Asymmetric magma plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount based on full waveform inversion of seismic data.

The architecture of magma plumbing systems plays a fundamental role in volcano eruption and evolution. However, the precise configuration of crustal magma reservoirs and conduits responsible for supplying eruptions are difficult to explore across most active volcanic systems. Consequently, our understanding of their correlation with eruption dynamics is limited. Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with known eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. Here we present high-resolution images of P-wave velocity, attenuation, and estimates of temperature and partial melt beneath the summit of Axial Seamount, derived from multi-parameter full waveform inversion of a 2D multi-channel seismic line. Multiple magma reservoirs, including a newly discovered western magma reservoir, are identified in the upper crust, with the maximum melt fraction of ~15-32% in the upper main magma reservoir (MMR) and lower fractions of 10% to 26% in other satellite reservoirs. In addition, a feeding conduit below the MMR with a melt fraction of ~4-11% and a low-velocity throat beneath the eastern caldera wall connecting the MMR roof with eruptive fissures are imaged. These findings delineate an asymmetric shallow plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount, providing insights into the magma pathways that fed recent eruptions.

Determinants of intention with remote health management service among urban older adults: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology perspective.

Background: Although older adults health management systems have been shown to have a significant impact on health levels, there remains the problem of low use rate, frequency of use, and acceptance by the older adults. This study aims to explore the significant factors which serve as determinants of behavioral intention to use the technology, which in turn promotes actual use. Methods: This study took a total of 402 urban older adults over 60 years to explore the impact of the use behavior toward remote health management (RHM) through an online questionnaire. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the author adds four dimensions: perceived risk, perceived value, perceived interactivity and individual innovation, constructed an extended structural equation model of acceptance and use of technology, and analyzed the variable path relationship. Results: In this study, the factor loading is between 0.61 and 0.98; the overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficients are >0.7; The composite reliability ranges from 0.59 to 0.91; the average variance extraction ranges from 0.51 to 0.85, which shows the good reliability, validity, and discriminant validity of the constructed model. The influencing factors of the behavioral intention of the older adults to accept the health management system are: effort expectation, social influences, perceived value, performance expectation, perceived interactivity and perceived risk. Effort expectation has a significant positive impact on performance expectation. Individual innovation positively impacts performance expectation and perceived interactivity. Perceived interactivity and behavioral intention have a significant positive effect on the use behavior of the older adults, while the facilitating conditions have little effect on the use behavior. Conclusions: This paper constructs and verifies the extended model based on UTAUT, fully explores the potential factors affecting the use intention of the older adult users. According to the research findings, some suggestions are proposed from the aspects of effort expectation, performance expectation, perceived interaction and perceived value to improve the use intention and user experience of Internet-based health management services in older adults.

The Impact of Fitness Influencers on a Social Media Platform on Exercise Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Parasocial Relationships.

In the context of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, fitness influencers on social media are greatly involved in people's home fitness processes, but there is limited research examining the role of fitness influencers on social media in exercise intention. This study aimed to explore whether people's perceptions of the personal attributes and content quality of fitness influencers can promote a strong emotional connection between the two, thereby influencing people's exercise intentions. Based on the theory of the parasocial relationship, we investigated the influence of social attractiveness (SA), physical attractiveness (PA), task attractiveness (TA), and content quality (CQ) of fitness influencers on the parasocial relationships (PSRs) between viewers and fitness influencers on social media and whether PSRs positively contribute to viewers' exercise intentions (EI). The results revealed that SA, PA, TA, and CQ have positive influences on PSRs and CQ; PSRs directly contribute to EI; and PSRs have a mediating effect between EI and CQ. This study provides new insights into understanding the relationship between fitness influencers and people's online fitness behaviors.

Integrating machine learning into path analysis for quantifying behavioral pathways in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes.

