Advanced Ag nanoparticles for the catalyzation of glyoxylic acid oxidation in through-holes electroless copper metallization.

Advanced Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared by wet chemical oxidation-reduction method, using mainly the tannic acid as reducing agent and carboxymethylcellulose sodium as stabilizer. The prepared Ag NPs uniformly disperse and are stable for more than one month without agglomeration. The studies of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy indicate that the Ag NPs are in homogeneous sphere with only 4.4 nm average size and narrow particle size distribution. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the Ag NPs behave excellent catalytic activity for electroless copper plating using glyoxylic acid as reducing agent. In situ fourier transform infrared (in situ FTIR) spectroscopic analysis combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation illustrate that the molecular oxidation of glyoxylic acid catalyzed by Ag NPs is as the following routes: glyoxylic acid molecule first is adsorbed on Ag atoms with carboxyl oxygen terminal, then hydrolyzed to diol anionic intermediate, and last oxidized to oxalic acid. Time-resolved in situ FTIR spectroscopy further reveals the real-time reactions of electroless copper plating as follows: glyoxylic acid is continuously oxidized to oxalic acid and releases electrons at the active catalyzing spots of Ag NPs, and Cu(II) coordination ions are in situ reduced by the electrons. Based on the excellent catalytic activity, the advanced Ag NPs can replace the expensive Pd colloids catalyst and successfully apply in through-holes metallization of printed circuit board (PCB) by electroless copper plating.

Suppressing Sulfite Dimerization at a Polarized Gold Electrode/Water Solution Interface for High-Quality Gold Electrodeposition.

Solid/liquid interfacial structure occupies great importance in chemistry, biology, and materials. In this paper, by combining EC-SERS study and DFT calculation, we reveal the adsorption and dimerization of sulfite (SO32-) at a gold electrode/water solution interface, and establish an adsorption displacement strategy to suppress the dimerization of sulfite. At the gold electrode/sodium sulfite solution interface, at least two layers of SO32- anions are adsorbed on the electrode surface. As the applied potential shifts negatively, the adsorption strength of the first SO32- layer is weakened gradually and then is dimerized with the second orientated SO32- layer to form S2O52-, and S2O52- is further reduced to S2O32-. After hydroxyethylene disphosphonic acid (HEDP) is introduced to the gold electrode/sodium sulfite solution interface, the second oriented SO32- layer is replaced by a HEDP coadsorption layer. This results in the first layer of SO32- being desorbed directly without any structural transformation or chemical reaction as the potential shifts negatively. The suppression of sulfite dimerization by HEDP is more clear at the gold electrode/gold sulfite solution interface owing to the electroreduction of gold ions. Furthermore, the electrochemical studies and electrodeposition experiments show that as the sulfite dimerization reaction is suppressed, the electroreduction of gold ions is accelerated, and the deposited gold coating is bright and dense with finer grains.

[Synthesis and antitumor activity of cinnamoyloxy phosphonate derivatives].

In search of more effective anticancer agents, twelve compounds were designed and synthesized via microwave-assisted reactions of cinnamoyl chloride with α-hydroxyphosphonate. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and elemental analysis. Bioassay of the compounds were tested. They exhibited certain antitumor activities. Especially, compound 3c had obvious inhibitory effect on growth of SGC-7901 cells in vitro at 20 µmol·L(-1), and compound 3h showed better inhibitory effect on growth of SGC-7901 cells in vitro at 5 µmol·L(-1), the inhibition ratio were 68.8% and 48.0%, respectively.

[Synthesis and antitumor activity of phosphonate derivatives containing amino acid].

In search of effective anticancer agents, fifteen new phosphonate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were clearly established by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR, and their antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay. Preliminary results in bioactivity tests indicated that some title compounds exhibited better activity. Among the active compounds, compounds 4e, 4n had better inhibition effect on A-549 cells growth with IC(50) values of 8.7 ± 0.8, 8.2 ± 1.0 µmol·L(-1), the IC(50) values of compound 4c was 9.8 ± 0.9 µmol·L(-1) against SGC-7901 cells and compounds 4l, 4n exhibited more potent activities against EC-109 with IC(50) values of 9.5 ± 0.6, 9.4 ± 0.5 µmol·L(-1).

