Glucose trend prediction model based on improved wavelet transform and gated recurrent unit.

Glucose trend prediction based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data is a crucial step in the implementation of an artificial pancreas (AP). A glucose trend prediction model with high accuracy in real-time can greatly improve the glycemic control effect of the artificial pancreas and effectively prevent the occurrence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In this paper, we propose an improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm for the non-linearity and non-smoothness of the original CGM data. By quantitatively comparing the mean square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) before and after the improvement, we prove that the improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm can reduce the degree of distortion after the smoothing of CGM data and improve the extraction effect of CGM data features at the same time. Based on this finding, we propose a glucose trend prediction model (IWT-GRU) based on the improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm and gated recurrent unit. We compared the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination ($ {\mathrm{R}}^{2} $) of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support vector regression (SVR), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and IWT-GRU on the original CGM monitoring data of 80 patients for 7 consecutive days with different prediction horizon (PH). The results showed that the IWT-GRU model outperformed the other four models. At PH = 45 min, the RMSE was 0.5537 mmol/L, MAPE was 2.2147%, $ {\mathrm{R}}^{2} $ was 0.989 and the average runtime was only 37.2 seconds. Finally, we analyze the limitations of this study and provide an outlook on the future direction of blood glucose trend prediction.

Acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of perimenopausal insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Perimenopausal insomnia (PMI) is a relatively common menopausal symptom that can cause serious problems for the women themselves and their families. Today, the world is facing the trend and challenges of an aging population. It is reported that about 1.5 million women worldwide enter menopause every year, with sleep disorder identified as a core symptom. The efficacy of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine for treating PMI has been recognized by patients and doctors. METHODS: We searched 8 databases to identify 15 randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on sleep in patients with PMI compared with Western medicine alone. Subsequently, data extraction and analysis were performed to assess the quality and risk of bias of the study method design, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: This study included 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1188 patients with PMI. The results show that acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine seems to be more effective than Western medicine in the treatment of PMI: efficiency (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.29; P = .001); the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (WMD: -2.77; 95% CI: 4.15-1.39; P < .0001); follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (WMD: -31.45; 95% CI: 42.7-20.2; P < .001) and the Hamilton Anxiety Score (HAMA) (WMD: -2.62, 95% CI: -3.93, -1.32; P < .0001). Compared with western medicine, E2 (WMD: 5.07; 95% CI: 5.78-15.92; P = .36) and LH (WMD: -4.86; 95% CI: 11.5-1.78; P = .151) had no difference. CONCLUSION: The current analysis results show that acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine seems to have a more positive effect than western medicine alone in improving sleep and FSHF in PMI patients, but no difference has been found in improving E2 and LH. This study provides a basis for acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine to treat PMI. However, due to the higher risk of evaluation in included studies, more rigorous randomized controlled trials and higher quality studies are needed to validate included studies.

Effects of acupuncture on mental health of migraine patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a neurological disease characterized by moderate to severe headache and various neurological symptoms. It is often cause mood and anxiety disorders that can seriously affect quality of life. Acupuncture has been claimed to have a role in treating neuropsychiatric disorders and is becoming increasingly popular. However, it remains unclear whether current evidence is sufficient to support acupuncture in improving mental health in migraine patients. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of acupuncture on the management of pain and mood disorders in patients with migraine. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platform for reports, conferences and academic papers published before January 1, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including acupuncture, sham acupuncture and medication for migraine were included. Stata 16.0 software and Cochrane RoB2.0 were used for data processing and migration risk analysis. RESULT: Thirteen randomized controlled trials containing 1766 migraine patients were included in the present study, the results showed that compared with sham acupuncture and medication, acupuncture seemed to have advantage in improving SAS (WMD: -5.64;95% CI: -10.89, -0.39; p = 0.035) and SDS (WMD: -4.65; 95% CI: -9.25, -0.05; p = 0.048) in migraine patients. And it seems to be more effective in improving MH (SMD: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.35; p = 0.009), VAS (SMD: -1.06; 95% CI: -1.73, -0.4; p = 0.002;) and MSQ (WMD: 4.76; 95% CI: 2.36, 7.15; p < 0.001) than sham acupuncture and medication. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that, compared with Western medicine and sham acupuncture, acupuncture seems to be able to effectively improve anxiety and depression in migraine patients.And it may be more effective in improving SF36-mental health, VAS and MSQ than shame acupuncture or Western medicine. The results of this study need to be verified by higher quality RCTs.

The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Diversity of Crane Flies (Tipulidae) in Mountainous and Non-Mountainous Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Surrounding Areas.

