Effects of pilates on aerobic performance of college students / Efeitos do pilates sobre o desempenho de aeróbica de estudantes universitários / Efectos del pilates en el rendimiento aeróbico de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Pilates is a training method that aims to improve body awareness for movement re-education, bringing muscular and mental balance. It is believed that these benefits can effectively improve the flexibility of female university aerobics students. Methods: 90 female college students in the optional aerobics course were selected and divided into two groups. Data from the experimental and control groups were evaluated for comparison before and after the experiment. The aerobic exercises of the two groups of female university aerobics students were scored, aiming to compare and explore which training method was more effective. Results: The baseline time and pace score in the Pilates intervention was changed from 2.35±0.71 to 2.55±0.76, a movement set changed from 3.86±0.98 to 4.01±1.07, movement performance from 1.67±0.61 to 1.72±0.57, and foot skills from 1.40±0.48 to 1.41±0.50. The mean aerobic movement performance score changed from 62.45 to 80.53, an increase of 18.08 points. Conclusion: The Pilates training can effectively improve the aerobic performance of female university students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O Pilates é um método de treinamento que visa trabalhar a consciência corporal para reeducação do movimento, trazendo equilíbrio muscular e mental. Acredita-se que esses benefícios possam efetivamente melhorar a flexibilidade das estudantes universitárias de aeróbica. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento baseado em pilates sobre o desempenho esportivo de estudantes universitárias. Métodos: 90 estudantes universitárias femininas do curso opcional de aeróbica foram selecionadas e divididas em dois grupos. Os dados do grupo experimental e do grupo de controle foram avaliados para comparação antes e depois do experimento. Os exercícios aeróbicos dos dois grupos de estudantes universitárias femininas de aeróbica foram pontuados, visando a comparação e explorar qual o método de treinamento mais eficaz. Resultados: O valor de tempo e ritmo basal na intervenção com pilates foi alterado de 2,35±0,71 para 2,55±0,76, o conjunto de movimentos mudou de 3,86±0,98 para 4,01±1,07, o desempenho do movimento de 1,67±0,61 para 1,72±0,57, e as habilidades com os pés de 1,40±0,48 para 1,41±0,50. A pontuação média do desempenho do movimento aeróbico mudou de 62,45 para 80,53, um aumento de 18,08 pontos. Conclusão: O treinamento de Pilates pode efetivamente melhorar o desempenho de estudantes universitárias femininas de aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Pilates es un método de entrenamiento que pretende trabajar la conciencia corporal para la reeducación del movimiento, aportando equilibrio muscular y mental. Se cree que estos beneficios pueden mejorar eficazmente la flexibilidad de las estudiantes universitarias de aeróbic. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento basado en pilates en el rendimiento deportivo de estudiantes universitarias. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 90 estudiantes universitarias del curso optativo de aeróbic y se dividieron en dos grupos. Se evaluaron los datos del grupo experimental y del grupo de control para compararlos antes y después del experimento. Se puntuaron los ejercicios aeróbicos de los dos grupos de estudiantes universitarias de aeróbic, con el objetivo de comparar y explorar qué método de entrenamiento era más eficaz. Resultados: La puntuación inicial de tiempo y ritmo en el experimento de pilates pasó de 2,35±0,71 a 2,55±0,76, la del conjunto de movimientos pasó de 3,86±0,98 a 4,01±1,07, la del rendimiento de los movimientos pasó de 1,67±0,61 a 1,72±0,57, y la de las habilidades con los pies pasó de 1,40±0,48 a 1,41±0,50. La puntuación media del rendimiento de los movimientos aeróbicos pasó de 1,67±0,61 a 1,72±0,57, y la de las habilidades con los pies de 1,40±0,48 a 1,41±0,50. La puntuación media del rendimiento del movimiento aeróbico pasó de 62,45 a 80,53, lo que supone un aumento de 18,08 puntos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento con Pilates puede mejorar eficazmente el rendimiento aeróbico de las estudiantes universitarias. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on mitochondrial supercomplex assembly and biogenesis, mitophagy, and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in the soleus muscle of aged female rats.

PURPOSE: Exercise helps improve mitochondrial function to combat sarcopenia. Certain parts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex can form a higher-order structure called "supercomplex" to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and improve muscle mass. The effect of exercise on the assembly of the mitochondrial supercomplex is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial supercomplexes (mitoSCs) assembly in aging soleus muscle. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into four groups: young sedentary (Y-SED, 8 months old, n = 12), old sedentary (O-SED, 26 months old, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, from 18 to 26 months old, n = 12), and HIIT (from 18 to 26 months old, n = 12). Rats in the MICT and HIIT groups were subjected to an 8-month training program. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of the antioxidative factors, inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial fusion- and division-related genes. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy markers and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine serum irisin contents. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the formation of mitochondrial supercomplexes. RESULTS: Compared with the Y-SED group, the soleus muscle and mitochondria in the O-SED group showed reduced expression of mitophagy- and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. In the HIIT group, the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the soleus muscle and mitochondria was significantly increased compared with that in the MICT group. Serum irisin and mitochondrial fusion protein levels significantly decreased with age. Superoxide dismutase 2 protein levels and AMPK pathway protein expression were significantly increased in the HIIT group compared with those in the other groups. Additionally, the expression levels of mitoSCs and the mRNA levels of interleukin-15 and optical atrophy 1 increased in the HIIT group compared with that in the MICT group. CONCLUSION: Compared with MICT, HIIT activated the AMPK pathway to upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis- and mitophagy-related proteins, and promote the assembly and formation of mitoSCs to improve the mitochondrial function of aging soleus muscles.