[Design, synthesis and antitumor activities of novel E-substituted 2,3-diaryl propenoic acyloxy phosphonate derivatives].

According to the super-position principle of the reinforcement of biological activities, a series of novel E-substituted 2, 3-diaryl propenoic acyloxy phosphonate derivatives were designed and synthesized. And the structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of all compounds on A-549, SGC-7901 and EC-109 in vitro were evaluated by MTT assay, and some of them showed good antitumor activity. Among the active compounds, especially, the IC50 value of compound 3e was (12.7 ± 1.9) µmol x L(-1) against A-549 cells, similar to cisplatin [IC50 = (8.0 ± 1.5) µmol x L(-1)], compounds 3g and 3k had better inhibition effect on EC-109 cells growth, with the IC50 values of (9.5 ± 1.8) µmol x L(-1) and (11.5 ± 0.9) µmol x L(-1) respectively, and compounds 3i and 3k exhibited good cytotoxic property on A-549, SGC-7901 and EC-109, which were worth further investigation.

[Analysis on the diagnosis and treatment of a cluster of cases infected by new bunyavirus].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics, experience of diagnosis and treatment of cases infected by new bunyavirus, which occurred in Henan province in 2010. METHODS: The clinical characteristics and effect of diagnosis and treatment of 5 cases were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method. Blood specimens were detected by RT-PCR and pathogen separation. RESULTS: PCR testing was positive for all 5 cases. New bunyavirus were isolated from 2 cases. In 5 cases, fever (5/5), the whole body aches (5/5), fatigue (5/5), anorexia (5/5), nausea (5/5), the chills (4/5), cough (4/5), expectoration (4/5), vomiting (3/5), conjunctival hyperemia (3/5); Leukocyte reduction (5/5), thrombocytopenia (5/5), elevated alanine aminotransferase (4/5), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (4/5), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (5/5), creatine kinase elevations (4/5), urinary protein (3/5). By symptomatic and supportive treatment and prophylactic antibiotics, the first case died and the other 4 cases were cured. The average course of disease was 15.4 days. CONCLUSION: Cases infected by new bunyavirus have complicated clinical feature and multiple organ damage. If symptomatic treatment is in time, prognosis will be good.

[Comparison of rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences in asparagus].

OBJECTIVE: Using ITS sequence of nine species to identify counterfeiting medicine and analyse phylogenetic of Asparagus. METHODS: Analysing ITS sequences by amplification, cloning,sequencing and alignment. RESULTS: The length range of ITS sequence of nine species was from 711 to 748 bp, the percentage of G + C content was about 60%. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the ITS sequences showed that nine species were divided into two branches: Asparagus cochinchinensis, Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus densiflorus, Asparagus densiflorus cv. Myers and Asparagus densiflorus cv. Sprengeri were a branch and the others were a branch. Asparagus densiflorus and Asparagus densflorus cv. Myers those were from Africa had priority to clustering and then clustering with Asparagus densiflorus cv. Sprengeri that was a variant of Asparagus densiflorus in the first branch. Asparagus setaceus had relatively distant genetic relationship with the others three materials in another branch. CONCLUSIONS: The ITS sequences could distinguish species of Asparagus to test the counterfeit. Division status in phylogenetic tree of some species were debatable and ITS sequence was combined with others analytical tools to analyze the realistic phylogeny.

Synthesis and antiviral bioactivities of 2-cyano-3-substituted-amino(phenyl) methylphosphonylacrylates (acrylamides) containing alkoxyethyl moieties.

An efficient reaction under microwave irradiation has been developed for the synthesis of a series of novel 2-cyano-3-substituted-amino(phenyl) methylphosphonylacrylates (acrylamides) II. The products obtained in shorter reaction time with moderate yields are fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR spectral data. The role of introducing various substituents and the effect of incorporating alpha-aminophosphonates with an alkoxyethyl moiety into the parent cyanoacrylate (acrylamide) structure are investigated. Among the studied compounds, both II-17 and II-24 displayed good in vivo curative, protection, and inactivation effects, which were comparable to those of the commercial reference ningnanmycin (inhibitory rates of 58.8, 60.2, 78.9% and 60.0, 58.9, 85.5%, respectively, at 500 mg/L against TMV). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis and antiviral activity of the title compounds II.