Biological characteristics of side population cells in multiple myeloma U266 cell line in relation to drug resistance / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that tumor stem ceils are the basis and the main cause of tumor recurrence and chemotherapy failure.Therefore,the research on the drug resistance of tumor stem cells has become a hotspot in the field of stem cell research.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biological characteristics of side population (SP) cells in the U266 cell lines in relation to drug resistance.METHODS:Flow cytometry was used to monitor the percentage of SP cells in the U266 cell lines.Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used to isolate SP and non-SP (NSP) cells from the U266 cell lines.Further analyses of the cell cycle,multidrug resistant protein,methyl cellulose cloning assay of SP cells and NSP cells were performed.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of ABCG2 and MDR1 genes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were (2.46±0.35)％ SP cells in U266 cells,which were most in the G0 phase.The ratio of G0/G1 in SP cells was (81.50±5.42)％,which was significantly higher than that in NSP cells [(39.85±3.21)％;P ＜0.05].The positive expression rates of P-gp and ABCG2 in SP cells were signficantly higher than those in NSP cells (P ＜0.05).The cloning efficiency of SP cells was significantly higher than that of NSP cells (P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of ABCG2 and MDR1 was also significantly higher in SP cells than in NSP cells (P ＜ 0.05).To conclude,a small subpopulation of the isolates of U266 cell lines belong to tumor stem cell-like SP cell subset,most of which are at the G0 phase.ABCG2 and MDR1 genes are highly expressed in SP cells,which particularly plays a important role in the multidrug resistance of multiple myeloma stem cell lines.

Inter-rater reliability of three most commonly used pressure ulcer risk assessment scales in clinical practice.

The objective of this study was to evaluate inter-rater reliability of Braden Scale, Norton Scale and Waterlow Scale for pressure ulcer risk assessment in clinical practice. The design of the study was cross-sectional. A total of 23 patients at pressure ulcer risk were included in the study, and 6 best registered nurses conducted three subsequent risk assessments for all included patients. They assessed alone and independently from each other. An intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the inter-rater reliability. For the Braden Scale, the ICC values ranged between 0·603 (95% CI: 0·435-0·770) for the item 'moisture' and a maximum of 0·964 (95% CI: 0·936-0·982) for the item 'activity'; for the Norton Scale, the ICC values ranged between 0·595 (95% CI: 0·426-0·764) for the item 'physical condition' and a maximum of 0·975 (95% CI: 0·955-0·988) for the item 'activity'; and for the Waterlow Scale, the ICC values ranged between 0·592 (95% CI: 0·422-0·762) for the item 'skin type' and a maximum of 0·990 (95% CI: 0·982-0·995) for the item 'activity'. The ICC values of total score for three scales of were 0·955 (95% CI: 0·922-0·978), 0·967 (95% CI: 0·943-0·984), and 0·915 (95% CI: 0·855-0·958) for Braden, Norton, and Waterlow scales, respectively. Although the inter-rater reliability of Braden Scale, Norton Scale and Waterlow Scale total scores were all substantial, the reliability of some items was not so good. The items of 'moisture', 'physical condition' and 'skin type' should be paid more attention. However, some studies are needed to find out high reliable quantitative items to replace these ambiguous items in new designed scales.

Clinical Application of Immune-related Response Criteria in Evaluating Chinese Medical Treatme for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the applicability of immune-related response criteria (irRC) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by Chinese medicine (CM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 97 stage III a-IV NSCLC patients were predominantly treated with comprehensive CM. Curative effects were evaluated by three methods such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Oncologic Curative Effect Evaluation Criteria of Chinese Medicine in Solid Tumor (draft, abbreviated as CM criteria), and irRC. The correspondency and consistency between irRC, RECIST and CM criteria were analyzed and compared. The objectivity of irRC in evaluating curative effect of Chinese medical treatment for NSCLC was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The correspondency rate of irRC to RECIST was 59. 79% with Kappa value of 0. 379 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had certain correspondence, but with an unsatisfactory consistency. The correspondency rate of irRC to CM criteria rate was 83. 51% with Kappa value of 0.751 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had good correspondence and consistency.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CM criteria had good consistency with CM criteria in evaluating curative effect for Chinese medical treatment of advanced NSCLC. Its results could objectively reflect features and advantages of CM for treating advanced NSCLC.</p>

Intraoperative microvascular Doppler monitoring in intracranial aneurysm surgery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms is often compromised by incomplete exclusion of the aneurysm or stenosis of parent vessels. Intraoperative microvascular Doppler (IMD) is an attractive, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool. The present study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of IMD for guiding clip placement in aneurysm surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 92 patients with 101 intracranial aneurysms were included in the study. IMD with a 1.5-mm diameter, 20-MHz microprobe was used before and after clip application to confirm aneurysm obliteration and patency of parent vessels and branching arteries. IMD findings were verified postoperatively with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or dual energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA). Ninety consecutive patients, harboring 108 aneurysms, who underwent surgery without IMD was considered as the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microprobe detected all vessels of the Circle of Willis and their major branches. Clips were repositioned in 24 (23.8%) aneurysms on the basis of the IMD findings consistent with incomplete exclusion and/or stenosis. IMD identified persistent weak blood flow through the aneurismal sac of 11 of the 101 (10.9%) aneurysms requiring clip adjustment. Stenosis or occlusion of the parent or branching arteries as indicated by IMD necessitated immediate clip adjustment in 19 aneurysms (18.8%). The mean duration of the IMD procedure was 4.8 minutes. The frequency of clip adjustment (mean: 1.8 times per case) was associated with the size and location of the aneurysm. There were no complications related to the use of IMD, and postoperative angiograms confirmed complete aneurysm exclusion and parent vessel patency. About 8.3% (9/108) aneurysms were unexpectedly incompletely occluded, and 10.2% (11/108) aneurysms and parent vessel stenosis without IMD were detected by postoperative DSA or DE-CTA. IMD could reduce the rate of residual aneurysm and unanticipated vessel stenosis which demonstrated statistically significant advantages compared with aneurysm surgery without IMD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IMD is a safe, easily performed, reliable, and valuable tool that is suitable for routine use in intracranial surgery, especially in complicated, large, and giant aneurysms with wide neck or without neck.</p>

