A derivative of trihydroxynaphthalenone and a pyrone metabolite from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpurpgenus.

A newly discovered trihydroxynaphthalenone derivative, epoxynaphthalenone (1) involving the condensation of ortho-hydroxyl groups into an epoxy structure, and a novel pyrone metabolite characterized as pyroneaceacid (2), were extracted from Talaromyces purpurpgenus, an endophytic fungus residing in Rhododendron molle. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of their NMR and HRESIMS data. The determination of absolute configurations was accomplished using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and CD spectra. Notably, these recently identified metabolites exhibited a moderate inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XOD).

Muyocoxanthones O-S: Undescribed xanthones with antioxidative damage bioactivity to cardiomyocytes from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale.

The metabolites from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale hosted in the medicinal plant Tylophora ovata were investigated, and five undescribed xanthones, muyocoxanthones O-S, along with seven known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD calculations. Compounds were evaluated for their anti-cardiomyocyte oxidative damage activity using a model of oxidative damage induced by cell hypoxia incubation. Muyocoxanthones O-Q and blennolide L exhibited moderate activity against oxidative damage to cardiomyocytes with relative viabilities of 62.4, 54.8, 60.3 and 54.9%, respectively.

IOX-1 suppresses metastasis of osteosarcoma by upregulating histone H3 lysine trimethylation.

New therapeutic approaches are needed for metastatic osteosarcoma (OS), as survival rates remain low despite surgery and chemotherapy. Epigenetic changes, such as histone H3 methylation, play key roles in many cancers including OS, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, human OS tissue and OS cell lines displayed lower levels of histone H3 lysine trimethylation compared with normal bone tissue and osteoblast cells. Treating OS cells with the histone lysine demethylase inhibitor 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX-1) dose-dependently increased histone H3 methylation and inhibited cellular migratory and invasive capabilities, suppressed matrix metalloproteinase expression, reversed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing levels of epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin, and TWIST, and also reduced stemness properties. An analysis of cultivated MG63 cisplatin-resistant (MG63-CR) cells revealed lower histone H3 lysine trimethylation levels compared with levels in MG63 cells. Exposing MG63-CR cells to IOX-1 increased histone H3 trimethylation and ATP-binding cassette transporter expression, potentially sensitizing MG63-CR cells to cisplatin. In conclusion, our study suggests that histone H3 lysine trimethylation is associated with metastatic OS and that IOX-1 or other epigenetic modulators present promising strategies to inhibit metastatic OS progression.

Assessing the risks of children with preoperative comorbidities undergoing comminuted fracture surgery.

Introduction: Comminuted fractures are characterized by bones broken in at least two places, destabilizing the bone and requiring surgery. Children whose bones are still developing and maturing tend to have a higher risk of sustaining comminuted fractures as the result of trauma. Trauma is a major cause of death in children and constitutes a major issue in orthopedics because of the unique properties of children's bones compared to adult bones and the associated complications. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to refine the association between comorbid disease and comminuted fractures in pediatric subjects using a large, national database. All data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between comorbidities and comminuted fracture surgery and between various comorbidities and LOS or unfavorable discharge. Results: A total of 2,356,483 patients diagnosed with comminuted fractures were selected initially, of whom 101,032 patients aged younger than 18 years who underwent surgery for comminuted fractures were included. Study results suggest that patients with any comorbidities undergoing orthopedic surgery for comminuted fracture appear to have longer LOS and a higher proportion of discharge to long-term care facilities. Discussion: Almost all comorbidities were significantly associated with poor in-hospital outcomes and longer LOS. The analysis of comminuted fractures in children may provide useful information to help first responders and medical personnel evaluate and manage comminuted fractures appropriately.

Effect of monovalent and bivalent live attenuated vaccines against QX-like IBV infection in young chickens.

