[Identification of the feature of immune cells infiltration in inherited renal carcinoma with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the feature of immune cells infiltration in inherited renal carcinoma with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods: The samples were collected from patients with VHL syndrome renal carcinoma who were diagnosed and treated surgically at the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from 2010 to 2019. RNA-Seq was performed on 6 pairs of VHL syndrome renal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. To identify the specific infiltrated immune cells, RNA-Seq data was converted into the infiltration data of 14 types of immune cells using the TIP tool. Immunohistochemical staining was used to verify the expression of the markers of these specific infiltrated immune cells in the paraffin sections of 54 paired VHL syndrome renal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, CD4 Naive infiltration level was significantly down-regulated (0.289±0.009 vs 0.200±0.012,P<0.001) and CD4 Memory infiltration level was significantly up-regulated (0.123±0.014 vs 0.222±0.016,P<0.001) in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that CD45RA (a CD4 Naive cell marker) expression was significantly reduced (50.9±1.9 vs 15.6±0.9,P<0.001) and CD45RO (a CD4 Memory cell marker) expression was significantly increased (22.2±1.1 vs 80.8±4.3,P<0.001) in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma. Besides, lower CD45RA expression and higher CD45RO expression were associated with higher histological grade, advanced tumor stage and shorter disease-free survival (all P<0.01). In addition, CD45RA expression was positively correlated with VHL expression (r=0.693 3, P<0.000 1) and CD45RO expression was negatively correlated with VHL expression (r=-0.609 0, P<0.000 1). Conclusions: This study found that CD4 Naive and CD4 Memory cells may be differentially infiltrated immune cells in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma, and their infiltration levels were associated with the expression of VHL and the prognosis of patients.

[Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological, clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) based on Chinese patient population. Method: Patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed at Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2020 were included in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were grouped according to CCPRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), and the general clinical, postoperative pathological and follow-up data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Result: A total of 18 CCPRCC patients were enrolled in this study, accounting for 0.44% (18/4 110) of the postoperative pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma cases in our hospital during this time period. The age range of the included patients was 28-86 years old, with a median age of 49.5 years old. There were 11/18 males and 7/18 females. All CCPRCC patients had no family history of renal malignant tumors. Among them, only one patient with CCPRCC had related clinical symptoms, that was intermittent waist and abdomen pain, while the other 17 cases were found by physical examination without any related symptoms. Compared with ccRCC and pRCC, there was no significant difference in their end stage renal disease history(χ2ccRCC=0.291, χ2pRCC=1.161,all P>0.05). The maximum diameter of CCPRCC tumor was smaller than pRCC (χ2=-2.280,P =0.027) but not significantly different from ccRCC (χ2=-0.579,P =0.565). The majority of patients with CCPRCC were in pT1, their pathological stage was earlier than the other two types, and their overall survival was better than ccRCC and pRCC (P<0.05). Conclusion: CCPRCC is a type of renal cell carcinoma with unique epidemiology, clinicopathology and prognostic characteristics. Patients with this subtype have an earlier clinical stage and a better prognosis than ccRCC and pRCC.

[Esculin inhibits proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells by down-regulating FBI-1].

Objective: To investigate the effect of esculin on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 28, 56, 112, 225, 450 and 900 µmol/L of esculin for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, and the cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 0, 225, 450 and 900 µmol/L of esculin for 48 h. And then the changes in cell morphology were observed by inverted microscope. The clone-forming ability was detected by colony formation assay. The mRNA expression levels of FBI-1, p53 and p21 were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression levels of FBI-1, p53, p21 and Ki67 were detected by western blot. Results: Compared with the blank control group, the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells that treated with esculin significantly decreased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. After treatment with esculin, MDA-MB-231 cells shrunk, flattened, adhered poorly to the culture dish and the cell spacing became larger. Meanwhile, shedding and incomplete cells appeared, of which 900 µmol/L of esculin treatment group showed the most dramatic changes. In addition, the colony formation ratios were decreased to (77.18±5.13)%, (65.94±4.98)% and (45.92±3.70)% in the 225, 450 and 900 µmol/L of esculin treatment groups compared with blank control, respectively (P<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expressions of FBI-1 increased, while the levels of p53 and p21 mRNA and protein, as well as the protein expression of Ki67 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Conclusion: Esculin may regulate cell cycle-related p53-p21 pathway via FBI-1 mediated DNA replication, thus inhibit the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells.

[Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma with TSC2 gene mutations in children].

Objective: To study clinical pathological characteristics, immunohistochemical, molecular genetical changes and prognosis in pediatric eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) with TSC2 gene mutations. Methods: The tissue samples were collected from two pediatric ESC RCC patients between 2017 and 2018. The tissues were subjected to histological examination and immunohistochemistry using EnVision system. The TFE3, TFEB gene rearrangements were tested using FISH and molecular genetic study. The paraffin sections were used for DNA extraction, PCR amplification and NGS sequencing. Results: The two patients with ESC RCC were both male, aged at 9 years and 8 months, and 13 years, respectively. The tumors were from the right kidney, 5 cm and 7 cm in size, respectively, with solid and cystic changes in cross section, and grey-reddish or grey-whitish fish meat appearance. Microscopic observation revealed the tumors had fibrous capsules, which were infiltrated by the tumor cells. The tumor cells were diffusely distributed, round-shaped, or polygon-shaped, and had voluminous cytoplasm, eosinophilic cytoplasm, various sizes of vacuoles and clear cell-like appearance. There were papillary structures in some areas, with visible fiber septa. The nuclei were round and vesicular, with multi-nucleated cells and megakaryocytes. The mitoses were not seen. A few cystic structures were visible in different sizes, and capsule walls were covered with a single layer of spike-like tumor cells. Thick-walled blood vessels were seen in the stroma, with focal lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic necrosis, calcifications and cholesterol crystals. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells was positive for PAX8 (diffuse), CK20 (focal), CKpan (focal), CK10 (1 focal, 1 diffuse), INI1, vimentin, CD68, and Ki-67 (5%~10%); the tumor cells were negative for HMB45, S-100, Melan A, p53, desmin, TFE3, CK7, CK19, EMA, CD56, CgA, Syn, CD30, CD117, WT1 and SMA. Molecular genetic study showed that TFE3 and TFEB gene rearrangements were not detected by FISH. NGS sequencing showed TSC2 p.Lys574Ter (0.198) was found in patient one and TSC2 p.Arg406Ter (0.355) in patient two. Conclusions: ESC RCC in children is a rare disease, and can be misdiagnosed easily. It has unique pathological characteristics, and immunohistochemical, molecular and genetic changes. The prognosis is relatively good.

[Analyses of the Expression of FBI-1 in Breast Cancer Pre- and Pro-neoadjuvant Chemotherapy].

Objective: To investigate the expression of factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts-1 of HIV (FBI-1)in breast cancer pre- and pro-neoadjuvant chemotherapy and explore the relationship between FBI-1 expression and treatment efficacy. Methods: We collected 50 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before operation in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January, 2010 to December, 2014. The expression of FBI-1 in breast cancer tissues pre- and pro-neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemical staining. We compared the level of FBI-1 expression pre- and pro-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and tried to explore its relationship with patient and tumor characteristics and treatment efficacy. Results: (1) The rate of upregulated expression of FBI-1 in breast cancer tissues was 70% (35/50). The upregulated expression of FBI-1 was related to the higher clinical stage and trend of lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), whereas not related to the age and expression of ER, PR, Ki-67, and Her-2(P>0.05); (2) the setting of FBI-1 lower expression pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy had superior treatment outcome than the high expression setting based on either clinical assessment (86.7% vs 51.4%, P=0.027) or pathological assessment(80.0% vs 28.6%, P=0.001); (3) the rate of upregulated FBI-1 expression was significantly decreased post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy(70.0% vs 38.0%, P=0.004), with FBI-1 expression of 22 patients downregulated (62.9%); (4) the expression of FBI-1 in responded setting was significantly decreased than that in the non-responded setting based on either clinical (77.4% vs 26.3%, P=0.001) or pathological (72.7% vs 39.3%, P=0.024) assessment. The downregulation of FBI-1 was correlated to either clinical efficacy (r=0.440, P<0.01) or pathological efficacy (r=0.491, P<0.05) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: In breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the upregulated expression of FBI-1 in breast cancer lesion is associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly reduce the expression of FBI-1. The upregulated expression of FBI-1 may be predictive of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and has predictive value for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

