SEC61 translocon gamma subunit is correlated with glycolytic activity, epithelial mesenchymal transition and the immune suppressive phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a predominant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, underscoring the urgency for targeted therapeutic strategies. The specific role and impact of the SEC61 translocon gamma subunit (SEC61G) in LUAD progression and metastasis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we use a multifaceted approach, combining bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation, to elucidate the pivotal role of SEC61G and its associated molecular mechanisms in LUAD. Our integrated analyses reveal a significant positive correlation between SEC61G expression and the glycolytic activity of LUAD, as evidenced by increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans. Further investigations show the potential influence of SEC61G on metabolic reprogramming, which contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Remarkably, we identify a negative association between SEC61G expression levels and the infiltration of critical immune cell populations within the TME, along with correlations with immune checkpoint gene expression and tumor heterogeneity scores in LUAD. Functional studies demonstrate that SEC61G knockdown markedly inhibits the migration of A549 and H2030 LUAD cells. This inhibitory effect is accompanied by a significant downregulation of key regulators of tumor progression, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), lactate dehydrogenase A, and genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. In conclusion, our comprehensive analyses position SEC61G as a potential prognostic biomarker intricately linked to glycolytic metabolism, the EMT pathway, and the establishment of an immune-suppressive phenotype in LUAD. These findings underscore the potential of SEC61G as a therapeutic target and predictive marker for immunotherapeutic responses in LUAD patients.

Water-resistant and pyknotic recyclable waste-cotton-derived bio-polyurethane-coated controlled-release fertilizer: Improved longevity, mechanism and application.

Reasonably utilize the recyclable waste-cotton resource to develop the bio-polyurethane coatings had aroused more and more environmental interests recently. However, the terrible water resistance and porousness of the waste-cotton-derived bio-polyurethane coating caused the rapid nutrients release. In this work, the water-resistant and pyknotic cotton-fibre-derived coated-ureas (WPCUs) were fabricated with the recyclable low-cost waste-cotton-derived materials. The dramatically enhanced pyknotic and water-resistant characteristics of the WPCUs coatings can be obtained by the three-dimensional computerized tomography (2.33 to 1.19 %) and the water contact angle. The enhanced elasticity and the decreased water absorption were also vital to enhance the controlled-release performance. The accompanying controlled-release performance of the WPCUs was obviously improved (<2 h to 58.43 days). The modified WPCU75-10 with 4.0 % coating content exhibits the excellent controlled-release performance compared to the unmodified WPCU0-0. The controlled release mechanism can be clarified: The air column inside of the "small and few" micropores in the WPCUs coating only allow the gaseous water molecules to slowly penetrate and dissolve the inner urea cores (rather than liquid water). The obviously increased oilseed rape yield (128.75 %) showed the dependable agricultural application of the WPCUs. This work provides the resultful approach to develop the eco-friendly recyclable waste-plant-derived controlled-release fertilizers.

Lightweight Deep Learning Models for High-Precision Rice Seedling Segmentation from UAV-Based Multispectral Images.

Accurate segmentation and detection of rice seedlings is essential for precision agriculture and high-yield cultivation. However, current methods suffer from high computational complexity and poor robustness to different rice varieties and densities. This article proposes 2 lightweight neural network architectures, LW-Segnet and LW-Unet, for high-precision rice seedling segmentation. The networks adopt an encoder-decoder structure with hybrid lightweight convolutions and spatial pyramid dilated convolutions, achieving accurate segmentation while reducing model parameters. Multispectral imagery acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to train and test the models covering 3 rice varieties and different planting densities. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LW-Segnet and LW-Unet models achieve higher F1-scores and intersection over union values for seedling detection and row segmentation across varieties, indicating improved segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, the models exhibit stable performance when handling different varieties and densities, showing strong robustness. In terms of efficiency, the networks have lower graphics processing unit memory usage, complexity, and parameters but faster inference speeds, reflecting higher computational efficiency. In particular, the fast speed of LW-Unet indicates potential for real-time applications. The study presents lightweight yet effective neural network architectures for agricultural tasks. By handling multiple rice varieties and densities with high accuracy, efficiency, and robustness, the models show promise for use in edge devices and UAVs to assist precision farming and crop management. The findings provide valuable insights into designing lightweight deep learning models to tackle complex agricultural problems.