Since 1999, QX-like (GI-19) avian infectious bronchitis viruses have been the predominant strains in China till now. Vaccination is the most effective way to control the disease, while live attenuated vaccine is widely used. In the current research, we evaluated the effect of several monovalent and bivalent live IBV vaccines in young chickens against the QX-like (GI-19) IBV infection. The results showed that monovalent 4/91 and bivalent Ma5+LDT3 vaccines could provide efficient protection in day-old chickens that reduced morbidity and mortality, ameliorated histopathology lesions, and reduced viral loads were observed. These data suggest that vaccination through nasal route with monovalent 4/91 or bivalent Ma5+LDT3 in day-old chickens could serve a safe and effective vaccination strategy for controlling QX-like (GI-19) infectious bronchitis virus.

Tentative exploration of pharmacodynamic substances: Pharmacological effects, chemical compositions, and multi-components pharmacokinetic characteristics of ESZWD in CHF-HKYd rats.

The chemical components of Xin'an famous prescription Ershen Zhenwu Decoction (ESZWD) are still unclear. The results showed that ESZWD could significantly reduce left ventricular end diastolic diameter, decrease N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), angiotensinII, aldosterone, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde, increase serum superoxide dismutase, while had no significant effect on inflammatory factors. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis detected 30 prototype components in model rats' serum, mainly including alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, tanshinones, phenols. UPLC-MS/MS successfully detected the pharmacokinetic parameters of four components, and correlation analysis shows that there are negative correlations between four compounds and serum NT-proBNP. Thirty components of ESZWD may play a therapeutic role in chronic heart failure with heart-kidney Yang deficiency (CHF-HKYd) by improving myocardial injury, reducing oxidative stress levels, and inhibiting activation of the RAAS system in rats. Salsolinol, aconitine, paeoniflorin, and miltrione are equipped with potential characteristics as pharmacodynamic substances for ESZWD in treating CHF-HKYd. Additionally, the constituents of ESZWD in CHF-HKYd rats are different from normal rats, which provided a reference for the selection of subjects for further study.

Two sydowic acid derivatives and a sulfonyl metabolite from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii.

Two new sydowic acid derivatives, a pair of enantiomers, involving (+)-sydowiccal (1a) and (-)-sydowiccal (1b), a new sulfonyl metabolite of 2-methoxy-5-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenol (2), as well as three known sydowic acid derivatives, were isolated from Aspergillus sydowii, an endophytic fungus of Rhododendron mole. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by analyzing their NMR and HRESIMS data, and the absolute configurations of enantiomers were determined on the basis of the CD spectrum. Three new metabolites showed weak anti-inflammation on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Surgical Strategy to Decrease the Revision Rate of Fassier-Duval Nailing in the Lower Limbs of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

(1) Background: The Fassier−Duval (FD) nail was developed for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The aim of this study was to review the results of OI patients treated with the FD nail at our institution and discuss a surgical strategy to decrease the FD nail revision rate; (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed OI patients treated at our institution between 2015 and 2020. OI patients treated with FD nail insertion in the long bones of the lower extremities were included, and those with a follow-up duration <1 year or incomplete radiographs were excluded. Data on the type of OI, age, sex, use of bisphosphonate treatment, and nail failure were recorded; (3) Results: The final cohort consisted of seven patients (three females and four males) with ten femurs and ten tibiae involved. Six of the patients had type III OI, and one had type IV OI. An exchange of implant was required in 11 limbs. The average interval between previous FD nail insertion and revision surgery was 2.4 years; (4) Discussion: The main reasons for revision surgery were migration of the male/female component, refracture/nail bending, and delayed union. In the femur, migration of the female component or nail bending were common reasons for failure, while migration of the male component and delayed union were common in the tibia; (5) Conclusions: Surgery for OI patients is challenging, and physicians should aim to minimize complications and the need for revision. Sufficient depth of purchase, center−center nail position, and adequate osteotomy to correct bowing are the key factors when using the FD nail.

[Progress in pharmacodynamic basis, mechanism, and prediction of Q-markers of Zhenwu Decoction in treatment of chronic heart failure].

