[Status of soil fertility, nutrient balance, and environmental risk assessment in yam production of North China Plain]. / åŽåŒ—å¹³åŽŸå±±è¯ä¸»äº§åŒºåœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œå »åˆ†å¹³è¡¡çŽ°çŠ¶åŠçŽ¯å¢ƒé£Žé™©è¯„ä»·.

Taking the main production area of yam in North China Plain as the research area, we analyzed the status of soil fertility and fertilizer application in yam production through field investigation and tracking monitoring, examined soil nutrient balance using the input-output model of nutrients in agricultural system, and assessed the environmental risks in the yam planting system. The results showed that: 1) the contents of soil organic matter and total N were extremely low, and the contents of available P and available Zn were both low; both nitrate and available Cu contents were at the middle level, the contents of soil slowly available K, available S, and exchangeable Ca and Mg were all extremely high, the contents of available K, available Fe, and available Mn were all at high level; 2) The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) inputs were 575-943 kg·hm-2, 341-981 kg·hm-2, and 655-1219 kg·hm-2 during the whole growth period of yam, with chemical fertilizer accounting for 83.0%, 88.6%, and 91.3%, respectively; The input imbalance between organic and inorganic fertilizer, as well as the excessive nutrients input were prominent; 3) The surplus rate of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached 271.14 kg·hm-2, 466.34 kg·hm-2, and 739.97 kg·hm-2, with corresponding surplus ratio of 48.7%, 258.1%, and 324.5%, respectively, which all exceeded the environmental safety threshold and were classified as moderate risk, severe risk, and severe risk, respectively. The overall environmental risk caused by chemical fertilizer application in yam production had reached severe risk level.

[Size distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PM10 in foggy days in the north suburb of Nanjing].

Based on meteorological data and aerosol samples from Nov.15 to Dec.30,2007 in the north suburb of Nanjing, size distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 in foggy and sunny days were studied, and the concentrations of 16 PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). The average concentrations of aerosols in the night (PM2.1 : 120.34 microg x m(-3; PM10 : 215.92 microg*m(-3) are close to those in the daytime (PM2.1 : 26.76 microg.m(-3); PM9.0 : 213.41 microg x m(-3)) in foggy days. The average concentrations of aerosols are higher in the night (PM2.1 : 71.45 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 114.33 microg x m(-3)) than those in the daytime (PM2.1 : 41.02 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 74.38 microg x m(-3)) in fine days. And we also find that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in PM2.1 (49.97 ng x m(-3)) and PM9.0 (59.45 ng x m(-3)) in foggy days are 1.50 and 1.46 times of those (PM2.1 : 33.30 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 40.80 ng x m(-3)) in fine days separately. The average maximum concentrations of individual PAHs are fluoranthene, which are higher (PM2.1 : 7.98 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 9.99 ng x m(-3)) in foggy days than those (PM2.5 : 5.23 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 6.77 ng x m(-3)) in fine days, and the average concentrations of benzo-apyrene are higher in fog days (PM2.1 : 1.77 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 1.99 ng x m(-3)) than those in fine days (PM2.1 : 1.46 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 1.84 ng x m(-3)).Those results indicate that the fog processing could aggravate the pollution of PM2.5 and PM10 near the ground layer. Diurnal size distribution of total PAHs in PM10 is consistent with that of PM10 in foggy and sunny days, and size distribution investigated was bi-modal with a peak in accumulation particle mode and another peak in coarse particle mode aerosol. Size distributions of PM10 and total PAHs in PM10 are affected greatly by the day fog in daytime, while those are affected little by the night fog in night.

[Expression and significance of clusterin in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of Clusterin in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. METHODS: Clusterin expression in samples of 12 normal prostate, 15 BPH, and 56 prostate cancer were studied by immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: Of 83 cases, 67 are positive or weak positive (81%). The rate of positive or weak positive for normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer was 17% (2/12), 73% (11/15), and 96% (54/56) respectively. The expression level of Clusterin in prostate cancer was much higher than in normal prostate (t = 8.82, P < 0.01). BPH (t = 7.63, P < 0.01) was related positively with pathological grade (r = 0.649, P < 0.01) and stage (r = 0.609, P < 0.01) of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Clusterin may play an important role in the biological characteristics of prostate cancer by the anti-apoptosis pathway.