Ammonium Sulfite Slurry from Ammonia-Based Desulfurization Activates Water-Soluble Humic Substances from Lignite: Performance, Application, and Mechanism.

Both ammonium sulfite slurry (ASS) from ammonia-based desulfurization and lignite are waste materials with low value. In this work, an innovative method was developed by applying ASS in lignite activation to produce water-soluble humic substances (WHSs) with a high bioactivity and economic value. The optimal activation method was to mix lignite and ASS at a 4:1-liquid-solid ratio by vortex blender and then oscillate it for 30 min at 25 °C. Compared with that of the unactivated lignite (UAL), the yield of WHSs from activated lignite (AL) increased by 42.72%. WHSs from AL consisted of a large number of aliphatic carbons with low molecular weight and functional groups such as amides, amines, sulfonic acid groups, C-O, and so forth. Moreover, WHSs from AL at lower concentrations (2 mg/L) has a more obvious root-elongation-promoting effect than WHSs from UAL (10 mg/L). Activation experiment with the lignite-related model compounds revealed that ASS caused the breakage of Caliph-O, Caliph-Caliph, and Carom-Caliph linkages between aromatic rings. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of green and sustainable technologies for the beneficial reuse of ASS and lignite in agriculture.

Winter Water Quality Modeling in Xiong'an New Area Supported by Hyperspectral Observation.

Xiong'an New Area is defined as the future city of China, and the regulation of water resources is an important part of the scientific development of the city. Baiyang Lake, the main supplying water for the city, is selected as the study area, and the water quality extraction of four typical river sections is taken as the research objective. The GaiaSky-mini2-VN hyperspectral imaging system was executed on the UAV to obtain the river hyperspectral data for four winter periods. Synchronously, water samples of COD, PI, AN, TP, and TN were collected on the ground, and the in situ data under the same coordinate were obtained. A total of 2 algorithms of band difference and band ratio are established, and the relatively optimal model is obtained based on 18 spectral transformations. The conclusion of the strength of water quality parameters' content along the four regions is obtained. This study revealed four types of river self-purification, namely, uniform type, enhanced type, jitter type, and weakened type, which provided the scientific basis for water source traceability evaluation, water pollution source area analysis, and water environment comprehensive treatment.

Preparation and Nutrient Release Characteristics of Liquefied Apple Tree Branche-Based Biocoated Large Tablet Urea.

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) could improve crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency. However, the coating materials of conventional CRFs are mainly derived from petrochemical products, which are expensive and nondegradable, bringing potential environmental pollution. Therefore, using sustainable bio-based materials is the development direction. In this study, large tablet urea (LTU) was prepared using physical extrusion technology. The economical and biodegradable liquefied apple tree branch bio-based coating material was used to coat LTU, obtaining large tablet CRFs (LTCRUs). Also, the optimum proportion of liquefaction of apple tree branches modified by castor oil was studied. The specific surface area, surface morphology, and FTIR of LTCRU were characterized. The results showed that the surface of the LTCRU was the most smooth and the LTCRU modified with 30% castor oil presented the best controlled-release characteristics. The specific surface area of LTCRU was one-third of that of traditional small-particle fertilizers, which indicated that reducing the using dosage of coating materials is economical. Overall, this work provided theoretical and technical supports for the industrialization of biocoated superlarge tablet urea, which is conducive to the green development of agriculture.

Development of multifunctional copper alginate and bio-polyurethane bilayer coated fertilizer: Controlled-release, selenium supply and antifungal.

