Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to High Temperature in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate spatiotemporal variations of global heat-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on the burden of heat-related CVD were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to quantify heat-induced CVD burden. We calculated the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and DALY rate (ASDR) per 100,000 population to compare this burden across regions. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) for temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. The correlation between the socio-demographic index (SDI) and age-standardized rate was measured using the Spearman rank test. Results: Heat-induced CVD caused approximately 90 thousand deaths worldwide in 2019. Global ASMR and ASDR of heat-related CVD in 2019 were 1.17 [95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.13-1.98] and 25.59 (95% CI: 2.07-44.17) per 100,000 population, respectively. The burden was significantly increased in middle and low-SDI regions and slightly decreased in high-SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. ASMR showed an upward trend, with the most considerable increase in low-latitude countries. We observed a negative correlation between SDI and EAPC in ASMR ( r s = -0.57, P < 0.01) and ASDR ( r s = -0.59, P < 0.01) among 204 countries. Conclusion: Heat-attributable CVD burden substantially increased in most developing countries and tropical regions.

[Mechanism of Algal Community Dynamics Driven by the Seasonal Water Bacterial Community in a Stratified Drinking Water Reservoir].

Phytoplankton and bacteria are crucial components of aquatic food webs, playing critical roles in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems. However, there are few studies on how the algal and bacterial communities interact and respond to changing environmental conditions in the water reservoirs. Thus, the ecological interaction relationship between the temporal succession of the phytoplankton community and the bacterial community was investigated using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and a co-occurrence network in the Lijiahe Reservoir. The results showed that Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were also dominant taxa in the phytoplankton community. In August, Cyanobacteria replaced Bacillariophyta as the second-most dominant taxa, with an average relative abundance of 30.13%. DNA sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominated throughout the year. Proteobacteria reached a maximum relative abundance of 71.68% in July. Acidobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus, which were rare taxa, reached maximum relative abundances of 10.20% and 5.56%, respectively. The co-occurrence network showed that the association between algae and bacteria was mainly positive, indicating that the interaction between them may be dominated by mutualism. As a keystone taxa, Methylotenera was significantly and positively related to Chlorella. Scenedesmus was also a keystone taxa and was significantly and negatively correlated with various bacteria, such as Methylobacter, Solitalea, and Rhodoferax. An RDA analysis showed that the succession of algal and bacterial communities was significantly regulated by water temperature, pH, and conductivity, and the environmental factors explained 93.1% and 90% of the variation in the algal community and bacterial community, respectively. The results will provide a scientific basis for exploring the micro-ecological driving mechanism of the interaction between algae and bacteria in deep drinking water reservoir ecosystems.

[Spatial and Temporal Succession Characteristics of Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Bacteria in a Stratified Reservoir].

Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria (AAPB) play a significant role in the material circulation of the hydrosphere, with diverse community structure and unique metabolic functions. To investigate the spatial and temporal succession characteristics of AAPB abundance and community structure in Jinpen Reservoir, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique targeting the pufM gene were applied. Furthermore, redundancy analysis was used to determine the influence of environmental factors on their community structure. The results showed that the AAPB abundance ranged from (6.70±0.43)×103 to (2.69±0.15)×104 copies·mL-1, with the maximum value appearing in October, and decreased with an increase in water depth. Samples were mainly classified into 19 genera (except for the unclassified genus); the most abundant AAPB genera were Bradyrhizobium sp. and Methylobacterium sp., which were affiliated to the α-Proteobacteria, and the proportion of the Bradyrhizobium sp. was highest in November, accounting for more than 60% (except 10 m). Furthermore, Rubrivivax sp., belonging to ß-Proteobacteria, was found to have a low proportion. There was a strong interaction relationship between AAPB genera. For example, Rhodobacter sp. was positively correlated with Rhodovulum sp., while Hydrogenophaga sp. was negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium sp.. The community structure composition and distribution of AAPB were significantly different, mainly affected by temperature (T), total nitrogen (TN), NO3--N, and light intensity and comprehensively regulated by environmental factors. For instance, T, TN, and total phosphorus had a significant impact on the AAPB community structure of water samples at 0, 5, and 15 m in October, whereas light intensity, pH, DO, and chlorophyll-a were major structuring factors in the AAPB assemblages of water samples at 5 m in December. The results have guiding significance for parsing the spatial and temporal variability of AAPB abundance and diversity in stratified reservoirs, and simultaneously provide a theoretical basis for exploring the driving factors of AAPB population structure.

[Water Quality and Bacterial Population Driving Mechanism of Algae Vertical Succession in Stratified Reservoir].

