RESUMO
The use of alkaline salt lands for crop production is hindered by a scarcity of knowledge and breeding efforts for plant alkaline tolerance. Through genome association analysis of sorghum, a naturally high-alkaline-tolerant crop, we detected a major locus, Alkaline Tolerance 1 (AT1), specifically related to alkaline-salinity sensitivity. An at1 allele with a carboxyl-terminal truncation increased sensitivity, whereas knockout of AT1 increased tolerance to alkalinity in sorghum, millet, rice, and maize. AT1 encodes an atypical G protein γ subunit that affects the phosphorylation of aquaporins to modulate the distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These processes appear to protect plants against oxidative stress by alkali. Designing knockouts of AT1 homologs or selecting its natural nonfunctional alleles could improve crop productivity in sodic lands.
Assuntos
Álcalis , Produtos Agrícolas , Subunidades gama da Proteína de Ligação ao GTP , Proteínas de Plantas , Tolerância ao Sal , Sorghum , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Produtos Agrícolas/fisiologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Oryza/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Salinidade , Álcalis/análise , Álcalis/toxicidade , Bicarbonato de Sódio/análise , Bicarbonato de Sódio/toxicidade , Carbonatos/análise , Carbonatos/toxicidade , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Sorghum/genética , Sorghum/fisiologia , Subunidades gama da Proteína de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Subunidades gama da Proteína de Ligação ao GTP/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiologia , Aquaporinas/metabolismo , Produção Agrícola , Loci Gênicos , Solo/químicaRESUMO
Sorghum, the fifth largest cereal crop, has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing. Due to its high biomass and quality, it is also used as the second most planted silage resource. No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SbBADH2, we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves. Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable. We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.
Assuntos
Sorghum , Animais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Grão Comestível , Sementes , Sorghum/genéticaRESUMO
Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.