The behavioral pathways in traffic crashes describe the chained linkages among contributing factors, pre-crash road user behaviors, and crash outcomes. Bicyclists are more vulnerable than motorists on road and their pre-crash behaviors play an essential role in the pathways leading to injuries. The objective of this study is to develop a methodological framework that integrates machine learning with path analysis to quantify behavioral pathways in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes. Specifically, two sets of models are developed for predicting: 1) pre-crash behaviors given contributing factors and 2) bicyclist injury severity given contributing factors including pre-crash behaviors. The path analysis chains machine learning models to establish the indirect linkages between contributing factors and injury severities through correlates of pre-crash behaviors. This study explored five machine learning methods, including Random Forest (RF), Categorical Naive Bayes (CNB), Support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost (Boost), and Neural network (NN). To reduce the bias of any single model, this study proposes a technique to combine model estimates by averaging marginal effects. This study used a dataset containing 9,296 bicycle-motor vehicle crashes to demonstrate the application of the framework. Across five machine learning models, the signs of marginal effects generally agree but their magnitudes vary substantially. The pre-crash behavior of "bicyclist failed to yield" increases bicyclist injury severity by 1.11%. The path analysis results highlighted contributing factors related to risky pre-crash behaviors that lead to severe injuries, such as bicyclist intoxication. The framework is expected to support agencies' decision-making to improve cycling safety by reducing unsafe behaviors on roads.

Determinants of Satisfaction With Hospital Online Appointment Service Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: How did older adults who had to use online medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic bridge the "digital divide"? Taking Internet-based appointment service (IBAS) as an example, this study aimed to investigate the subjective feelings of older adults and evaluate their user-satisfaction. METHODS: This study was based on data from a questionnaire survey involving 325 outpatients 60 years old in shanghai during the COVID-19 pandemic. The satisfaction of IBAS was evaluated and compared from six domains including convenience, visiting time, correct identification of specialists, on-site assist service, COVID-19 prevention, and privacy protection. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between satisfaction and social factors. RESULTS: No significant difference between older adults with or without previous experience using IBAS in terms of overall satisfaction. In the domain of operation difficulty (81.9 vs. 97.5%) and precise medicine (88.1 vs. 96.9%), such as correctly identifying the specialist, the satisfaction of previous user group was significantly higher than that of first-time user group. However, there was no significant difference in the remaining four domains between the two groups. Among the first time IBAS users, the satisfaction was higher than the walk-in registration they used before. Logistic regression revealed that some "intention to use IBAS"-associated social factors such as distance from the hospital, living status, and frequency of hospital visit, were related to the satisfaction of older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Driven by the external pandemic and internal intention, older adults would choose and manage network medical resources with their high satisfaction, which essentially demonstrates not only behavioral adjustment but also inner acceptance in older adults. Our findings support the need for promoting the driving force of older adults in using Internet-based medical service as well as transforming the design factors and behavior patterns.

A deep learning method and device for bone marrow imaging cell detection.

Background: Morphological analysis of bone marrow cells is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of leukemia. However, due to the diverse morphology of bone marrow cells, extensive experience and patience are needed for morphological examination. automatic diagnosis system through the comprehensive application of image analysis and pattern recognition technology is urgently needed to reduce work intensity, error probability and improves work efficiency. Methods: In this article, we establish a new morphological diagnosis system for bone marrow cell detection based on the deep learning object detection framework. The model is based on the Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN), a classical object detection model. The system automatically detects bone marrow cells and determines their types. As specimens have severe long-tail distribution, i.e., the frequency of different types of cells varies dramatically, we proposed a general score ranking loss to solve such a problem. The general score ranking loss considers the ranking relationship between positive and negative samples and optimizes the positive sample with a higher classification probability value. Results: We verified this system with 70 bone marrow specimens of leukemia patients, which proved that it can realize intelligent recognition with high efficiency. The software is finally integrated into the microscope system to build an augmented reality system. Conclusions: Clinical tests show that the response speed of the newly developed diagnostic system is faster than that of trained diagnostic experts.