Phytoplankton and bacteria are important components of the aquatic food web, and play a critical role in substance circulation and energy exchange in freshwater ecosystems. The succession of algae is closely related to the metabolism and structural succession of bacterial populations in the water column. Thus, in this study, the vertical succession characteristics of phytoplankton and bacteria community structure and their coupling with water quality were investigated during an algal bloom in the Lijiahe Reservoir using high-throughput DNA sequencing and Biolog technologies. The results showed that the Lijiahe Reservoir was in the thermal stratification stage in August, and the pH, dissolved oxygen, and NH4+-N of the water column gradually decreased with depth (P<0.001). Algal cell concentration and chlorophyll a exhibited a simultaneous trend (P<0.001), and the maximum values in the surface layer were 3363.33×104 cells·L-1 and 7.03 µg·L-1, respectively. The algal community structure was dominated by Microcystis at water depths of 0 m and 3 m, and at 6 m water depth, Cyclotella replaced Microcystis as the most dominant algae, with a relative abundance of 57.28%. Biolog analysis indicated that the outbreak of Microcystis had a significant impact on bacterial metabolic activity and its relative abundance, but the diversity of bacterial population metabolic activity varied less. A total of 1420 operational taxonomic units were found by high-throughput sequencing, belonging to 10 bacterial phyla. Of these, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated in all water layers, and their relative abundances were more than 50%. The relative abundance of Chlorobi and Planctomycetes varied significantly with water depth, reaching their maxima at a depth of 6 m with values of 10.29% and 6.78%, respectively, which were both negatively correlated with algal density (P<0.05). Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes were positively correlated with algal density (P<0.05). A heat map fingerprint showed that the vertical distribution of the bacterial community structure of the Lijiahe Reservoir varied significantly, and with the increase in water depth, the bacterial community was more uniformly distributed and tended to diversify. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the vertical distribution of the bacterial and algal community structure was regulated by different water qualities, and the difference was significant. This study investigated the coupling mechanism of algal and bacterial communities during the algal bloom in the Lijiahe Reservoir, and the results provided a scientific basis for the investigation of the molecular microecological driving mechanism of water-source algal blooms.

[Knowledge structure of lumbago's symptoms and employed acupoints in book A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion based on Weka preprocessing association rules].

OBJECTIVE: To dig the knowledge structure of lumbago's symptoms and acupoints in book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) and Zhenjiu Dacheng (Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) in order to provide a possible scientific method for exploring their combination regularities in ancient Chinese medical books about acupuncture-moxibustion, and to investigate the feasibility and scientificity of the "association rule" in trimming the related ancient medical books and records. METHODS: The articles about lumbago's symptoms and employed acupoints were screened from classic me-dical book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing and Zhenjiu Dacheng, followed by establishing a database. Then, the bidimensional correlation analysis about the lumbago-symptoms and symptoms-acupoints was conducted by using Apriori algorithm of Weka3.9.0 platform. RESULTS: A total of 153 entries about symptoms as spinalgia (31.68%) and cold limbs (25.74%) and the employed acupoints as Weizhong (BL40，17.60%), Shenshu (BL23, 9.60%) and Kunlun (BL60, 6.40%) are found. The top 3 supplemented acupoints are BL40 for concomitant symptoms of spinalgia, BL23 for cold limbs, and BL60 for dizzy symptoms. Regarding the paired acupoints for lumbago, the most frequently used ones are BL23-BL40 (30.40%)．. CONCLUSION: In book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing and Zhenjiu Dacheng, lumbago has chief symptoms of spinalgia and cold limbs that are mainly disorders of the Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and Governor Vessel, and the acupoints of these two meridians are frequently selected in combination with some specific acupoints.

[δ¹5N-NO3⁻ and δ¹8O-NO3⁻ Tracing of Nitrate Sources in Beijing Urban Rivers].

In order to quantitatively identify sources of nitrate pollution in Beijing urban area and provide effective guidance for relevant departments to control the pollution of Beijing rivers, δ¹5N-NO3⁻ and δ¹8O-NO3⁻ isotope tracing method was used to analyze the composition of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes from nitrate in Beijing urban river. Besides, stable isotope mixing model was adopted to track nitrogen sources of nitrate in Beijing urban rivers and the contribution rates of respective pollution sources were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) NO3⁻-N pollution was the main inorganic nitrogen pollution in Beijing rivers and pollution of downstream was more serious than that of upstream. (2) δ¹5N-NO3⁻ in Beijing urban surface rivers was in range of 6.26 per thousand-24.94 per thousand, while δ¹8O-NO3⁻ ranged -0.41 per thousand-11.74 per thousand; δ¹5N-NO3⁻ increased from upstream to downstream along the flow of the surface water. (3) The nitrate pollution composition of Beijing rivers could be gained from the stable isotope mixing model. The average contribution rates of manure and sewage, soil nitrate and atmospheric deposition were 61.2%, 31.5% and 7.3%, respectively.