[Prognostic value of pretreatment (18)F-FDG PET-CT for patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured by pretreatment (18)F-FDG PET-CT in patients with stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: Clinical data of 72 DLBCL patients with stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ disease undergoing a pretreatment PET-CT scan were retrospectively analyzed. SUVmax, MTV and TLG values of whole-body tumor were calculated from PET-CT images with a threshold of SUVmax 40% of tumor tissues. The optimal cutoff lines of SUVmax, MTV and TLG were obtained by ROC curve analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to perform univariate survival analysis, while Cox proportional hazards model was done for multivariate analysis. Results: The SUVmax, MTV and TLG of 72 patients were 21.64, 139.48 cm(3) and 1 413.77, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of SUVmax, MTV and TLG were 0.411 (95%CI=0.279~0.544, P=0.195), 0.688 (95%CI=0.566~0.811, P=0.006) and 0.526 (95%CI= 0.469~0.672, P=0.123), respectively. The median SUVmax (21.64) and TLG(1 413.77) were used as the cutoff lines due to smaller AUC. The cutoff point of MTV was 69.71 cm(3). For DLBCL patients of stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ disease, univariate analysis showed that SUVmax and TLG were not associated with the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P>0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis showed that National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) but not MTV was the independent prognostic predictor of PFS and OS (P<0.05 for all). And MTV was not the independent prognostic factor of PFS and OS for stage Ⅲ DLBCL (P>0.05 for all). Conclusions: For DLBCL patients with stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ disease, the prognostic value of SUVmax, MTV and TLG before treatment initiation are undetermined, and these indices cannot be used to predict the prognosis.

[Evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging in predicting the mutationsin epidermal growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the value of maximum Standardized Uptake Value(SUVmax), Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) calculated from (18)F-FDG PET-CT in predicting the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 137 lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations testing and pretreatment (18)F-FDG PET-CT. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to quantify the predictive value of SUVmax、MTV、TLG. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of EGFR mutation. Results: Among 137 lung adenocarcinoma patients, 86(62.8%, 86/137) were identified with EGFR mutations. The SUVmax, MTV and TLG were 7.4, 5.28 cm(3,) 20.20, respectively. The optimal cut-off values of SUVmax, MTV and TLG were 7.99(AUC=0.658, 95% CI=0.566~0.752, P=0.002), 6.09 cm(3)(AUC=0.644, 95% CI=0.550~0.737, P=0.005), 35.08(AUC=0.650, 95% CI= 0.557~0.744, P=0.003), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that TLG and smoking status were the most significant predictors of EGFR mutation(all P<0.05). Conclusion: TLG in (18)F-FDG PET/CT is an independent factor for predicting EGFR mutation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and has certain reference value for predicting EGFR mutation.

miR-129b suppresses cell proliferation in the human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, and is one of the primary causes of cancer-associated deaths. In 2002, an estimated 1.18 million lung cancer-associated deaths were recorded, accounting for 18% of cancer-related deaths and 2% of total mortality. Despite the great progress that has been made in lung cancer therapies, the mechanisms underlying lung cancer formation and development remain largely unknown. Meanwhile, the microRNA miR-129 has been shown to be involved in the formation of many types of cancer. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether miR129b could suppress proliferation of lung cancer cell lines. NSCLC tissue samples were collected from the Department of Respiratory Medicine between April 2013 and December 2015. Ten normal health individuals were recruited as controls. Lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 were used to examine the suppressive effects of miR129b. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect miR129b expression. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. Results indicated that miR-129b is down-regulated in lung cancer cell lines and NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-129b inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-129b suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation, and can be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of lung cancers.

Expression and clinical significance of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 in breast cancer.

Our objective was to explore the expression and clinical significance of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in breast cancer tissue. Eighty-one breast cancer patients having undergone surgical treatment in our hospital between March 2002 and December 2008 were enrolled in this study. Normal tissue adjacent to tumors was used for the control samples. Diagnoses for all patients were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. Immunohistochemical assays were used to measure the expression of Keap1 protein in breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue, and its clinical significance was explored. We observed that 24.6% breast cancer tissue samples were positive for Keap1, a significantly lower proportion than that seen with adjacent normal tissue specimens (80.2%; P < 0.05). The presence of Keap1 expression did not correlate with age, tumor size, pathological classification, or degree of differentiation. However, it was found to be significantly associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and the presence of lymphatic metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a remarkably higher five-year survival rate among patients with positive Keap1 expression than in those lacking detectable levels of the protein (P = 0.032). Keap1 expression is significantly decreased in breast cancer tissue; therefore, the early detection of its expression might have great significance in determining prognosis for breast cancer patients.