Internet-Based Medical Service Use and Eudaimonic Well-Being of Urban Older Adults: A Peer Support and Technology Acceptance Model.

Currently, internet services are developing rapidly, and the relationship between specific types of internet services and the well-being of older adults is still unclear. This study took a total of 353 urban older adults aged 60 years and above as research objects to explore the impact of the use behavior toward internet-based medical services (IBMS) on their well-being through an online questionnaire. This study integrated well-being theory and peer support theory, constructed an extended structural equation model of technology acceptance based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), and analyzed the variable path relationship. The results confirm the proposed model: older adults improved their eudaimonic well-being through using IBMS; perceived usefulness significantly affected the older adults' attitudes towards IBMS; perceived ease of use significantly affected the use of IBMS through mediation; peer support significantly affected older adults' attitudes, willingness, actual use, and well-being in the process. This study proposes that facilitating IBMS use for older adults in the development and design of internet technology programs should be considered in order to provide them with benefits. Moreover, paying attention to peer support among older adults plays an important role in the acceptance of new technologies and improving their well-being. The "peer support" of this study expanded and contributed to the research on the impact on older adults' well-being and the construction of a technology acceptance model. The peer support in this study extended the influence factor of eudaimonic well-being and contributed to the further development of the TAM.

Effectiveness of resampling methods in coping with imbalanced crash data: Crash type analysis and predictive modeling.

Crash data analysis is commonly subjected to imbalanced data. Varied by facility and control types, some crash types are more frequent than others. However, uncommon crash types are routinely more severe and associated with higher economic and societal costs, and thus crucial to prevent. It is paramount to develop inferential models that can reliably predict crash types and identify attributing factors, especially for the severe types. The current process of modeling towards infrequent events generally disregards disparity in data representation, which can lead to biased models. Therefore, mitigating and managing imbalanced data is essential to the development of meaningful and robust models that help reveal effective countermeasures. This study focuses on comparing the effects of resampling techniques on the performance of both machine learning and classical statistical models for classifying and predicting different crash types on freeways. Specifically, a mixed sampling approach featuring a cluster-based under-sampling coupled with three popular over-sampling methods (i.e., random over-sampling, synthetic minority over-sampling, and adaptive synthetic sampling) were investigated with respect to four crash classification models, including three ensemble machine learning models (CatBoost, XGBoost, and Random Forests) and one classic statistical model (Nested Logit). This study concluded that all three resampling methods consistently enhanced the performance of all models. Among the three over-sampling methods, the adaptive synthetic sampling approach performed best and tremendously improved the prediction of minority crash types without impeding the prediction of the majority crash type. This is likely due to the density-based approach of adaptive synthetic sampling in creating synthetic instances that are more congruent with the underlying manifold structure embodied in the high-dimensional feature space.

Detection of the chiral drug Ephedrine by resonance Rayleigh scattering based on Ce3+ functionalized gold nanoparticles.

Two chiral drugs, ephedrine (EH) and pseudoephedrine (PEH), were commonly used in clinical treatment. Ephedrine (EH) and pseudoephedrine (PEH) could make different changes in resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum of the detection system which use Ce3+ functionalized gold nanoparticles as probe. Therefore, a new method of detecting EH and PEH separately was developed. The RRS spectrum and UV-Vis absorption spectrum of AuNPs-Ce3+ detection system was analyzed in order to discuss the mechanism. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of EH and PEH were 20-920 ng/mL and 40-520 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limit were 1.9 ng/mL and 3.8 ng/mL, respectively. Last used for actual testing, this method had obtained good results.

Graphene oxide and Lambda exonuclease assisted screening of L-carnitine aptamers and the site-directed mutagenesis design of C-rich structure aptamer.