Zhenwu Decoction(ZWD) has a history of more than 1 800 years in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which is used to treat various diseases characterized by Yangqi deficiency and exuberant water and dampness. It is currently the classic prescription for the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF). This study provides a basis for the treatment of CHF with ZWD by elaborating the traditional efficacy, theoretical basis, and underlying mechanism of the prescription. Based on the research methods and judgment basis of quality markers(Q-markers) of Chinese medicine, the Q-markers of ZWD in the treatment of CHF were predicted from the aspects of transfer and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, compatibility environment, measurability, and processing. Demethyl-coclaurine,benzoylaconine, atractylenolide Ⅲ, paeoniflorin, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, pachymic acid, and dehydrotumulosic acid can be used as Q-markers of ZWD for treating CHF. The result provides a reference for exploring the pharmacodynamic substances of ZWD in the treatment of CHF.

WISP-3 Stimulates VEGF-C-Dependent Lymphangiogenesis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells by Inhibiting miR-196a-3p Synthesis.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor with high metastatic potential. Lymphangiogenesis is a critical biological step in cancer metastasis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP-3) regulates angiogenesis and facilitates chondrosarcoma metastasis, but the role of WISP-3 in chondrosarcoma lymphangiogenesis is unclear. In this study, incubation of chondrosarcoma cells with WISP-3 increased the production of VEGF-C, an important lymphangiogenic factor. Conditioned medium from WISP-3-treated chondrosarcoma cells significantly enhanced lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation. WISP-3-induced stimulation of VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis inhibited miR-196a-3p synthesis in the ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways. This evidence suggests that the WISP-3/VEGF-C axis is worth targeting in the treatment of lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma.

Identification of chemical constituents in vitro and in vivo of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction by utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction is a prescription for treating chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency, while its active ingredients remain unclear and difficult to identify. This paper aims to apply a rapid assay strategy of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to collect the mass spectrometry data of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction and its decomposed recipes (monarch, minister, and assist). By comparing with retention time and MSE fragmentation patterns, 67 and 34 components in vitro and in vivo were identified, respectively, the main ingredients include saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic acids, tanshinone, urea, steroids, aromatics, organic acids, carbohydrates, and so forth, of which the monarch medicine > minister medicine > assist medicine. By comparison with reference standards, paeoniflorin, rosmarinic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and atractylenolide III were identified in vitro and paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 were identified in vivo. In this study, the chemical ingredients of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology and each compound was grouped into the decomposed recipes. The identified substances can be used as references for Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction quality control and potential medicinal substances in chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency treatment.

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larval diet improves CD8+ lymphocytes proliferation to eliminate chicken coronavirus at an early infection stage.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), belonging to Gammacoronavirus, is an economically important respiratory virus affecting poultry industry worldwide. The virus can infect chickens at all ages, whereas young chickens (less than 15 day old) are more susceptible to it. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae (BSFL) on immune responses in IBV infected 10-day-old chickens. BSFL were ground to powder and mixed with commercial fodder (1%, 5%, and 10 % [mass] BSFL powder) to feed 1-day-old yellow broilers for ten days and then challenged with IBV. Our results indicated that commercial fodder supplemented with 10 % BSFL [mass] reduced mortalities (20 %) and morbidities (80 %), as well as IBV viral loads in tracheas (65.8 %) and kidneys (20.4 %) from 3-day post challenge (dpc), comparing to that of IBV-infected chickens fed with non-additive commercial fodder. Furthermore, at 3-day post challenge (dpc), 10 % BSFL [mass] supplemented chickens presented more CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and a rise in interferon-g (IFN-γ) at both mRNA and protein levels in spleens, comparing with chickens fed with commercial fodder. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance of MHC-I, Fas, LITAF, and IL-2 in the spleens of 10 % BSFL [mass] supplemented chickens increased at different time points after challenge. The present results suggest that supplemental BSFL could improve CD8+ T lymphocytes proliferation, thus benefit young chickens to defend against IBV infection.

Incidence and treatment of adult femoral fractures with osteogenesis imperfecta: An analysis of a center of 72 patients in Taiwan.