[Efficacy observation of (125)I seed implantation therapy for locoregional recurrent and metastatic breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and side effects of (125)I seed implantation for locoregional recurrent and metastatic breast cancer, and to discuss its role in the comprehensive therapy of breast cancer. METHODS: Forty-three patients with locoregional recurrent or metastatic breast cancer were included in this study. They received (125)I seed implantation and were followed up to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of the treatment. RESULTS: Among 54 lesions in the 43 cases, there were complete response (CR) in 39, partial response (PR) in 13, stable disease (SD) in 2 patients, with a response rate of 96.3%. All 17 cases with local pain achieved pain relief. With a median follow up of 36 months (range 14 to 60 months), the 1-, 3-, and 5-year local control rate was 85.2%, 53.7% and 1.9%, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 95.3%, 67.4% and 37.2%, respectively. No serious radiotherapy side effect was observed. CONCLUSION: In patients with unresectable locoregional recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, (125)I seed implantation shows proved efficacy and few complications, and can be an important treatment option.

Direct frequency comb optical frequency standard based on two-photon transitions of thermal atoms.

Optical clocks have been the focus of science and technology research areas due to their capability to provide highest frequency accuracy and stability to date. Their superior frequency performance promises significant advances in the fields of fundamental research as well as practical applications including satellite-based navigation and ranging. In traditional optical clocks, ultrastable optical cavities, laser cooling and particle (atoms or a single ion) trapping techniques are employed to guarantee high stability and accuracy. However, on the other hand, they make optical clocks an entire optical tableful of equipment, and cannot work continuously for a long time; as a result, they restrict optical clocks used as very convenient and compact time-keeping clocks. In this article, we proposed, and experimentally demonstrated, a novel scheme of optical frequency standard based on comb-directly-excited atomic two-photon transitions. By taking advantage of the natural properties of the comb and two-photon transitions, this frequency standard achieves a simplified structure, high robustness as well as decent frequency stability, which promise widespread applications in various scenarios.

Treatment and prognosis of limited disease primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus.

Primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE) is a relatively rare and highly aggressive tumor characterized by early dissemination and poor prognosis. The optimal treatment has not yet been established, and the role of surgery has remained controversial. Most of the limited diseases were treated conventionally by surgery, but the five-year survival rate was still very low. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors of limited disease SCCE. Clinical data of 40 SCCE patients with clinically limited disease who received transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from November 1990 to December 2009 were reviewed to summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment impacted on the survival. Twenty-five cases of the 40 patients were treated with surgery alone, eight cases were treated with surgery + postoperative chemotherapy, four cases were treated with surgery + postoperative radiotherapy, and the other three were treated with surgery + postoperative radiochemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. Cox's hazard regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors with the entry factors of gender, age (≤ 60 years versus > 60 years), length of the primary lesion (≤ 5 cm versus > 5 cm), location of the primary lesion, macroscopic tumor type, pT, pN, pTNM stage, operation (radical/palliative), and chemotherapy (yes/no). The mean follow-up duration of this series was 24.7 months (1-121 months). Thirty-four patients died of the disease during the follow-up, five were still alive, and one was lost of follow-up. The median survival time of the 40 patients was 13.0 months (95% confidence interval 4.7-21.3), and the 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 60-month overall survival rates (OS) were 77.5%, 56.4%, 28.9%, 23.7%, 10.5%, respectively. In univariate analysis, age (≤ 60 years versus >60 years) (P=0.049), operation (radical/palliative) (P=0.008), and chemotherapy (yes/no) (P= 0.013) significantly influenced the OS of the SCCE patients. In multivariate analysis, operation (P=0.015) and chemotherapy (P=0.031) were independent prognostic factors. The patients who received radical surgery and postoperative chemotherapy had relatively better survival. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy should be recommended to patients with limited disease SCCE.

Efficacy of different chemotherapeutic schemes for hookworm-infected villagers in China.

A comparative analysis has been made of the efficacy of different chemotherapeutic schemes against hookworm infections in China. Hookworm eggs were detected by the improved Kato's thick smear method. Benzimidazole was offered to residents in the tested villages, while NaHCO3 was used as placebo in control villages. Data were analysed by negative binomial distribution with statistic software R2.2.1. In the tested village as a result of the application of selective chemotherapy, hookworm infection rate decreased from 58.79% to 1.08%, while the average of eggs per gram (EPG) reduced from 526.29 to 56.91. The infection rates in the target chemotherapy village and in the mass chemotherapy village declined from 6.90% to 1.92% and 10.10% to 0.65% respectively. It was concluded that the consecutive selective chemotherapy could rapidly decrease the infection rate and EPG of hookworm and maintain the infection rate at low level. The curative effect of the target chemotherapy was similar to that of the mass chemotherapy in the low hookworm endemic area.