In this study, Graphene Oxide (GO) was used to screen the binding with the aptamers of L-carnitine chiral enantiomers. The ssDNA library was prepared by the method of Lambda exonuclease. In addition, a simple casing device was designed to improve the purification and recovery efficiency of the small ssDNA fragments in the process of screening. Finally, more than 160,000 aptamer sequences were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. We determined the strongest affinity aptamer sequence, CA04, by the Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technology. We also analyzed the key binding sites (in the 16th position case) of the truncated aptamer sequence CAD10. Interestingly, we found that aptamer CA10 and CA06 were both C-rich bases through sequence alignment and analysis, and the aptamer CA10 was confirmed that the CA10 and CA06 were formed under acidic conditions (pH 4.5) by CD spectrum and ESI-MS analysis. The interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and functionalized aptamer CA10 was analyzed. We used Site-directed mutagenesis design and QGRS Mapper to optimize aptamer CA10, where an optimal aptamer CA10-03 were obtained after affinity analysis. It is also proved to be an effective method to obtain stronger affinity aptamer. Meanwhile, Native-PAGE and UV spectrum analysis were performed on the mutation sequences, and the interaction with ThT was analyzed. Finally, it is hoped that my study can provide help for later identification and detection of L-carnitine.

Rapid detection of chiral drug ephedrine using erythrosin B for the resonance Rayleigh scattering probe.

Ephedrine (EH) and pseudoephedrine (PEH), which are chiral enantiomers commonly used clinically, have different pharmacological actions and treatment effects due to their chiral nature. In the presence of Pd2+ , the reaction system of Ery B (erythrosin B)-Pd2+ has a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity. Adding EH into this system reduced the RRS intensity, but PEH could not produce this phenomenon. The chiral recognition of these enantiomers could be achieved according to this spectral difference. At the same time, reduction in RRS strength of the reaction system is proportional to the concentration of EH. Under optimized conditions, the linear range is 40-960 ng/ml, and the detection limit is 3.9 ng/ml. A new method for the rapid detection of EH enantiomers can be established. Based on this assay, a new method for the determination of the chiral enantiomers of EH and PEH can be developed.

LncRNA TUG1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Migration and Invasion Via Targeting the miR-137/AKT2 Axis.

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of TUG1 on the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells. Materials and Methods: The expressions of TUG1, miR-137, and AKT2 were detected in hepatoma tissues and cells by performing quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlations among TUG1, miR-137, and AKT2 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, and Pearson test was performed to analyze their relevance. The effects of TUG1, miR-137, and AKT2 on viability, migration, and invasion of transfected hepatoma cells were detected by CCK-8, wound scratch, and Transwell. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein levels were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Results: TUG1 was highly expressed in hepatoma tissues and cells. Silencing TUG1 expression inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells. TUG1 targeted miR-137 and the two was negatively correlated, and silencing TUG1 expression inhibited the effects of low-expressed miR-137 on promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells. AKT2 was predicted to be the target gene for miR-137, and the two were negatively correlated. Moreover, inhibiting miR-137 expression promoted the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and N-cadherin and inhibited E-cadherin expression, while silencing TUG1 expression reversed the effects of low-expressed miR-137 on EMT-related protein levels. Conclusion: LncRNA TUG1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion through targeting the miR-137/AKT2 axis.

Seismic evidence for subduction-induced mantle flows underneath Middle America.

Laboratory experiments and geodynamic simulations demonstrate that poloidal- and toroidal-mode mantle flows develop around subduction zones. Here, we use a new 3-D azimuthal anisotropy model constructed by full waveform inversion, to infer deep subduction-induced mantle flows underneath Middle America. At depths shallower than 150 km, poloidal-mode flow is perpendicular to the trajectory of the Middle American Trench. From 300 to 450 km depth, return flows surround the edges of the Rivera and Atlantic slabs, while escape flows are inferred through slab windows beneath Panama and central Mexico. Furthermore, at 700 km depth, the study region is dominated by the Farallon anomaly, with fast axes perpendicular to its strike, suggesting the development of lattice-preferred orientations by substantial stress. These observations provide depth-dependent seismic anisotropy for future mantle flow simulations, and call for further investigations about the deformation mechanisms and elasticity of minerals in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle.