Isolation and identification of a novel rabies virus lineage in China with natural recombinant nucleoprotein gene.

Rabies virus (RABV) causes severe neurological disease and death. As an important mechanism for generating genetic diversity in viruses, homologous recombination can lead to the emergence of novel virus strains with increased virulence and changed host tropism. However, it is still unclear whether recombination plays a role in the evolution of RABV. In this study, we isolated and sequenced four circulating RABV strains in China. Phylogenetic analyses identified a novel lineage of hybrid origin that comprises two different strains, J and CQ92. Analyses revealed that the virus 3' untranslated region (UTR) and part of the N gene (approximate 500 nt in length) were likely derived from Chinese lineage I while the other part of the genomic sequence was homologous to Chinese lineage II. Our findings reveal that homologous recombination can occur naturally in the field and shape the genetic structure of RABV populations.

[The prevalence and distributing feature of atrial fibrillation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kazaks adult population].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and distributing feature of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population. METHODS: Four-stage selected random samples aged 30-89 years from Tacheng, Yili and Aletai were analyzed. An epidemical study of AF was performed including inquiring medical history, recording electrocardiogram and auscultation. RESULTS: A total of 22 514 adults were surveyed. The prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population was 0.37%, which was increasing with aging. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (0.5% vs 0.2%, P < 0.01). In AF patients, 23 was valvular AF. Ischemic stroke was the most frequent type and the stroke rate in the patients with AF was significantly higher than that without AF (6.0% vs 1.2%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population is lower than the reported national prevalence but patients with AF in this population would not like to take the necessary medicine. Therefore, the control of AF need to be reinforced.

Identification of three H1N1 influenza virus groups with natural recombinant genes circulating from 1918 to 2009.

In this study, we identify a recombinant pb1 gene, a recombinant MP segment and a recombinant PA segment. The pb1 gene is recombined from two Eurasia swine H1N1 influenza virus lineages. It belongs to a H1N1 swine clade circulating in Europe and Asia from 1999 to 2009. The mosaic MP segment descends from H7 avian and H1N1 human virus lineages and pertains to a large human H1N1 virus family circulating in Asia, Europe and America from 1918 to 2007. The recombinant PA segment originated from two swine H1N1 lineages is found in a swine H1N1 group prevailing in Asia and Europe from 1999 to 2003. These results collectively falsify the hypothesis that influenza virus do not evolve by homologous recombination. Since recombination not only leads to virus genome diversity but also can alter its host adaptation and pathogenecity; the genetic mechanism should not be neglected in influenza virus surveillance.

[Electrocardiogram Minnesota codings from 30 000 adult cases with Kazakh ethnicity in Xinjiang, China].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the abnormal Minnesota code (MC) distribution and interrelated characteristic on electrocardiograms (ECGs) of the adult Kazakh population. METHODS: Resting ECGs and blood press of randomly sampled 30 000 adult Kazakh people in three Northern regions of Xinjiang were continuously examined and analyzed, using Minnesota code recommended by WHO as the classification of ECG. RESULTS: The overall rate of abnormal ECG findings was 248.60 per thousand, and the main abnormality in males was 146.83 per thousand, compared to 157.71 per thousand in females. The prevalence rates of abnormal ST-T changes, the total arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) were 100.03 per thousand, 71.17 per thousand and 2.83 per thousand respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the main abnormities from the three regions. CONCLUSION: The ECGs abnormalities of adult Kazakh people were high. There was significant relation found between the main abnormalities and hypertension. The prevalence of AF was different from the domestically reported literature that calls for further study.

[Expression changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in neuropathic pain].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in neuropathic pain. METHODS: Eighty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 12) : control group; S3, S7, and S14 groups: rats received the sham operation, the mechanical pain threshold was measured, and then the rats were decapitated and the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) samples were obtained on the 3rd, 7th, 14th postoperative day, respectively; C3, C7, and C14 groups: the chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI) model was established, the mechanical pain threshold was measured and the samples were obtained on the 3rd, 7th, 14th postoperative day, respectively. The expression level of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in the spinal cord and DRG were measured using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: In the CCI group, the mechanical pain threshold in each observation day was significantly lower than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05). In the spinal cord, the expressions of mGluR5 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in the C3 group than in the S3 and the control group (P < 0.05). On the 7th and the 14th postoperative day, no significant difference was found in the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein between CCI groups and the sham operation groups or the control group. No change was detected in DRG mRNA or protein. CONCLUSION: mGluR5 is differentially expressed in spinal cord in response to neuropathic pain, which suggests that mGluR5 may be involved in the mechanism of neuropathic pain.