[A comparative analysis of the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer and endoscopic screening compliance in two urban areas and two rural areas in China].

Objective: To analyze and compare the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer and the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening in urban China and rural China. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, an epidemiological survey was conducted on residents aged 40-69 in two rural areas (Luoshan county of Henan province, Sheyang county of Jiangsu province) and two urban areas (Changsha city of Hunan province, Harbin city of Heilongjiang province). As a result, high-risk individuals were recommended for endoscopic screening. Chi-square χ(2) test was used to compare the high-risk rate of UGI cancer between urban and rural residents. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening. Results: A total of 48, 310 residents aged 40-69 were enrolled in this study, including 22 870 (47.34%) residents from rural areas and 25 440 (52.66%) residents from urban areas. A total of 23 532 individuals were assessed with a high risk of UGI cancer, with an overall risk rate of 48.71%. A higher proportion of participants with high risk was observed in rural China (56.17%, 12 845/22 870) than in urban China (42.01%, 10 687/25 440). A total of 10 971 high-risk individuals with UGI cancer participated in endoscopic screening, with an overall compliance rate of 46.62% (10 971/23 532), 45.15% (5 799/12 845) in rural China, and 48.40% (5 172/10 687) in urban China. In rural population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those of females, aged 50-69 years, primary school education or above, high income, a family history of UGI cancer, history of gastric and duodenal ulcer, history of reflux esophagitis, and history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Among the urban population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those aged 40-49 years, uneducated, low income, family history of UGI cancer, history of reflux esophagitis, history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Conclusions: The proportion of participants with high risk of UGI cancer in rural areas is higher than that of urban areas. The compliance rates of endoscopic screening in urban and rural areas are low, and influencing factors of endoscopic screening exhibit some differences in rural China and urban China.

[Natural history of colorectal cancer: a Meta-analysis on global prospective cohort studies].

Objective: To acknowledge the availability and rates of annual transition of outcomes during the progression and regression stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and related diseases, by pooling global follow-up studies on the natural history of CRC. Methods: Till March, 2017, data was collected through systematic literature review over multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) disc. Information regarding the characteristics, classification system of health states, related outcomes and incidence rates on CRC or high-risk adenoma for the surveillance cohorts of the studies, were extracted and summarized. Both Meta and sensitivity analyses were performed on those outcomes if they appeared in more than 3 studies, using the random effects model. Annual transition rate with 95%CI was used to estimate each of the outcomes, Quality of the studies was assessed, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 29 cohort studies were included, with the mean follow-up period as 5.7 years. All studies except one, focused on adenoma-carcinoma pathway and reported the outcome parameters of adenomas by different risk, and some reported the findings on different sizes (n=6) of adenomas. These cohorts were divided into three groups (normal status, with low-risk or high-risk adenoma) according to the status of baseline endoscopic pathologic findings. Their available outcome parameters, corresponding number of involved articles, aggregated sample size and pooled annual transition rates were presented. Six parameters were obtained in the normal cohorts, including those from normal to low-risk adenoma (16 articles, 58 235, 0.030: 0.024-0.037), to high-risk adenoma (17 articles, 62 089, 0.003: 0.002-0.004), to diminutive adenoma (<5 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.021: 0.013-0.029), to small adenoma (6-9 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.006: 0.001-0.010), to large adenoma (≥10 mm, 7 articles, 3 531, 0.002: 0.000-0.003) and to CRC (19 articles, 104 836, 0.000 3: 0.000 2-0.000 5). Three parameters were obtained in low-risk adenoma in cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (9 articles, 4 788, 0.109: 0.062-0.157) from low-risk adenoma after polypectomy to high-risk adenoma (10 articles, 5 736, 0.009: 0.004-0.013) and to CRC (12 articles, 11 347, 0.000 6: 0.000 4-0.000 8). Three parameters were obtained on high-risk adenoma from cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (12 articles, 7 030, 0.038: 0.028-0.048) from high-risk adenoma after polypectomy to low-risk adenoma (8 articles, 2 489, 0.133: 0.081-0.185) and CRC (14 articles, 14 899, 0.002: 0.001-0.003). Except for normal to low-risk adenomas, results from the sensitivity analysis for the other parameters showed stable. Of the included studies, two presented incidence rates of CRC in different clinical stages and the another two were focusing on the parameters related to serrated pathway. Conclusions: Globally, follow-up studies reported data on natural history of colorectal cancer is of paucity. Compared to the "adenoma-carcinoma" pathway, transition parameters of the serrated lesion pathway are more limited. This Meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for optimizing the strategies regarding follow-up program on the disease, using the baseline endoscopic findings from global CRC Screening Program. These results also offered strong data-related support for Chinese population- specific interventional model on colorectal cancer.

