A novel zirconium-based metal-organic framework covalently modified by methyl pyridinium bromide for mild and co-catalyst free conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates.

Building metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) covalently modified by onium halides is a promising approach to develop efficient MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides (CCE) into cyclic carbonates. Herein, we report a novel zirconium-based MOF covalently modified by methyl pyridinium bromide, Zr6O4(OH)4(MPTDC)2.2(N-CH3-MPTDC)3.8Br3.8 ((Br-)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1), where MPTDC denotes 3-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-thieno[2,3-b] thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate. The structure and composition of this complex were fully characterized with PXRD, NMR, XPS, TEM and so on. CO2 adsorption experiments show that (Br-)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1 has a higher affinity for CO2 than its electrically neutral precursor, which should be attributed to the fact that charging frameworks containing pyridinium salt have stronger polarization to CO2. (Br-)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1 integrated reactive Lewis acid sites and Br- nucleophilic anions and exhibited efficient catalytic activity for CCE under ambient pressure in the absence of co-catalysts and solvents. Furthermore, (Br-)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1 was recycled after five successive cycles without substantial loss in catalytic activity. The corresponding reaction mechanism also was speculated.

Impact of pharmaceutical care pathway established in hepatobiliary surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring medication safety due to their detailed understanding of the medication-use process. This study aimed to propose the concept of pharmaceutical care pathway (PCP) in surgical care and design the work pattern and workflow in the healthcare systems of China. SETTING: Data were collected from patients in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang in China between January 2019 and December 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using 346 patients in the control group and 363 in the intervention group. The control group was managed only by the clinical pathway (CP), while the intervention group was managed by the CP and PCP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), patient satisfaction, hospital expense, drug cost, length of stay, and prescription situations were documented. RESULTS: Using PCP, the rational use of drugs increased from 56% in the control group to 94.2% in the intervention group. Further, 124 (35.8%) ADRs in the control group and 44 (12.1%) ADRs in the intervention group were assessed using the Karch and -Lasagna scale. The mean hospital expense was 21,949.12 ± 2,311.25 yuan in the control group and 17,566.25 ± 1,082.56 yuan in the intervention group. The mean drug cost was 6,250.69 ± 589.35 yuan and 4,894.22 ± 356.14 yuan (1 US$ = 6.37 yuan). The mean length of stay was 12.23 ± 2.51 days and 8.35 ± 1.32 days in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Patient satisfaction increased significantly. CONCLUSION: PCP reduced the length of stay for patients and drug-related adverse events, increased the rational use of drugs, cost-effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and consequently, improved the quality of service in surgery medicine.

Clinical evaluation of modified ALPPS procedures based on risk-reduced strategy for staged hepatectomy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Radical resection remains the only curative treatment for liver tumors. Although associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) can increase the resection rate, huge controversy exists for high reported mortality and morbidity. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified ALPPS procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who were performed ALPPS in single-center in recent 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. The modified strategy included strict patient selection, precise future liver remnant (FLR) assessment and operation planning, and usage of minimally invasive methods. Data including clinical records, functional FLR increase, complications, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty patients underwent modified ALPPS procedure and recovered well. No severe complications happened after the 1-stage operation, and the increasing FLR was 179.3 cm3(±72.4 cm3), with similar functional FLR increase. The OS was 20.0 months (±4.5month). CONCLUSIONS: ALPPS could be a feasible treatment for complex liver tumors by risk-reduced modification. It could be expected to provide long-term survival for patients without enough FLR.

Comparative efficacies of nebulized budesonide and systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids are recommended by almost all international guidelines for the management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, due to their side effects, there are still concerns regarding the use of systemic corticosteroids (SCs). The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline states nebulized budesonide (NB) may be a suitable alternative to SCs for treating COPD exacerbations. We conducted this study to systematically compare the efficacies of NB and SCs by using a meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from database inception to 10 October 2019. Our main end points were change in pulmonary function and blood gas analysis. Secondary end points were numbers of exacerbations and hyperglycaemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of 645 identified studies, 6 were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 867 participants). Compared with SCs, NB was non-inferior on the change in FEV1 %predicted at 24 hours, 48-72 hours and 5-7 days; FEV1 at 5-7 days; FEV1 /FVC at 7 days. For blood gas analysis, our meta-analysis indicated that PaO2 , PaCO2 at 24 hours, 48-72 hours and 7-10 days and SaO2 at 24 hours and 7-10 days showed a non-significant difference in both groups, whereas the SaO2 was significant higher in NB group at 48-72 hours after treatment. Hyperglycaemia was less frequent with NB (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.85; P = .04). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Based on our meta-analysis, NB was not inferior to SCs when used in the treatment of COPD exacerbations. However, additional well-designed prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal dose of nebulized budesonide and the effects of nebulized budesonide in outpatients, or patients in ICU settings.

Phenyl Groups Result in the Highest Benzene Storage and Most Efficient Desulfurization in a Series of Isostructural Metal-Organic Frameworks.