CdTe QDs based fluorescent sensor for the determination of gallic acid in tea.

A new fluorescent light switch method, which based on N­acetyl­l­cysteine capped CdTe QDs (NALC-CdTe QDs), was developed for the detection of gallic acid (GA). The QDs possess a fluorescence emission wavelength at 520nm and with symmetric fluorescence. When KMnO4 is added, the high fluorescence of QDs could be effectively quenched for the electron transfer process between KMnO4 and QDs. But with the addition of GA, the fluorescence of KMnO4-QDs system could recover for the reason that redox reaction of GA and KMnO4. Therefore, a fluorescent light switch method could be used for GA with a detection range of 0.6-12.6µg·mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.56ng·mL-1. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed fluorescence biosensor in tea was also studied and satisfactory results were obtained.

Graphene oxide-assisted non-immobilized SELEX of chiral drug ephedrine aptamers and the analytical binding mechanism.

Here, we describe a study of screen characterization of aptamers targeting the chiral drug ephedrine using the non-immobilized graphene oxide (GO) SELEX. The improved method of long and short chains was here used to prepare the ssDNA library. The Resonance Rayleigh Scattering (RRS) method was first used to monitor the screening process. Through high-throughput sequencing, the genetic sequence data of 90,487 aptamers were obtained. Through the analysis of the parameters of free energy value and secondary structure prediction model of high repeatability sequence, the 10 candidate sequences were identified. Finally, a best-fit aptamer named EP08 was identified by combining the dissociation experiment. The binding affinity and binding mechanism of the aptamer and target were analyzed using an isothermal titration colorimetry (ITC) experiment and circular dichromatic (CD) experiment. The binding affinity (Kd) of the EP08 aptamer to ephedrine is approximately 2.86 ±â€¯0.24 µM. This novel DNA aptamer will help in the future development of a new method for the identification and detection of chiral drug ephedrine.

A novel spectral method for determination of trace malathion using EryB as light scattering probe by resonance Rayleigh scattering technique.

A convenient and sensitive spectrophotometric methods was proposed for determination of Malathion (Mala) using Erythrosin B (EryB) as a probe through the Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technique. The interaction between EryB, Pd2+and malathion in the system was investigated by fluorescence, RRS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Under the optimum conditions, the RRS intensity of EryB, Pd2+ and malathion was weak when exist in alone or any two kinds, however, the RRS intensity of the EryB-Pd2+-Mala system had an obvious enhancement due to Pd2+ could interact with the hydrolysis products of Mala and EryB each other form a new complexes. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity of EryB was decreased significantly in the presence of Pd2+, and the fluorescence intensity of EryB-Pd2+ system further decreased when Mala added, interestingly. So it was further proved that there was a forming complex in EryB-Pd2+-Mala system. Under the optimal conditions, the RRS enhanced intensity of the system was linearly proportional to the Mala's concentration in the range of 0.012-0.8 µg/mL, and the LOD was 1.7 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.9960. So, a new method for determination of Mala was established and this method has been demonstrated in real sample with satisfactory results.

Carbon dot-based fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of luteolin through the inner filter effect.

As a flavonoid, luteolin (LTL) has been universally studied due to its many advantages. Luteolin is a component in drugs and accurate detection is important to determine their LTL content and estimate their disposal effects. In our study, we found that the strong fluorescence of CDs made using ammonium citrate with the quantum yield (QY) of 8.8%, could be quenched sharply by LTL through the inner filter effect (IFE), and therefore a fluorescence assay for LTL detection using CDs as probes was devised. In this fluorescence assay, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.07 µmol L-1 with a dynamic range of 0.23-50.0 µmol L-1 . The CDs also possessed excellent selectivity and achieved acceptable recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD). Importantly, for use of environmentally friendly and nontoxic CDs as fluorescent probes to detect LTL, its operation, instruments and materials are cheap and easy. Therefore, this study improved the ease of LTL detection, and can be used widely.