Tipulidae, one of the most diverse families of Diptera, is widely distributed in the world. The adults have weak flight ability, making it an ideal model for studying the formation of insect diversity. This study aims to explore the species diversity and endemism of Tipulidae in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the surrounding areas, as well as analyze the relationships between the diversity pattern and 25 environmental factors in mountainous and non-mountainous regions. To this end, we collected 2589 datasets for the distribution of 1219 Tipulidae species, and found three areas with high diversities of Tipulidae around the QTP, including the Sikkim-Yadong area, Kamen River Basin, and Gongga Mountain. Further R, generalized additive model (GAM), and stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the richness and endemism of Tipulidae is mainly influenced by the warmest quarter precipitation and topographic heterogeneity in mountainous regions, but in non-mountainous regions, the richness is mostly affected by the precipitation seasonality, while there is no regularity in the relationship between endemism and environmental factors. In addition, the richness model in mountainous regions was in conformity with the results of GAM.

Descriptions of a new species of genus Angarotipula and life history of Angarotipulalaetipennis (Alexander, 1935) (Diptera, Tipulidae).

Background: Angarotipula is a small genus of Tipulidae with only fourteen described species in the world and seven known species in China. New information: Here, one new species is added to the fauna of Sichuan. The life history of Angarotipulalaetipennis (Alexander, 1935) is presented and the morphologies of all stages are described.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Xizang, China.

One new species of the subgenus Eriocera Macquart,1838, Hexatoma (Eriocera) xizangensissp. nov. is described and illustrated from Xizang, China. The following four species are re-described and reported from Xizang for the first time: H. (E.) latigrisea Alexander, 1971, H. (E.) nepalensis (Westwood, 1836), H. (E.) paragnava Alexander, 1973 and H. (E.) perhirsuta Alexander, 1973. A key to the species of Eriocera from Xizang is presented.

Regional brain changes in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate functional connection density (FCD) in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) using the resting functional connectivity (FC) method, and to determine the abnormal areas of brain activity. METHODS: Patients with DON (n=22; 10 male, 12 female) and healthy controls (HCs; n=22; 10 male, 12 female) were included in the study. The basic characteristics of the groups were matched. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted with participants at rest, and long- and short-range FCD (long FCD and IFCD, respectively) were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also conducted to determine whether DON and HC participants could be distinguished using fMRI indicators. RESULTS: Compared with HCs, the long FCD values of the left lingual gyrus, right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and medial and lateral cingulate gyri were decreased in patients with DON. Further, the IFCD values of the left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left cerebellar area 8, and right cerebellar Crus2 area were higher in patients with DON than in the HCs. CONCLUSIONS: DON is associated with abnormal spontaneous brain activity. Our findings contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of DON, and provide direction for further clinical research.

What is the relationship between government response and COVID-19 pandemics? Global evidence of 118 countries.

Using daily data of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) covering 118 countries from January 1 to April 13, 2021, this research examines the relationship between the government response stringency index (GRSI) and COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical results show that GRSI significantly negatively impacts confirmed cases, and the effects are especially larger around 14 to 21 days after the implementation of the government response. These results are robust through analysis with sub-samples of Asian countries and non-Asian countries, proving that public prevention policies of being isolated for 14 days and being observed for 7 days are effective. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test uncovers a statistically significant bi-directional correlation between government response stringency and COVID-19 pandemic when analyzing the full samples. In terms of the sub-samples, a bi-directional relationship exists between government response stringency and confirmed cases, while one-way causality runs only from government response stringency to deaths in Asian countries. We offer a policy implication that countries all over the world should continue to carry out public prevention policies, and governments in non-Asian countries should be more concerned about confirmed cases.

Nephrotoma Meigen (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China.

Eight species of the genus Nephrotoma were previously known to occur in Xizang Autonomous Region. Here, three species are added to the fauna of Xizang. Among them two species, N. beibengensis sp. nov. and N. hanae sp. nov. are described and illustrated as new to science, and one species, N. evittata Alexander, 1935 is recorded from Xizang for the first time. The following four species are redescribed: N. claviformis Yang & Yang, 1987, N. didyma Yang & Yang, 1987, N. nigrohalterata Edwards, 1928, and N. xizangensis Yang & Yang, 1987. A key to the species of Nephrotoma from Xizang is presented.

The mitochondrial genome of Oreogeton sp. (Diptera: Empididae).

The dance fly Oreogeton sp. belongs to the subfamily Oreogetoninae of Empididae. The mitogenome of Oreogeton sp. (GenBank accession number: MK639348) was sequenced, the first representative of the mitogenome of the subfamily. The nearly complete mitogenome is 15,718 bp totally, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs. All genes have the similar locations and strands with that of other published species of Empididae. The nucleotide composition biases toward A and T, which together made up 77.2％of the entirety. Bayesian inference analysis strongly supported the monophyly of Empidoidea, Empididae, and Dolichopodidae. This result also suggested that Oreogetoninae was assigned to the sister group to the clade that consists of Trichopezinae and Clinocerinae, and then Empidinae is the sister to the clade that contains Oreogetoninae, Trichopezinae, and Clinocerinae.