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of new cyano-bridged two-dimensional grid-like bimetallic assemblies [Ni(tn)2]2[Cr(CN)5((NO)]OH*H2O and [NI(tn)2]2[Co(CN)6]NO3*2H2O (tn=1,3-propanediamine).

Two bimetallic assemblies, [Ni(tn)(2)](2)[Cr(CN)(5)(NO)]OH.H(2)O (1) and [Ni(tn)(2)](2)[Co(CN)(6)]NO(3).2H(2)O (2) (tn = 1,3-diaminopropane), have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. Crystal data for 1 (2): space group P1 (P1), a = 8.698(3) (8.937(2)) A, b = 10.001(2) (9.863(1)) A, c = 10.158(2) (10.064(1)) A, alpha = 87.40(2) (86.064(10)) degrees, beta = 65.10(2) (65.489(10)) degrees, gamma = 81.63(2) (81.572(12)) degrees and Z = 1 (1). Both structures consist of two-dimensional grid-like polycations containing Ni-N triple bond C-M linkages (M = Cr or Co) and counteranions (OH, NO(3)). Magnetic studies of 1 showed that the complex displays a metamagnetic behavior originating from intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic interactions. Long-range antiferromagnetic ordering was observed at T(N) = 3.3 K. Complex 2 exhibits intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions through the diamagnetic N triple bond C-Co-N triple bond C bridges, owing to superexchange involving the empty d(sigma) orbital of the diamagnetic Co(III) ion.

A novel hydrogen-bonded microporous framework constructed from two different metal complexes.

A hydrogen-bonded coordination supramolecule, (meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-kappa4N)nickel(II) [N,N-o-phenylenebis(oxamato)-kappa4O,N,N',O']nickelate(II) dihydrate, [Ni(C16H36N4)][Ni(C10H4N2O6)]*2H2O or [Ni(meso-cth)][Ni(opba)]*2H2O, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The two complex ions, i.e. [Ni(meso-cth)]2+ and [Ni(opba)]2-, are hydrogen bonded to each other, resulting in two-dimensional neutral supramolecular sheets. The sheets stack along the a direction to produce a three-dimensional architecture with one-dimensional channels in which hydrogen-bonded chains of water molecules are included.

Oxamato-bridged trinuclear Ni(II)Cu(II)Ni(II) complexes with irregular spin state structures and a binuclear Ni(II)Cu(II) complex with an unusual supramolecular structure: crystal structure and magnetic properties.

Four oxamato-bridged heterotrinuclear Ni(II)Cu(II)Ni(II) complexes of formula ([Ni(bispictn)](2)Cu(pba))(ClO(4))(2).2.5H(2)O (1), ([Ni(bispictn)](2)Cu(pbaOH))(ClO(4))(2).H(2)O (2), ([Ni(cth)](2)Cu(pba))(ClO(4))(2) (3), and ([Ni(cth)](2)Cu(opba))(ClO(4))(2).H(2)O (4) and a binuclear Ni(II)Cu(II) complex of formula [Cu(opba)Ni(cth)].CH(3)OH (5) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, ESR, and electronic spectra, where pba = 1,3-propylenebis(oxamato), pbaOH = 2-hydroxyl-1,3-propylenebis(oxamato), opba = o-phenylenebis(oxamato), bispictn = N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, and cth = rac-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane. The crystal structures of 1, 3, and 5 have been determined. The structures of complexes 1 and 3 consist of trinuclear cations and perchlorate anions, and that of 5 consists of neutral binuclear molecules which are connected by hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions to produce a unique supramolecular "double" sheet. In the three complexes, the copper atom in a square-planar or axially elongated octahedral environment and the nickel atom in a distorted octahedral environment are bridged by the oxamato groups, with Cu.Ni separations between 5.29 and 5.33 A. The magnetic properties of all five complexes have been investigated. The chi(M)T versus T plots for 1-4 exhibit the minimum characteristic of antiferromagnetically coupled NiCuNi species with an irregular spin state structure and a spin-quartet ground state. The chi(M)T versus T plot for 5 is typical of an antiferromagnetically coupled NiCu pair with a spin-doublet ground state. The Ni(II)-Cu(II) isotropic interaction parameters for the five complexes were evaluated and are between 102 and 108 cm(-)(1) (H = -JS(Cu).S(Ni)).

Two-dimensional coordination polymers of copper(II) with oxalate: lattice water control of structure.