Chiral recognition of the carnitine enantiomers using rhodamine B as a resonance Rayleigh scattering probe.

A novel and simple method for simultaneous determination of chiral carnitine (CA) enantiomers was proposed. In this work, the rhodamine B (RhB) could react with D-CA and L-CA, and new resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peaks were generated. According to the polarization experiments, it could be testified that scattering peak of this system was composed of resonance fluorescence and scattering light. The RRS intensity of the RhB could be enhanced with the addition of D- or L-CA. However, The RRS signal with L-CA had greater degree increased. So a useful assay program for the selective and simultaneous determination of CA enantiomers was built via the RRS signal differences of the two CA enantiomers responding to RhB. The results showing a good linear relationship and high correlation coefficient were obtained, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.086 µg·mL-1 (D-CA) and 0.042 µg·mL-1 (CA). Here, new built RRS method with RhB as chiral probe could be applied to achieve selective analysis through this work. The applicability of the chiral recognition of CA enantiomers mixtures in samples had been demonstrated by its low cost, sensitivity, enantioselectivity, simplicity, and good availability of the materials.

[Manipulative reduction and plaster external fixation for the treatment of the scaphoid fracture and perilunate dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and complications of manual reduction and external fixation for the treatment of scaphoid fractures and perilunate dislocations. METHODS: From January 2009 to January 2013, 43 patients suffered from scaphoid fractures and perilunate dislocations were retrospective analyzed. Among them, 17 cases were treated with manipulative reduction and plaster external fixation as conservation group including 10 males and 7 females, the other 26 cases were treated with application of surgical as operation group including 15 males and 11 females. The clinical effects were assessed by Cooney function score, radiological analysis and observation of complications. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for(45.00±8.72) months ranging from 36 to 60 months. At the final follow-up, the Cooney score of wrist function was 88.53±4.24 in conservation group and 89.58±4.59in operation group(t=0.455, P>0.05). During the follow-up, 4 patients were found scaphoid avascular necrosis in the imaging performance in the conservation group(χ²=4.32, P<0.05). The difference of other complications between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For patients suffered from the scaphoid fractures and perilunate dislocation, the early manipulative reduction and plaster external fixation after injury as soon as possible is necessary. Maintaining a satisfactory reduction and reliable fixation at the same time can lead to good treatment effect and there's no weakness compared to surgical treatment. But there was an increase in danger of complications. The key of conservative treatment lies in early diagnosis and maintenance of reduction, reliable fixation, and timely and appropriate functional exercise.

An aptamer-based fluorescence bio-sensor for chiral recognition of arginine enantiomers.

In this study, a novel aptamer - based fluorescence bio-sensor (aptamer-AuNps) was developed for chiral recognition of arginine (Arg) enantiomers based on aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNps). Carboxyfluorescein (FAM) labeled aptamers (Apt) were absorbed on AuNps and their fluorescence intensity could be significantly quenched by AuNps based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Once d-Arg or l-Arg were added into the above solution, the aptamer specifically bind to Arg enantiomers and released from AuNps, so the fluorescence intensity of d-Arg system and l-Arg system were all enhanced. The affinity of Apt to l-Arg is tighter to d-Arg, so the enhanced fluorescence signals of l-Arg system was stronger than d-Arg system. What's more, the enhanced fluorescence were directly proportional to the concentration of d-Arg and l-Arg ranging from 0-300 nM and 0-400 nM with related coefficients of 0.9939 and 0.9952, respectively. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to detection l-Arg in human urine samples with satisfactory results. Eventually, a simple "OR" logic gate with d-Arg &l-Arg as inputs and AuNps aggregation state as outputs was fabricated, which can help us understand the chiral recognition process deeply.