Bio-based controlled release fertilizers (BCRFs) are cost-effective and renewable thus gradually replacing petroleum-based controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). However, most of the study mainly focused on modifying BCRFs to improve controlled-release performance. It is necessary to further increase the functionality of BCRF for expanding the application. A multifunctional double layered bio-based CRF (DCRF) was prepared. Urea was used as the core of fertilizer, bio-based polyurethane was used as the inner coating, and sodium alginate and copper ions formed the hydrogel as the outer coating. In addition, mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with sodium selenate was used to modify the sodium alginate hydrogel (MSN@Se hydrogel). The results showed that the nitrogen longevity of the DCRF was much better than that of urea and BCRF. The selenium nutrient longevity of the DCRF was 40 h, much longer than that of sodium selenate. The DCRF improved the yield and nutritive value of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) with the elevated contents of selenium, an essential trace element. Moreover, the DCRF showed inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. and could resist soil-borne fungal diseases continuously. Overall, this multifunctional fertilizer has great potential for expanding the use of BCRFs for sustainable development of agriculture.

Bio-based Polyurethane Based on a Dynamic Covalent Network with Damage Tolerance for Controlled Release of Fertilizers.

Bio-based polyurethanes are promising for the controlled release of nutrients and fertilizers, but their toughness and plasticity need to be improved. We developed a smooth, dense, elastic, and indestructible bio-based polyurethane (BPU) coating with a nutrient controlled release ∼150% superior, a tensile strength ∼300% higher, and a toughness ∼1200% higher than those for the original BPU coating. Through a one-step reaction of soybean oil polyols (accounting for more than 60%), isocyanate, and benzil dioxime, the dynamic covalent network based on oxime-carbamate replaces part of irreversible covalent cross-linking. The dynamic fracture-bonding reaction in the modified coating BPU can effectively promote the hydrogen bond recombination and oxime-carbamate chain migration in the coating process, which avoids the structural defects caused by coating tear and fertilizer collision. This work provides a simple and versatile strategy for building controlled-release fertilizer coatings.

Prognosis and Immunological Characteristics of PGK1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Analysis.

Background: Aerobic glycolysis plays a key role in tumor metabolic reprogramming to reshape the immune microenvironment. The phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) gene codes a glycolytic enzyme that converts 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. However, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the role of PGK1 in altering the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not yet been determined. Methods: Raw data, including bulk DNA and mRNA-seq data, methylation modification data, single-cell RNA-seq data, proteomics data, clinical case characteristics survival, immunotherapy data, and so on, were obtained from multiple independent public data sets. These data were reanalyzed to uncover the prognosis and immunological characteristics of PGK1 in LUAD. Results: We found that PGK1 mRNA and protein were considerably over-expressed in LUAD compared to normal tissue and that high PGK1 expression is associated with poorer prognostic outcomes in LUAD. The enrichment analysis of PGK1 co-expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma revealed that PGK1 may be involved in hypoxia, metabolism, DNA synthesis, cell cycle, PI3K/AKT, and various immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Furthermore, PGK1 is also linked to the recruitment of numerous immune cells, including aDC (dendritic cells), macrophages, and neutrophils. More importantly, PGK1 was highly expressed in immunosuppressive cells, including M2 macrophages, Tregs, and exhausted T cells, among others. Finally, higher PGK1 expression indicated significant correlations to immune checkpoints, TMB (tumor mutation burden), and high response to immunotherapy. Conclusions: The presented findings imply that PGK1, as a glycolysis core gene, may be important for the modification of the immune microenvironment by interacting with the tumor metabolism. The results of this study provide clues for a potential immunometabolic combination therapy strategy in LUAD, for which more experimental and clinical translational research is needed.

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Induced In Situ Etching and Phosphorization to Form Nickel Phosphides for Electrooxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.