Three oxalate copper(II) complexes, [Cu(bipy)(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)].2H(2)O (1), [Cu(nphen)(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)].2H(2)O (2), and [Cu(phen)(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)].H(2)O (3) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, nphen = 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 7.2554(10) A, b = 10.5712(14) A, c = 10.8178(15) A, alpha = 62.086(2) degrees, beta = 77.478(3) degrees, gamma = 81.773(3) degrees, and Z = 2. Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 9.582(2) A, b = 10.086(2) A, c = 10.592(2) A, alpha = 64.18(3) degrees, beta = 79.47(3) degrees, gamma = 60.06(3) degrees, and Z = 2. Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 8.4655(7) A, b = 9.7057(8) A, c = 17.4572(14) A; beta = 103.865(2) degrees, and Z = 4. The crystal structures of all complexes consist of neutral [Cu(L)(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)] (L = bipy, nphen, and phen) units and one or two lattice water molecules in the unit cell. Each copper atom in 1, 2, and 3 involves a five-coordinate CuN(2)O(2)O' environment, with a distorted square-pyramidal structure. In 1 and 2, two lattice water molecules are around each unit of [CuL(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)] (L = bipy and nphen) and form two-dimensional networks. Only one lattice water molecule is found in the unit cell of 3 and the two-dimensional structure is different from 1 and 2. The extended three-dimensional structure is formed through pi-pi interactions between layers. The influences of hydrogen bonds and the sizes and Lewis basicity of ligands to the structures were discussed.

New alternating ferro- and antiferromagnetic one-dimensional complexes. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of.

The preparation, X-ray crystal structure, and magnetic properties of alternating 1,1- and 1,3-azido-bridged copper(II) complex [Cu(4,4'-dmbpy)(N3)2]n (1, 4,4'-dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethylbipyridine) have been reported. It crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1, a = 7.9903(1) A, b = 9.3545(9) A, c = 10.754(2) A, alpha = 113.485(1) degrees, beta = 101.399(1) degrees, gamma = 101.897(1) degrees, Z = 2. The magnetic properties of 1 have been investigated in the temperature range 1.5-300 K. Alternating antiferromagnetic (-J = 191.0 cm(-1)) interaction through a 1,3-N3- bridge and ferromagnetic (J = 297.1 cm(-1)) interaction through a 1,1-N3- bridge are obtained for 1 by analyzing the magnetic susceptibility data with the Hamiltonian H = -Jsigma(S2iS2i-1--alphaS2iS2i+1). It's derivatives ([Mn(4,4'-dmbpy)(N3)2]n (2), [Ni(4,4'-dmbpy)(N3)2]n (3), and [Fe(4,4'-dmbpy)(N3)2]n (4) and the heterometallic derivatives [NiMn(4,4'-dmbpy)2(N3)4]n (5) and [CuMn(4,4'-dmbpy)2(N3)4]n (6) have also been synthesized and characterized by electronic and IR spectra. The X-ray powder diffraction and the magnetic properties of 6 have also been discussed.

The movement of labor in Chinese rural areas: with a focus on developed regions.

PIP: Recent Chinese economic reforms target both agrarian and urban sectors. This paper discusses employment structure change in rural areas and the interindustry movement of labor, with particular attention to relevant institutional aspects. The residencies and population system and the employment-welfare-insurance system are reviewed. Socioeconomic structure and labor market mechanisms in rural areas are considered as the basis for the movement of labor; forms of employment and labor market characteristics in rural areas are identified; and factors influencing job-related behavior of the work force in agricultural households, as well as mechanisms regulating interindustry movement of the work force are quantified. These issues are investigated only for the Sunan area and suburban villages near Shanghai. Review suggests that labor force movement within China's rural areas has gained momentum despite institutional limitations. The rural employment structure has changed to impact the entire national economy. Village and township enterprises have helped raise income levels of farming households, industrialize and urbanize rural areas, and strengthen ties between rural and urban areas. To sustain growth in rural and national economies, however, greater differentiation is needed between the functions of administrative and economic sectors, competitive principles should be introduced in rural areas, and institutional restrictions on population and labor force movements should be relaxed.^ieng

Liquid covering for superficial skin wounds and its effect on wound closure in guinea pigs.

An irrigatable bandage has been developed to hold fluid over a wound. Starting with superficial skin wounds on the back of guinea pigs, the bandage has been used to hold saline or phosphate-buffered saline containing antibiotics over the wound for up to 48 hours. Animals tolerated the bandage well for this period and bacterial contamination and wound maceration were not complications. The extent of reepithelialization with time was measured histologically under three separate conditions: wound exposed to air, wound covered and kept moist, and wound covered with liquid. By 24 hours 2 +/- 1%, 16 +/- 4% and 60 +/- 8% of the wound surface interfollicular areas showed some reepithelialization, respectively. On the average, at the same time these areas showed 15 +/- 2%, 19 +/- 2% and 37 +/- 1% coverage by epithelium. By these measurements, the liquid cover enhanced the rate of wound closure significantly.