A series of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs; NENU-511-NENU-514), which all have high surface areas and strong adsorption capacities, have been successfully constructed by using mixed ligands. NENU-513 has the highest benzene capacity of 1687 mg g(-1) at 298 K, which ranks as the top MOF material among those reported up to now. This NENU series has been used for adsorptive desulfurization because of its permanent porosity. The results indicate that this series has a higher adsorptive efficiency in the removal of organosulfur compounds than other MOF materials, especially NENU-511, which has the highest adsorptive efficiency in the ambient atmosphere. This study proves that the design and synthesis of targeted MOFs with higher surface areas and with functional groups present is an efficient method to enhance benzene-storage capacity and the adsorption of organosulfur compounds.

pH-induced different crystalline behaviors in extended metal-organic frameworks based on the same reactants.

pH-induced different crystalline behaviors based on the same reactants and reaction conditions are illustrated by our present study. Compound has been used for the adsorption and delivery of 5-FU.

Control of interpenetration in S-containing metal-organic frameworks for selective separation of transition metal ions.

Two S-containing MOFs, interpenetrating and non-interpenetrating , were synthesized by altering solvent size. The nanoporous reveals high selective adsorption for Cu(2+) ions and has been applied as a chromatographic column for separating transition metal ions for the first time.

Serendipitous anion-templated self-assembly of a sandwich-like Ag20S10 macrocycle-based high-nuclearity luminescent nanocluster.

The first macrocycle-based high-nuclearity nanocluster [Ag(20)(S(t)Bu)(10)(CF(3)COO)(2)](8+) in complex 1, with a sandwich-like structure constructed by bilevel inversion Ag(5)S(5) pentagrams and an interlayer Ag(10) ring, has been obtained. Structure analysis indicates that Cl(-) acts as an anion template to direct the formation of 1. In addition, the photoluminescent property of complex 1 is also investigated.

Controllable synthesis of a non-interpenetrating microporous metal-organic framework based on octahedral cage-like building units for highly efficient reversible adsorption of iodine.

A novel non-interpenetrating metal-organic framework IFMC-15 was successfully constructed based on octahedral cage-like building units and its outstanding performance in reversible adsorption of iodine was investigated.

Zeolitic Imidazolate framework-8 as efficient pH-sensitive drug delivery vehicle.

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), for the first time for ZIFs, exhibits a remarkable capacity for the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), around 660 mg of 5-FU/g of ZIF-8, and presents a pH-triggered controlled drug release property. These prove ZIF-8 to be a valuable candidate for delivery of anticancer agents and reveal its potential applications in the treatment of cancer.

An unprecedented organic-inorganic hybrid based on the first {Nb10V4O40(OH)2}(12-) clusters and copper cations.

An unprecedented organic-inorganic hybrid {[Cu(6)L(6)(H(2)O)(3)][Nb(10)V(4)O(40)(OH)(2)]}(2)·13H(2)O (1) (L = 1,10-phenanthroline) containing the unreported {Nb(10)V(4)O(40)(OH)(2)}(12-) building blocks has been successfully synthesized and its photoluminescent properties, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction were investigated.

A series of pillar-layer metal-organic frameworks based on 5-aminoisophthalic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine.

Four new compounds, [Cd(5-aip)(bpy)]·1.5DMA (1), [Cu(5-aip)(bpy)]·1.3DMA (2), [Co(5-aip)(bpy)]·1.6DMA (3), and [Cd(5-aip)(bpy)(0.5)(H(2)O)]·1.3DMA (4), based on 5-aminoisophthalic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine, have been synthesized by the solvothermal method and structurally determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-3 are structurally similar and show non-interpenetrating three-dimensional (3D) pillar-layer frameworks, while compound 4 displays a two-dimensional (2D) (3,4)-connected parallel non-interpenetrating architecture. In all these compounds, 1D rectangular channels are observed and the ligand 5-aminoisophthalic acid exhibits three kinds of coordination modes. Furthermore, 1 displays a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation when immersed in a methanol solution. More significantly, 1 can absorb and deliver I(2) molecules by means of its channels, and could induce a reversible luminescent transformation from quenching to the initial state. The luminescent properties of 1 and 4 have also been studied.

Auxiliary ligand induced structural allomorphism in nanotubular microporous metal-organic frameworks based on discrete magnesium clusters.

Three allomorphs with the same stoichiometry, [Mg(3)(H(2)O)(4)(5-aip)(2)(5-Haip)(2)]·4DMA, were solvothermally synthesized in the presence of different additives and represented the first 8-connected nanotubular networks in Mg-based metal-organic frameworks. The adsorption and delivery of drugs were also determined.

Chiral nanoporous metal-organic frameworks with high porosity as materials for drug delivery.

A chiral nanoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) with high porosity is obtained based on nontoxic zinc and achiral hexadentate ligand. It shows high drug loading and slow release of the proportion of the loaded drug with a complete delivery time of about one week when used as a material for adsorption and delivery of anticancer 5-fluorouracil.