The development of catalysts with relatively high current densities at low potentials for the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is still challenging. In this study, an in situ deep eutectic solvent (DES) etching phosphorization strategy is developed to prepare nickel phosphides encapsulated in P,O-codoped carbon nanosheets (Ni-P@POC). The DES serves not only as an etchant to extract Ni2+ from the nickel foam, but also as a phosphorus source to form nickel phosphides in situ uniformly embedded in the carbon films to produce a sheet structure. The electrooxidation performance is further greatly improved by implementing an electrochemical activation step to transform Ni-P@POC into NiOOH/Ni-P@POC (t-Ni-P@POC). t-Ni-P@POC exhibits a low onset potential of 1.20 V vs. RHE and a high current density of 200 mA cm-2 at 1.33 V vs. RHE for HMF electrooxidation, outperforming most reported catalysts. The as-developed DES etching phosphorization strategy offers a facile, flexible, and universal route for the design of high-performance catalysts with specific nanostructures.

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The new large-grained activated humic acid fertilizer (LAF) can significantly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application and stable fruit yield. Understanding its impacts on soil aggregates and organic carbon is an important basis for revealing its role in driving soil structure of apple orchard. There were four LAF treatments: LAF1 (full fertilization, fertilization period and mass ratio (the same below), germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=3:4:3), LAF2 (full fertilization, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5), LAF3 (fertilizer application reduction by 1/4, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5), LAF4 (fertilizer application reduction by 1/3, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5); with no fertilization as control (CK). In a four-year pot experiment, we examined the composition, stabi-lity and organic carbon content of soil aggregates under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that: 1) compared with CK, each treatment of LAF increased the content of >2 mm and 2-0.25 mm aggregate by 53.4%-77.5% and 12.3%-17.0%, respectively. The application of LAF significantly increased the content of soil water stable aggregates, and such effects were positively related with application amount. The content of soil water stable aggregate was the highest in the LAF1 treatment. 2) There was no significant difference in aggregate content of each particle size among LAF treatments, with the proportion of aggregate content of 2-0.25 mm particle size being the highest. 3) Compared with CK, all LAF treatments significantly increased the average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), and reduced the fractal dimension (D). LAF1 treatment had the highest MWD and GMD values, and had the strongest effect on the stability of soil aggregates. 4) Except for LAF4 treatment, the content of soil organic carbon in other LAF treatments was significantly higher than that in CK, and the content of soil organic carbon in LAF2 treatment was the highest. All LAF treatments increased the organic carbon content of soil aggregates with each particle size. LAF1, LAF2, and LAF3 treatments significantly increased the organic carbon of aggregates with particle size >2 mm. Particle size >2 mm had the highest contribution to the total organic carbon. The contribution rate of water stable large aggregate organic carbon to total organic carbon of LAF treatment was significantly higher than that of CK, which was all higher than 66.0%, and that of LAF1 treatment was the highest. In conclusion, the application of LAF enhanced the formation and stability of water stable aggregates and increased organic carbon content of aggregates in apple orchard soil, with the best performance of the full application. The application of LAF could be used as an effective measure to improve soil structure and fertility in apple orchard.

Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (preNLR) for the assessment of tumor characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastasis.

OBJECTIVES: Brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma cause significant patient mortality. This study aims to evaluate the role of preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (preNLR) in predicting the survival and prognosis of Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with brain metastasis (BM) and provide more references for predicting peritumoral edema. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 125 LUAD-BM patients who had undergone surgical resection from December 2015 to December 2020. The clinical characteristic, demographic, MRI data, and preNLR within 24-48 h before craniotomy were collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on preNLR (high NLR and low NLR), with cutoff values determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Association between preoperative NLR and clinical features was determined by using Pearson chi-squared tests. Uni- and multivariate analyzes were performed to compare the overall survival (OS) of clinical features. RESULTS: The patients were divided into NLR-low (64 patients) and NLR-high (61 patients) groups based on receiver operating characteristic analysis of NLR area. According to correlation analysis, a high preNLR (NLR≥2.8) is associated with the both supra- and infratentorial location involved (P = 0.017) and a greater incidence of severe peritumoral edema (P = 0.038). By multivariable analysis, age ≥ 65 years (P = 0.011), KPS < 70 (P = 0.043), elevated preNLR (P = 0.013), extracerebral metastases (P = 0.003), EGFR/ALK+ (P = 0.037), postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.017) and targeted therapy (P = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors. OS nomogram was constructed based on cox model and model performance was examined (AUC = 0.935). CONCLUSIONS: PreNLR may serve as a prognosis indicator in LUAD patients with brain metastasis, and high preNLR tends to be positively associate with multiple locations and severe peritumoral edema.

