Effects of positive psychological interventions on positive and negative emotions in depressed individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) are known to be effective in alleviating depression. However, the effect of PPIs on positive and negative emotions in depressed participants is not unclear. AIMS: To systematically investigate the effects of PPIs on positive and negative emotions in depressed individuals. METHODS: 6 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of PPIs in individuals with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms. Hedges' g value was computed using a random-effects model to determine effect sizes. RESULTS: 14 trials from 13 studies were included. Our meta-analysis showed that PPIs had significant but small effects on improving positive affect (g = 0.33, p = .02), life satisfaction (g = 0.26, p = .03), happiness (g = 0.62, p = .03) and depression (g = -0.32, p = .001), and negligible effects on improving well-being (g = 0.13, p = .24) and negative affect (g = -0.15, p = .31). Subgroup analyses of depression showed that PPIs have experienced benefits in improving depression in most subgroups. In addition, none of the subgroup analyses performed for outcomes other than depression found PPIs to be more effective than controls. CONCLUSION: PPIs can improve positive affect, life satisfaction, happiness and depression in depressed individuals, but further studies are needed to validate their effects on well-being, and negative affect.

Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures of mental help-seeking attitude: a systematic review of psychometric properties.

Background: At present, the phenomenon of patients with mental disorders not seeking mental help is very serious, and the mental help-seeking attitude is the central structure of the help process. However, there is no consensus on which patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) should be used to assess mental help-seeking attitudes. Objective: The systematic review aims to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the measurement quality of the all-available PROMs about mental help-seeking attitudes to provide evidence-based guidance and reference for clinical researchers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in 9 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, APA, CINAHL, Sinomed, CNKI, and WanFang) since the establishment of the database until November 30, 2022 to identify articles on the PROMs of mental help-seeking attitudes. We used the COSMIN guidelines to evaluate the methodological quality and measurement properties of all-available PROMs, and a modified Grading, Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to evaluate the level of evidence supporting each rating. Finally, the recommendation level is given according to the overall quality of each PROM. Results: We identified 29 studies representing 13 PROMs out of 2,828 screening studies. The overall quality of the included PROMs varied, with 6 rated as class B, 6 as class C, and only the Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS) as class A. Conclusion: The measurement characteristics of MHSAS have been the most comprehensive evaluation, and it has good reliability and validity, and high feasibility for clinical application, so it can be temporarily recommended for use, but the above conclusions still need to be supported by more high-quality evidence.

A randomized controlled trial of a nurse-led psychological pain solution-focused intervention for depressed inpatients: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Depressed patients commonly experience psychological pain. Research pointed to positive psychological interventions as an effective means of ameliorating psychological pain, although the exact effect is unclear. Based on the hope theory and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), this study combines hope theory with solution-focused brief therapy to develop a nurse-led psychological pain solution-focused (PPSF) intervention in depressed patients. METHODS: This is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial following the SPIRIT guidance. A total of 84 depressed patients will be recruited from the inpatient wards of a psychiatric hospital and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. Patients in the control group will be treated as usual. In contrast, patients in the experimental group will receive 6 sessions of the PPSF intervention for two weeks on top of the routine care. Primary outcomes are psychological pain, hope, cognitive distortions. Secondary outcomes are depression and suicidal ideation. Data will be collected at 5-time points: baseline, 1 and 2 weeks (post-intervention), 1 month (follow up), and 6 months after baseline. Generalized equation evaluation will be used to assess the effectiveness of the PPSF intervention. DISCUSSION: From a positive psychology perspective, there remains much room for developing psychological pain interventions in depressed patients. SFBT and hope theory are both based on positive psychology. With hope theory as the general framework and SFBT questions as the practical guide, the PPSF intervention program is designed that nursing staff can implement. If the intervention is effective, it will advance the development of psychological pain interventions for patients with depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2100048223.

Effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on social functioning, overall functioning and negative emotions for depression: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has been widely used for depression. However, current studies of IPT have been restricted to depressive symptoms, and the results for improving social functioning were controversial. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted through eleven databases. Data analysis was performed by RevMan5.3, and effects were summarized by using a random effects model of mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS: From 2443 records, eleven studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for meta-analysis. The results showed that IPT had significant effects on improving social functioning (SMD: -0.53, 95 % CI: -0.80 to -0.26), reducing depression (SMD: -0.49, 95 % CI: -0.80 to -0.19) and anxiety (SMD: -0.90, 95 % CI: -1.28 to -0.52), but the effect on the overall functioning (SMD: -0.37, 95 % CI: -0.73 to -0.01) is not obvious. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that IPT was effective in improving social functioning in adolescent depression (SMD: -0.35, 95 % CI: -0.58 to -0.13) and perinatal depression (SMD: -1.01, 95 % CI: -1.35 to -0.67), while there was no significant difference in the adult depression group (SMD: -0.39, 95 % CI: -1.05 to 0.27). LIMITATION: The blind method cannot be carried out in most studies due to the particularity of psychotherapy, heterogeneity in some results. CONCLUSION: IPT has a significant effect on improving social functioning and reducing depression and anxiety, while the effect on overall functioning requires further research. Overall, IPT is one of the effective nonpharmacological treatments for depression.

The mediating and moderating role of psychological resilience between occupational stress and mental health of psychiatric nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The particular occupational stress of psychiatric nurses has a negative impact on their mental health. There is evidence that psychological resilience can promote mental health; however, the relationship between resilience in occupational stress and mental health of psychiatric nurses is unclear, and mental health was assessed from a psychopathological perspective, neglecting the role of positive psychology. Therefore, this study was based on a dual-factor model of mental health, describing mental health in terms of both positive well-being and psychiatric symptoms. We aimed to investigate the level of psychiatric nurses' mental health and whether resilience plays a mediating or moderating role between occupational stress and mental health in psychiatry nurses. METHODS: A cross sectional survey of 450 psychiatric nurses in five hospitals in Jiangsu Province was conducted using a convenience sampling method, of which 413 were valid questionnaires with an effective rate of 91.8%. The evaluation included the Chinese Nurses' Stress Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Descriptive and Spearman correlation analyses were performed using SPSS25.0 while mediating and moderating effects were performed using SmartPLS3.0. RESULTS: Based on a dual-factor model of mental health, this study found that psychiatric nurses had a low general state of mental health, with 54.5% positive mental health, 7% vulnerable, 21.8% symptomatic but content, and 16.7% completely troubled. In addition, we found that resilience plays a mediating role in stress and mental health [ß = -0.230, 95% CI of (-0.310, -0.150)] and does not play a moderating role [ß = -0.018, 95%CI (-0.091, 0.055)]. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric nurses are in a poor state of mental health, and psychological resilience partly mediates occupational stress and mental health. This study suggests that attention should be paid to both positive and negative aspects of psychiatric nurses' mental health, and strategies should be developed to reduce occupational stress and develop psychological resilience.