A new siglec family member, siglec-10, is expressed in cells of the immune system and has signaling properties similar to CD33.

The siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a distinct subset of the Ig superfamily with adhesion-molecule-like structure. We describe here a novel member of the siglec protein family that shares a similar structure including five Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail containing two ITIM-signaling motifs. Siglec-10 was identified through database mining of an asthmatic eosinophil EST library. Using the Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel we were able to localize the genomic sequence of siglec-10 within the cluster of genes on chromosome 19q13.3-4 that encode other siglec family members. We have demonstrated that siglec-10 is an immune system-restricted membrane-bound protein that is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes as demonstrated by Northern, RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Binding assays determined that the extracellular domain of siglec-10 was capable of binding to peripheral blood leukocytes. The cytoplasmic tail of siglec-10 contains four tyrosines, two of which are embedded in ITIM-signaling motifs (Y597 and Y667) and are likely involved in intracellular signaling. The ability of tyrosine kinases to phosphorylate the cytoplasmic tyrosines was evaluated by kinase assay using wild-type siglec-10 cytoplasmic domain and Y-->F mutants. The majority of the phosphorylation could be attributed to Y597 andY667. Further experiments with cell extracts suggest that SHP-1 interacts with Y667 and SHP-2 interacts with Y667 in addition to another tyrosine. This is very similar to CD33, which also binds the phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, therefore siglec-10, as CD33, may be characterized as an inhibitory receptor.

Fast analysis of water samples for detection of anions by capillary zone electrophoresis.

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with relatively low separation voltage and short capillary length, using indirect UV detection was developed for the fast and quantitative determination of Cl-, NO2-, SO4(2-), NO3-, F- and HCO3- in potable water samples. Baseline separation of inorganic and organic anions was achieved within 1 min. The optimal carrier electrolyte consisted of 6.0 mM sodium chromate, 2.5 mM CTAB and 3.5% acetonitrile at pH 9.0. The effects of pH and the concentrations of electrolyte and flow modifiers on the resolution were investigated. Two injection methods, gravity and electrokinetic, were compared. The application of electrokinetic injection, using pyroglutamic acid as an internal standard was found to provide a method that is fast, sensitive and quantitative, with an R.S.D. for migration times from 0.1% to 0.3% and for peak areas from 1.8% to 4.1%. The limits of detection were 0.08 mg/L Cl-, 0.3 mg/L NO2-, 0.1 mg/L SO4(2-), 0.1 mg/L NO3-, 0.07 mg/L F-, and 0.3 mg/L HCO3-. This method has been successfully applied to determine Cl-, NO2-, SO4(2-), NO3-, F-, HCO3- in municipal water, surface water and bottled water samples.

[Studies on the spectroscopic property of p-hydroxyphenol derivatives].

In the paper, properties of p-hydroxyphenol derivatives are described. The results prove that p-hydroxyphenol derivatives with different function groups show different spectroscopic properties. Some methods will be proposed to analyze a series of p-hydroxyphenol derivatives in blood or urine so as to identify the cancer mark.

A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters.

A novel human organic transporter, OATP2, has been identified that transports taurocholic acid, the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and thyroid hormone, as well as the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin. OATP2 is expressed exclusively in liver in contrast to all other known transporter subtypes that are found in both hepatic and nonhepatic tissues. OATP2 is considerably diverged from other family members, sharing only 42% sequence identity with the four other subtypes. Furthermore, unlike other subtypes, OATP2 did not transport digoxin or aldosterone. The rat isoform oatp1 was also shown to transport pravastatin, whereas other members of the OATP family, i.e. rat oatp2, human OATP, and the prostaglandin transporter, did not. Cis-inhibition studies indicate that both OATP2 and roatp1 also transport other statins including lovastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin. In summary, OATP2 is a novel organic anion transport protein that has overlapping but not identical substrate specificities with each of the other subtypes and, with its liver-specific expression, represents a functionally distinct OATP isoform. Furthermore, the identification of oatp1 and OATP2 as pravastatin transporters suggests that they are responsible for the hepatic uptake of this liver-specific hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor in rat and man.