Fulvic acid-like substance-Ca(II) complexes improved the utilization of calcium in rice: Chelating and absorption mechanism.

Water-soluble chelated calcium has been widely used in agriculture as a fertilizer to improve the absorption and utilization of calcium by plants. This paper prepared a new organic mineral fertilizer, based on fulvic acid-like substance chelated calcium (PFA-Ca2+ complex), using optimal parameters (i.e., pH, time, temperature, and Ca2+ concentration) to achieve a high chelation efficiency. The absorption, utilization, and distribution of the PFA-Ca2+ complex in rice roots were analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Our results demonstrated that the optimal PFA-Ca2+ complex chelating efficiency (87%) was achieved at an initial Ca2+ concentration of 0.1 mol L-1, an equilibration time of 120 min, a pH of 5.0, and a temperature of 40 °C. The chelating reaction of a fulvic acid-like substance with Ca2+ primarily occurred on phenol hydroxyl, alcohol hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. The PFA-Ca2+ complex was primarily enriched in the roots' pericycle, cortical, and epidermis cells, in both chelating and non-chelating forms. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating how the PFA-Ca2+complex affects transformation in plants, which has significant implications for research on plant nutrition and nutrient distribution.

The long-term effects of microplastics on soil organomineral complexes and bacterial communities from controlled-release fertilizer residual coating.

Controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) was applied widely in China as an efficient utilization strategy for improving grain yield and reducing the nitrogen contamination. However, it was indeterminate to know the impacts of inevitably imported plastic into the soil on sustainable development. After ten-year fixed-site experiment, the visible residual coating microplastics were separated from the soil to measure their changes, then the long-term effects of CRF application (theoretical microplastic content 0.018-0.151 g kg-1 soil) on soil architecture and bacterial communities were evaluated. Based on soil organomineral complexes (OMC) distribution experiments and soil 16S rRNA sequence analysis, residual coating microplastics had no significant impact on soil architecture and limited effects on soil bacteria, but became the specific microbial habitat. The nitrogen rate and nitrogen release mode affected sand- and silt-grade OMC, and nitrogen rate impacted soil bacteria communities. The residual coating, small inert particles, is safe for soil OMC and bacterial communities in agricultural soil. Due to the effectiveness of CRF on reducing environmental pollution, CRF is considered as a favorable measure to the sustainable agricultural development in Shandong Province, China.

Deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of porous Ni2CO3(OH)2/SiO2 nanosheets for ultra-efficient removal of anionic dyes from water.

Wastewater treatment is a severe environment issue, especially the discharge of excessive synthetic dyestuffs in the aquatic environment. In this study, a facile binary deep eutectic solvothermal process plus silica surface modification was successfully applied for preparation of porous nanosheet Ni2CO3(OH)2/SiO2 composites. The composites show powerful anionic dyes removal ability due to the high specific surface areas, hydrogen bond connection, coordination effect and strong electrostatic interactions with anionic dyes. A maximum adsorption capacity of 2637 mg g-1 at neutral pH (ca.7) and 303 K was achieved for Ni2CO3(OH)2/SiO2 composite to adsorb Congo red, a representative anionic dye. Moreover, the composite has an excellent specificity for anionic dyes and could maintain above 95% removal efficiency after 5 cycles. Therefore, the as-prepared nanocomposites could be qualified as candidates for industrial environmental remedy. Furthermore, the proposed material preparation strategy could be extended to fabricate various advanced energy and environmental materials.

Regenerable magnetic aminated lignin/Fe3O4/La(OH)3 adsorbents for the effective removal of phosphate and glyphosate.