Stepwise assembly of metal-organic framework based on a metal-organic polyhedron precursor for drug delivery.

A 12-connected network with fcu topology was firstly reported focusing on using predesigned metal-organic polyhedron (MOP) as the precursor, and its adsorption and delivery of the drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was also determined.

Step-wise synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid based on γ-octamolybdate-based tectons.

With the bottom-up design principle, we use metal-ions to bridge the predesigned tectons (1 [(H(2)L(1))(2)(Mo(8)O(26))]·4H(2)O and 3 [(H(2)L(2))(L(2))(0.5)(Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)]·H(2)O) so that two higher dimensional γ-octamolybdate based inorganic-organic hybrid compounds 2 [Cu(I)(2)(L(1))(3)(Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)] and 4 [Ni(L(2))(2)(HL(2))(2)(Mo(8)O(26))]·4H(2)O are successfully obtained.

Molecular validation of multiple allele inheritance for dominant genic male sterility gene in Brassica napus L.

Dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) has been playing an increasingly important role, not only as a tool for assisting in recurrent selection but also as an alternative approach for efficient production of hybrids. Previous studies indicate that fertility restoration of DGMS is the action of another unlinked dominant gene. Recently, through classical genetic analysis with various test populations we have verified that in a DGMS line 609AB the trait is inherited in a multiple allelic pattern. In this study, we applied molecular marker technology to provide further validation of the results. Eight amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers tightly linked to the male sterility allele (Ms) were identified in a BC1 population from a cross between 609A (a sterile plant in 609AB) and a temporary maintainer GS2467 as recurrent parent. Four out of the eight markers reproduced the same polymorphism in a larger BC(1) population generated with microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) parents (S148 and S467). The two nearest AFLP markers SA12MG14 and P05MG15, flanking the Ms locus at respective distances of 0.3 centiMorgan (cM) and 1.6 cM, were converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers designated SC6 and SC9. Based on the sequence difference of the marker P05MG15 between S148 and a DH restorer line S103, we further developed a SCAR marker SC9f that is specific to the restorer allele (Mf). The map distance between SC9f and Mf was consistent with that between SC9 and Ms allele. Therefore, successful conversion of the marker tightly linked to Ms into a marker tightly linked to Mf suggested that the restoration for DGMS in 609AB is controlled by an allele at the Ms locus or a tightly linked gene (regarded as an allele in practical application). The Ms and Mf-specific markers developed here will facilitate the breeding for new elite homozygous sterile lines and allow further research on map-based cloning of the Ms gene.

[Linkage map construction and mapping of a dominant genic male sterility gene (Ms) in Brassica napus].

A backcross population derived from a cross between the dominant genic male sterile line Rs1046A and the double-low cultivar 'Samourai' was used for linkage map construction in Brassica napus. A linkage map with a total length of 2 646 cM was developed using 138 AFLP markers, 83 SSR markers and one morphology trait, which were distributed over 18 major linkage groups, two triplets and one linkage pair. 11.7% of the mapped markers distorted from the expected 1:1 ratio. The dominant genic male sterility gene (Ms) was mapped in LG10 and surrounded by five closely linked AFLP markers. Meanwhile,two evident marker segregation distortion regions were observed in both LG8 and LG16. The map constructed in the present study and the mapping of Ms gene are highly valuable in designing marker-assisted breeding program for the genic male sterile two-type line in Brassica napus. They are also important to map-based cloning of the Ms gene and to better understanding of the mechanism of genic male sterility at molecular level.

Transcriptional control of orf224/atp6 by the pol CMS restorer Rfp gene in Brassica napus L.

In order to investigate effects of fertility restorer gene Rfp on expression of orf224/atp6, Northern analyses of floral mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) from polima (pol) CMS three lines were conducted using 10 probes of mitochondrial genes in this paper. Differences in transcriptional patterns were observed only with the probes atp6, orf224 and orf222. The atp6 probe detected a single, 1.1 kb transcript with strong abundance in the male fertile 1141B (nap cytoplasm). In the male sterile 1141A (pol cytoplasm) and fertile restorer line 1141R (pol cytoplasm), levels of this transcript appeared greatly reduced, and two longer transcripts of 2.2 and 1.9 kb were observed. Compared with 1141A, levels of the 2.2 and 1.9 kb transcripts appeared to be slightly reduced in the restorer line 1141R, and two additional transcripts of 1.3 and 1.4 kb were observed. The results suggested that the expression of orf224/atp6 gene region was associated with pol CMS and regulated by Rfp gene. In contrast to floral buds of the male sterile 1141A, the 1.4 kb transcript specific to fertility-restored plants was also observed in seedlings of 1141A. Possible mechanisms by which transcriptional alteration of orf224/atp6 between floral buds and seedlings of 1141A may be related to nuclear genotypes and relatively low temperature are discussed.