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disease characterized by increased bone fragility and susceptibility for fractures. Only few studies have compared the management for femoral fractures in children with OI. Nevertheless, no cohort studies have described the treatment for femoral fractures in adults with OI in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate and compare the incidence of union and non-union femoral fractures and the best treatment options to avoid non-union fractures. Methods: We enrolled 72 patients with OI who were older than 18 years at MacKay Memorial Hospital between January 2010 and December 2018. Femoral fracture incidence, non-union rate, and treatment modality were analyzed. Results: Of 72 patients with OI, 11 patients had femoral fractures and 4 patients of them had >1 femoral fracture. The incidence for all types of femoral fractures was 651 fractures per 100,000 person-years annually. In 15 total fractures, 4 fractures resulted in non-union, and patients with type 4 OI mostly had shaft fractures. The best outcomes for non-union shaft fracture is achieved by surgical treatment. Conclusion: Adults with OI tended to develop femoral fractures and non-unions. Adults with type 4 OI were particularly at high risk for non-unions in shaft fractures with conservative treatment.

Impact of violent video games and other factors on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of violent video games exposure, self control level and coping style on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai, and provide a basis for future interventions to effectively reduce adolescents aggressive behavior.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling was used to select 1 886 students of 4 public middle schools in Shanghai from May to June 2019. The data was collected included Violent Video Game Use Habits Questionnaire, Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire, Adolescent Self Control Dual System Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire.@*Results@#According to the potential profile analysis, the level of aggressive behavior of junior school students in Shanghai could be divided into four groups, which was low aggressive group，middle aggressive group one, middle aggressive group two and high aggressive group according to level of aggregate. After controlling for gender and age, multivariate Logistic regression showed that exposure to violent video games, impulse system and negative response were risk factors for aggressive behavior( P <0.05); using low aggressive group as control group，the OR of violent video games in other three groups were 1.26, 1.30 and 1.70 respectively. The OR of impulse system were 2.96 , 4.40 and 6.84 respectively. The OR of negative response were 1.17, 1.42 and 1.74 respectively. Positive response was a protective factor( P <0.05). Using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of positive in other three groups were 0.82, 0.52 and 0.49 respectively.@*Conclusion@#Violent video game exposure, impulsive system and negative coping style can increase the level of aggressive behavior of junior high school students, while positive coping style can reduce the level of aggression of junior middle school students.

System accuracy assessments with a blood glucose meter with combined glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate measurement capabilities.

Background: We evaluated the Wellion Galileo GLU/KET blood and ketone (ß-Hydroxybutyrate, ß-OHB) meter to demonstrate that it meets ISO15107:2015 regulatory approval criteria. Research Design and Methods: A total of 100 subjects (52 female, age: 30 to 84 years, diabetes: 10 type 1/90 type 2) with blood glucose levels distributed over the entire measurement range as required by the ISO15197 protocol were tested (double determinations with 3 strip lots and two devices). A similar test protocol was followed to test ß-OHB strip performance (reference devices: YSI 2300plus for glucose and STANBIO ß-HOB LiquiColor TestKit for ß-OHB). Precision was tested for glucose with 3 blood glucose concentrations (ß-OHB: 2 control solutions). Results: All glucose test-strip lots met the strict ISO acceptance criteria. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was 4.9% and all data pairs were in zone A of the consensus error grid. The ß-OHB test-strips also met the pre-defined acceptance criteria. Within-run and between-run precision was calculated to be 2.3% and 0.7% for the glucose strips (3.7%/0.8% for the ketone strips). Conclusions: When tested according to the ISO15197:2015 guideline, the device showed very accurate measurement performance for glucose and ß-OHB testing and fully met regulatory accuracy approval criteria.

Garcimultiflorone K inhibits angiogenesis through Akt/eNOS- and mTOR-dependent pathways in human endothelial progenitor cells.

Background Garcimultiflorone K is a novel polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol isolated from the stems of Garcinia multiflora that exhibits promising anti-angiogenic activity in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Purpose This study sought to determine the underlying anti-angiogenic mechanisms and pharmacological properties of garcimultiflorone K. Methods We examined the anti-angiogenic effects of garcimultiflorone K and its mechanisms of action using in vitro EPC models and in vivo zebrafish embryos. Results EPCs proliferation, migration, differentiation and capillary-like tube formation were effectively and concentration-dependently inhibited by garcimultiflorone K without any signs of cytotoxicity. Our investigations revealed that garcimultiflorone K suppressed EPCs angiogenesis through Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and eNOS signaling cascades. Notably, garcimultiflorone K dose-dependently impeded angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the anti-angiogneic effects of garcimultiflorone K in both in vitro and in vivo models. Garcimultiflorone K appears to have potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.