Phosphates and organophosphorus cause environmental pollution, and excessive phosphate leads to water eutrophication. Glyphosate, an organophosphorus herbicide, harms the environment and human health. In this study, regenerable magnetic AL/Fe3O4/La(OH)3 adsorbents were developed by modifying Fe3O4 and La(OH)3 on aminated lignin (AL) for phosphate and glyphosate removal. The adsorption capacity for phosphate and glyphosate reached 60.36 mg g-1 and 83.87 mg g-1 when the initial concentrations were 150 mg L-1 and 250 mg L-1, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Adsorption can be applied at pH values ranging from 3 to 11 and is more suitable under acidic conditions. Fe3O4 and La(OH)3 both enhanced the adsorption capacities of phosphate and glyphosate. Phosphate and glyphosate compete slightly when coexisting in the adsorption process at low concentrations. Due to the magnetic properties of Fe3O4, the adsorbents can be separated rapidly and effectively with an external magnetic field. 89% adsorption capacity remained after four adsorption-desorption recycles. Thus, AL/Fe3O4/La(OH)3 shows potential for phosphate and glyphosate removal as an effective and reusable adsorbent.

Activation of Humic Acid in Lignite Using Molybdate-Phosphorus Hierarchical Hollow Nanosphere Catalyst Oxidation: Molecular Characterization and Rice Seed Germination-Promoting Performances.

Although solid-phase activation of lignite using a nanocatalyst has great potential in producing low-cost and sustainable humic acid, the large-scale application of this technology still faces challenges because of the high price and toxicity of the nanocatalyst. Additionally, the specific molecular components of humic acid in activated lignite remain unknown. In this work, a multifunctional molybdate-phosphorus hierarchical hollow nanosphere (Mo-P-HH) catalyst was successfully manufactured by a simple way followed by phosphorization. In comparison with a commercial Pd/C catalyst, the multifunctional Mo-P-HH catalyst was more effective in producing water-soluble humic acid with small molecular functional groups from lignite via solid-phase activation. Moreover, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed the molecular compositions of humic acid in activated lignite. Compared with that from raw lignite, the humic acid after Mo-P-HH activation had less aromatic structure but higher content of lipids, proteins, amino sugar, and carbohydrates. In addition, the activated humic acid simulated seed germination and seedling growth. Therefore, this study provided a high-performance hierarchical hollow nanocatalyst for activation of humic acid and also offered the theoretical basis for the application of humic acid in agriculture.

CO2 -Assisted Fabrication of Defect-Engineered Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Here, a defect-engineered carbon nitride (DCN) electrocatalyst has been synthesized by directly annealing of a rationally designed urea precursor. The existence of defect sites was investigated by detailed characterizations. When loading a small amount of Ru nanoparticles, the obtained DCN catalyst offers excellent catalytic activity for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction.

Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic and Self-Healing Bionanocomposite-Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers.

Self-healing materials have received increased attention because of their automatic detecting and repairing damage function. In this paper, a novel self-assembly and self-healing bionanocomposite was developed as a coating material for controlled release fertilizers. This nanotechnology-enabled coating is environmentally friendly and highly efficient and possesses a tunable nutrient-releasing characteristic. In the synthesis process, bio-based polyurethane coated urea (BPCU) was prepared by the reaction of bio-polyols with isocyanate. The BPCU was then modified by the layer-by-layer technology to prepare self-assembling modified BPCU (SBPCU). Last, hollow nano-silica (HNS) particles loaded with the sodium alginate (SA) were used to modify SBPCU to fabricate of self-assembling and self-healing BPCU (SSBPCU). The results show that the self-assembled materials were synthesized through electrostatic adsorption. The self-healing was observed through scanning electron microscopy and 3D-X-ray computed tomography, revealing the mechanism was that the repair agent released from HNS reacted with the curing agent to block the pore channels and cracks of the coating. As a result, the SSBPCU exhibited the highest hydrophobicity and surface roughness and thus the slowest release rate. For the first time, this work has designed a novel strategy to solve the bottleneck problem that restricts the development of a controlled-release fertilizer.