[Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Rural Population in Burkina Faso]. / Prévalence du Diabète et Facteurs de Risque Cardiovasculaire Associés dans une Population Rurale au Burkina Faso.

Objective: Rural areas are currently facing lifestyle changes which greatly contribute to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases in a rural population in Burkina Faso. Methodology: We collected demographic and clinical data, and we also performed capillary glucose testing for all the participants aged 16 years and above in five administrative communities in the province of Zandoma. Results: In all, 970 individuals, with a mean age of 49.06 years (SD = 16.97), volunteered to participate in the screening. Most of them were aged between 40 and 65 years old (48.5%) and 57.5% were females. The prevalence of diabetes was 5.7%, and 9% of participants had an FPG level between 1.10 g/l and 1.26 g/l. A family history of diabetes was found in 4.3% of the cases. Looking at the other cardiovascular risk factors, we found 24.3% of the participant to be overweight or obese, 23.6% had High Blood Pressure. Age (p = 0.001), Employment Status (p = 0.015), Body Mass Index (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes is prevalent in rural areas in Burkina Faso, along with a significant proportion of prediabetes cases. Age, Employment Status, and BMI are the principal associated factors.

[Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections and prospects for empiric antibiotic therapy in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. / Étude de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des bactéries isolées lors de l'infection du pied diabétique et perspectives d'antibiothérapie à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to study the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections to help improve empiric antibiotic prescription in Ouagadougou, where bacteriological testing is rarely possible. METHOD: This cross-sectional study took place from July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012, in the departments of internal medicine and general and gastrointestinal surgery in the Yalgado Ouédraogo teaching hospital. Bacteria were isolated from diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic sensitivity was tested by the qualitative method (Kirby-Bauer). RESULTS: The study included 64 patients, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range: 48-75) and a M/F sex ratio of 1.37. Among them, 39 had received antibiotics before hospitalization. Among the 71 samples, 62 cultures (87%) were positive: 53 for a single microbe (85%) and 9 for two microbes (15%). Microorganisms were mainly aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (76%), including Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (33%) and Streptococcus spp (18%). These Gram-positive cocci were highly sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and oxacillin. No methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae (24 %) were highly susceptible to imipenem and ticarcillin, but not to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) were isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. CONCLUSION: Despite our study's limitations, our findings show that most diabetic foot infections can be successfully treated with standard antibiotics.

[The bacterial microflora of diabetic foot infection and factors determining its spectrum in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. / Écologie bactérienne et facteurs déterminant le profil bactériologique du pied diabétique infecté à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

The aim of the study was to describe the bacterial microflora of diabetic foot infection and to identify the factors which determine the bacterial spectrum in order to increase empiric antibiotic prescription in Ouagadougou. The study was a cross-sectional one, carried from July 1st, 2011 to June 30, 2012 in the departments of internal medicine and general and digestive surgery in Yalgado Ouédraogo teaching hospital. Samples for bacteriological tests consisted of aspiration of pus through the healthy skin, curettage and swab of the base of the ulceration or tissue biopsy from foot lesions. The bacteria's sensitivity to antibiotics has been tested by the qualitative method (Kirby-Bauer). The frequency of diabetic foot infection was 14.45% and the monthly incidence 5.33. The mean age of patients was 56 years and the sex ratio 1.37. Foot ulcerations were chronic in 33 (51.56%), necrotic in 51 (79.69%) and associated with osteitis in 40 (62.5%) patients. Infection was grade 3 in 70.3% cases. Thirty-nine patients had received antibiotics before hospital admission. Among the 71 samples, 62 (87.32%) cultures were positive: 53 (85.48%) monomicrobial and 9 (14.52%) bimicrobial. Aerobic Gram-positive cocci (76%) were the most frequent from ulcerations: Staphylococcus aureus (32.39%), Streptococcus sp (18.30%). Negative coagulase staphylococci have been found in 23.94% cases. Aerobic gram-negative bacilli have been isolated from 24% ulcerations. No factor was associated with the type of bacteria. Gram-positive pathogen cocci showed a high sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and oxacillin. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or extended-spectrum beta lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) have been isolated. A better design is necessary to a clarification of bacterial flora in diabetic foot infections. Prevention of bacterial resistance is also needed.