A new species of the genus Takydromus (Squamata, Lacertidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China.

A new species, Takydromus yunkaiensis J. Wang, Lyu, & Y.Y. Wang, sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from the Yunkaishan Nature Reserve located in the southern Yunkai Mountains, western Guangdong Province, China. The new species is a sister taxon to T. intermedius with a genetic divergence of 8.0-8.5% in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and differs from all known congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size moderate, SVL 37.8-56.0 mm in males, 42.6-60.8 mm in females; (2) dorsal ground color brown; ventral surface green to yellow-green, but light blue-green on chin and throat, posteriorly green in adult males; (3) dorsolateral lines paired, strikingly yellowish-white bordered by black above and below, invisible or indistinct in juveniles and adult females; (4) flanks of body blackish brown with light brown marks in adult males; (5) presence of four pairs of chin-shields; (6) four supraoculars on each side; (7) presence of a row of supracilary granules that separate supracilaries from supraoculars; (8) two postnasals; (9) enlarged dorsal scales in six longitudinal rows on trunk of body, with strong keel; (10) enlarged ventral scales in six longitudinal rows, strongly keeled in males, smooth but outermost rows weakly keeled in females; (11) enlarged and keeled lateral scales in a row above ventrals; (12) femoral pores 2-3 on each side; (13) subdigital lamellae 20-23 under the fourth finger, 23-30 under the fourth toe; and (14) the first 2-3 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe divided. The discovery of Takydromus yunkaiensis sp. nov. brings the total number of species of this genus to 24, of which nine occur in mainland China.

Senescence Induces Dysfunctions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Osteoblasts by Interfering Translational Machinery and Bioenergetic Homeostasis.

Age-related bone diseases are partly caused by impaired bone integrity, which are closely related to osteoblasts' activity and angiogenesis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the initiators of angiogenesis and found to have senescent-induced dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of senescence in EPCs on osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Human primary EPCs and a murine osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) are utilized in this study. The senescence of EPCs are induced by serial passages. When co-cultured with senescent EPCs, the osteoblasts demonstrate weakened alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineral deposition. On the other hand, osteoblast-induced migration decreases in senescent EPCs. As for the intracellular alterations of senescent EPCs, the activation of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, MnSOD and catalase are diminished. In contrast, the level of reactive oxygen species are significantly higher in senescent EPCs. Furthermore, senescent EPCs has decreased level intracellular ATP level and coupling efficiency for oxidative phosphorylation while the non-mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis are elevated. The senescence of EPCs impairs the functions of both osteoblasts and EPCs, suggesting EPCs' role in the pathophysiology of age-related bone diseases. Targeting the alterations found in this study could be potential treatments.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by suppressing miR-624-3p in human chondrosarcoma cells.

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone, and one of the most difficult bone tumors to diagnose and treat. It is well known that increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) promote active tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic tumor spread to regional lymph nodes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to promote metastasis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Knowing more about the mechanism of BDNF in VEGF-C expression and lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma would improve our understanding as how to prevent chondrosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis, which currently lacks effective adjuvant treatment. Here, we found that BDNF expression was at least 2.5-fold higher in the highly migratory JJ012(S10) cell line as compared with the primordial cell line (JJ012). In addition, VEGF-C expression and secretion was markedly increased in JJ012(S10) cells. Conditioned medium from JJ012(S10) cells significantly promoted migration and tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas knockdown of BDNF attenuated LEC migration and tube formation by suppressing VEGF-C production in JJ012(S10) cells. Mechanistic investigations indicated that BDNF facilitated VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis through the MEK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. We also showed that microRNA (miR)-624-3p expression was negatively regulated by BDNF via the MEK/ERK/mTOR cascade. Importantly, BDNF knockdown profoundly inhibited tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Further analyses identified that BDNF promoted tumor lymphangiogenesis by downregulating miR-624-3p in human chondrosarcoma tissues. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal the mechanism underlying BDNF-induced lymphangiogenesis. We suggest that BDNF may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the restriction of VEGF-C-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.