Thyroid-disrupting effects and mechanism of thiazole-Zn-induced thyroid cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Thiazole-Zn is a systemic fungicide synthesized and developed in China that has been used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases on fruits and vegetables. Thiazole-Zn is a new thyroid disruptor chemical. The purpose of this study was to clarify the thyroid-disrupting property of thiazole-Zn and the mechanism responsible for thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis inhibition in male rats induced by thiazole-Zn. First, the effects of different thiazole-Zn doses and exposure times on the thyroid weights, thyroid morphology and serum hormone levels of rats were investigated. The results showed that thiazole-Zn increased thyroid weights and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and induced thyroid cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in a dose-related and time-related manner. Furthermore, measurement of thyroid radioiodine uptake in vivo in rats confirmed that thiazole-Zn inhibited active iodide uptake into the thyroid, which reduced circulating levels of serum T3 and T4. Decreases in circulating THs resulted in a compensatory increase in serum TSH levels through a negative feedback system. Subsequently, sustained excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH led to thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In addition, thiazole-Zn increased sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression in the rat thyroid, and the increased NIS expression promoted and restored iodide uptake into the thyroids of rats. The risk of iodine intake inhibition by thiazole-Zn to humans, especially susceptible individuals, such as children and pregnant women, warrants additional attention.

Cognitive status of professionalism among medical students: a case study of two universities in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the cognitive status of professionalism among medical college students and ways to cultivate physician professionalism.Methods:According to the literature and interview, we made the questionnaire on the cognition of physician professionalism among medical students. A total of 512 valid questionnaires (including e-questionnaires) were collected from medical students of Shantou University Medical College and Qingdao University Medical College of Shandong Province from May to September, 2017. SPSS 20.0 software was used to perform the normality and single-sample t-test on physician professionalism, professional cognition, professional emotion and professional willingness. Quantitative data was analyzed by cross-table chi-square test and mean-standard deviation. Results:The professional cognition scored lowest (3.62±0.50) in the three dimensions, the professional willingness scored the highest (4.35±0.58), and the professional emotional scored in the middle (4.05±0.48). There was significant difference in physician professionalism among medical students with different family background ( P<0.05), but no statistical difference in gender and school system. Conclusion:The results demonstrate a low-to-medium level of physician professionalism in medical students. We suggest to cultivate and promote physician professionalism from the aspects of emphasis on objectivity, and cultivation of humanism and service consciousness.

Metabolomics study of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate induced hepaotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To discuss the potential toxic target organ and the toxic effects and mechanisms of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) on SD rats.@*Methods@#40 female SD rats weaning from milk for 21 days, weighted (50±2.3)g were selected as subjects and marked by the weight. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group, 50 (L), 100 (M) and 250 (H) mg·kg-1·d-1 dose of TCEP group. Each group has 10 rats, and administrated the corresponding dose of drug or vehicle by mouth, quaque die for 60 days. All rats were sacrificed after the last administration. The livers and kidneys were dyed by HE for pathological observation; and the blood samples were collected to analyze the biochemical index. H1-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics methods coupling with histopathogy examination were used to investigate the toxic effects of TCEP.@*Results@#Inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic necrosis were observed in the liver of TCEP-treated rats. Inflammatory cells invaded and calcification/ossification foci were also found in renal of TCEP-treated rats and tumor hyperplasia were existed in renal tubule in H group. The level of HDL-C in the L, M and H group were separately (1.7±0.09) , (1.5±0.07) and (1.3±0.1) µmol/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ( (1.9±0.2) µmol/L) (P<0.05) . The activity of cholinesterase (CHE) in the L, M and H group were separately (918±14.8) , (828±28.6) and (674±36.5) U/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ((1056±28.8) µmol/L) (P<0.05). Moreover, The level of creatinine (CRE) in the L, M and H group were separately (29.8±4.6) , (28.9±5.3) and (25.8±6.2) µmol/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ((30.2±3.9) µmol/L) (P<0.05). In the H group, the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the contents of total bilirubin (TBIL), glucose (GLU) and uric acid (UA) were all significantly higher than the results in control group. The results of 1H-NMR metabolomics showed that the contents of lactate, glycine, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and phosphatidylcholine in blood of rats would decrease by TCEP exposure, while N-acetylglycoprotein, acetate, alanine, glucose, lipids, lipoproteins and fatty acids would increase.@*Conclusion@#TCEP caused disorders in endogenous energy metabolism, leading to the pathological changes of inflammatory cells infiltration and necrosis in liver and kidney, caused enzyme activity changes of ALT, ALP and the content changes of other liver and kidney injury-related markers.

Thoughts About Current Medical Professional Ethics Education / 中国医学伦理学

Nowadays the education of medical professional ethics has been obviously weakened.We can see that from some mainly expressions: There are many prejudices about medical ethics and the medical ethics education seems not very effective.But the medical professional ethics education is an important part of medical education,which directly affects the healthy development of medical and hygienic enterprise.And we must correct it,enhance it.We should inherit the good quarters of traditional medical ethics,reestablish the humanism medicine,promote virtue of medical personnel increasing,and establish the professional ethics of medical students before they become doctors.