Regular arrangement of dispersed 2D flakes detected by polarization of light.

Regular arrangement of dispersed 2D flakes, as the "Wind-Chime" model, has been regarded as possible mechanism of spatial self-phase modulation. But this regular arrangement caused by the laser have not been confirmed, and the relation with the concentration of dispersed 2D flakes is still unclear. Here, the relationship between arrangement caused by electric field and polarized transmittance have been explored at first. Then, the model of flakes rotation to regular arrangement were established, which were proof by the response time by turning on/off electric field. On this basis, by building the polarization-related cross optical switch system, light-induced regular arrangement were observed and proven.

Broad -band nonlinear optical response in Bi2Te0.6S2.4 alloys based on alloy engineering.

Alloy engineering plays an important role in regulating the optoelectronic properties of materials. This work demonstrates that Bi2Te0.6S2.4 alloys can extend nonlinear optical response to the near-infrared range. Te alloying at S sites can narrow the band gap, as proved by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, leading to a broadband saturable absorption response ranging from ultraviolet (350 nm) to near-infrared (1100 nm) wavelength with negative nonlinear optical absorption coefficient ranging from -0.12 cm GW-1 to -1.28 cm GW-1. Moreover, the broadband carrier dynamic of Bi2Te0.6S2.4 alloys was investigated via femtosecond transient absorption (TA) at an excitation of 325 nm. A faster carrier dynamic at near-infrared wavelength was observed because of an increase in electron density at the conduction band minimum due to the additional Bi-Te interaction, which was corroborated by DFT calculations. These results suggest that alloy engineering provides an effective way for the development of broadband nonlinear optical devices.

The evidentiary challenges of using satellite technologies to enforce ship-source marine pollution standards on the high seas.

Despite international regulatory efforts, the marine areas beyond national jurisdiction continue to be subject to increasing levels of environmental stress and degradation from international shipping activities. Specifically, the absence of effective and enforceable mechanisms has both allowed and incentivized ocean-going vessels to skirt international regulations on ship source pollution, resulting in the dumping of pollutants such as oily bilge water on the high seas with relative impunity. One on-going technological development that has sparked hope for breaking this current status quo is satellite technologies. By utilizing a platform of sensors such as synthetic aperture radar and high-resolution video-imaging sensors, satellite systems are capable of providing and documenting real-time discharges of ship-source pollution within the high seas. While several states have incorporated emerging satellite technologies into their administrative and regulatory practices for maritime environmental protection, their adoption within the judiciary remains limited. This article therefore explores the current legal evidentiary challenges associated with the use of satellite images and data before the courts as evidence of marine pollution on the ABNJ and advocates two policy initiatives for the International Maritime Organization to support their judicial integration.

[Effects of compound Daqiqi decoction combined cisplatin on Bcl-2/Bax expression of nude mice ovarian cancer subcutaneous transplanted tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the compound Daqiqi decoction( CDQD) combined cisplatin plays on the cell apoptosis of subcutaneous transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice, to provide theory evidence for clinical treatment. METHOD: Making the models of subcutaneous transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice, and divide the 40 mice with tumor into 5 groups (n = 8), the model control group, CDQD low dosed group, CDQD high dosed group, cisplatin group, cisplatin combined CDQD group, killing all the mice after 3 weeks' treatment and stripping tumors. Measure the volume and weight of the tumor and calculate tumor growth curve damps, the inhibition rate. Examining the expression of the Bcl-2(B-cell leukemia /lymphoma 2) and Bax (Bcl-2 associated x protein) mRNA and protein by the RT-PCR and the Western blot. RESULT: (O)The tumor weight shows that there was certain lighter effect in each CDQD group, and compared with cisplatin groups has no statistical significance, the cisplatin combined CDQD group is obviously lighter than that of the other group(P <0.01). The tumor growth curve damps shows that compared with model control group, the treatment group tumors had some extent narrowing (P < 0.01). (2) RT-PCR results: Bax (Bcl-2 associated x protein) mRNA expression shows that compared with model control group, the treatment group has increased (P < 0.01), and the cisplatin combined CDQD group compared with the other group is the highest, there was significant difference with the rest of the treatment group (P < 0.01). In the Bcl-2 mRNA express lowest in cisplatin combined CDQD group (P < 0.01), there has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group. (Western blot shows: compared with model control group, the Bax protein of treatment group has increased expression (P < 0.01), the expression of Bax protein in cisplatin combined CDQD group is the highest(P < 0.01). There has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group. The Bcl-2 protein expression of the cisplatin combined CDQD group is the lowest (P < 0.01), there has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group. CONCLUSION: The effect of CDQD on subcutaneous transplantation ovarian tumor has promoting apoptosis function, its mechanism may be related to downgrade the Bcl-2 expression, higher expression of bax, stimulation on the apoptosis of tumor cells; cisplatin combined CDQD have synergistic effect.

Effects of compound Daqiqi decoction combined cisplatin on Bcl-2/Bax expression of nude mice ovarian cancer subcutaneous transplanted tumor / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the compound Daqiqi decoction( CDQD) combined cisplatin plays on the cell apoptosis of subcutaneous transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice, to provide theory evidence for clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Making the models of subcutaneous transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice, and divide the 40 mice with tumor into 5 groups (n = 8), the model control group, CDQD low dosed group, CDQD high dosed group, cisplatin group, cisplatin combined CDQD group, killing all the mice after 3 weeks' treatment and stripping tumors. Measure the volume and weight of the tumor and calculate tumor growth curve damps, the inhibition rate. Examining the expression of the Bcl-2(B-cell leukemia /lymphoma 2) and Bax (Bcl-2 associated x protein) mRNA and protein by the RT-PCR and the Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(O)The tumor weight shows that there was certain lighter effect in each CDQD group, and compared with cisplatin groups has no statistical significance, the cisplatin combined CDQD group is obviously lighter than that of the other group(P <0.01). The tumor growth curve damps shows that compared with model control group, the treatment group tumors had some extent narrowing (P < 0.01). (2) RT-PCR results: Bax (Bcl-2 associated x protein) mRNA expression shows that compared with model control group, the treatment group has increased (P < 0.01), and the cisplatin combined CDQD group compared with the other group is the highest, there was significant difference with the rest of the treatment group (P < 0.01). In the Bcl-2 mRNA express lowest in cisplatin combined CDQD group (P < 0.01), there has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group. (Western blot shows: compared with model control group, the Bax protein of treatment group has increased expression (P < 0.01), the expression of Bax protein in cisplatin combined CDQD group is the highest(P < 0.01). There has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group. The Bcl-2 protein expression of the cisplatin combined CDQD group is the lowest (P < 0.01), there has no difference between CDQD high dose group and cisplatin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of CDQD on subcutaneous transplantation ovarian tumor has promoting apoptosis function, its mechanism may be related to downgrade the Bcl-2 expression, higher expression of bax, stimulation on the apoptosis of tumor cells; cisplatin combined CDQD have synergistic effect.</p>