Enhancing YOLO5 for the Assessment of Irregular Pelvic Radiographs with Multimodal Information.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in infants and young children. Accurate identification and localization of anatomical landmarks are prerequisites for the diagnosis of DDH. In recent years, various works have employed deep learning algorithms on radiography images for DDH diagnosis. However, none of these works have considered the incorporation of multimodal information. The pelvis exhibits distinct structures at different developmental stages, and there are also gender-based differences. In light of this, this study proposes a method to enhance the performance of deep learning models in diagnosing DDH by incorporating age and gender information into the channels. The study utilizes YOLO5 to construct a deep learning network for detecting hip joint landmarks. Moreover, a comprehensive dataset of 7750 pelvic X-ray images is established, covering ages from 4 months to 16 years and encompassing various conditions, such as deformities and post-operative cases, which authentically capture the temporal diversity and pathological complexities of DDH. Experimental results show that the YOLO5 model with integrated multimodal information achieves a mAP0.5-0.95 of 83.1% and a diagnostic accuracy of 86.7% in test dataset. The F1 scores for diagnosing cases of normal (NM), suspected dislocation (SD), mild dislocation (MD), and heavily dislocation (HD) are 90.9%, 79.8%, 63.5%, and 97.4%, respectively. Furthermore, experiments conducted on datasets of different sizes and networks of different sizes demonstrate the beneficial impact of multimodal information in improving the effectiveness of deep learning in diagnosing DDH.

Analysis of dynamic change of nutrition status in primary school children of Furong District of Changsha City from 2019 to 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional status of primary school children in Furong District of Changsha from 2019 to 2020. METHODS: The physical examination data of students from 35 primary schools (grade 1-6) in Furong District of Changsha in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2019 to October 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. General information of all children was collected for statistical analysis of malnutrition among children of different gender and age groups. RESULT: The overnutrition rate was 32.73% in 2020. This was 7.42% higher than 25.31% in 2019. The undernourishment rate was 4.70% in 2020. This was 3.94% lower than 8.64% in 2019. In 2019 and 2022, the obesity and overweight rates of boys were higher than those of girls (both P < 0.05). The rates of growth retardation (0.36%, 0.37%) for boys were higher than those for girls (0.27%, 0.24%). The rates of mild wasting (4.31%, 2.36%) were lower than those for girls (4.00%, 2.39%) in 2020 and 2019. The rates of moderate and severe wasting (4.06%, 1.98%) were higher than those for girls (2.75%, 1.47%). In 2020, the undernourishment rate for boys decreased by 4.02% compared to 2019. The undernourishment rate for girls decreased by 2.91% compared to 2019. The growth retardation rate for boys increased by 0.01% compared to 2019. The growth retardation rate for girls decreased by 0.03% compared to 2019. The mild wasting rate for boys decreased by 1.95% as compared to 2019. The mild wasting rate for girls decreased by 1.61% as compared to 2019. The moderate to severe emaciation rate in boys was 2.08% lower in 2020 than in 2019 and 1.28% lower in girls than in 2019. The malnutrition rates of children aged 6-11 decreased by 4.20%, 4.85%, 3.83%, 9.45%, 6.65%, and 6.45% in 2020 compared with that of 2019. CONCLUSION: Compared to 2019, the primary school students in Furong District had abnormal nutritional status in 2020. It is necessary to strengthen the management of children's health care to ensure the healthy growth of children.

Role of exosomes in bone and joint disease metabolism, diagnosis, and therapy.

Bone and joint diseases are prevalent and often fatal conditions in elderly individuals. Additionally, bone-derived cells may release exosomes that package and distribute a range of active substances, such as proteins, miRNAs, and numerous active factors, thereby facilitating material and information interchange between cells. Exososmes generated from bone may be utilized to manage bone production and resorption balance or even as biological or gene therapy carriers, depending on their properties and composition. In this review, we will discuss the composition, secretion, and uptake theory of exososmes, the role of exososmes in bone metabolism regulation, the pathogenesis and diagnosis of bone and joint diseases, and the application of exososmes in regenerative medicine. The findings will expand our understanding of the potential research and application space regarding exososmes.

Characterization of Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance in Commercially Produced Cheeses Sold in China.

ABSTRACT: The consumption of cheese in the People's Republic of China is increasing rapidly. Little is known about the microbiota, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, or the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in commercially produced cheeses sold in China. This information is important for evaluating quality and safety. This study was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the metagenomics of 15 types of cheese. Fourteen bacterial genera were detected, and Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus were dominant based on number of sequence reads. Multidrug-resistant lactic acid bacteria (i.e., resistant to two or more types of antibiotic) were isolated from most of the types of cheese. Of these isolates, 100 and 91.7% were resistant to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole, respectively, and genes involved in acquired resistance to streptomycin (strB) and sulfonamides (sul2) were detected with high frequency. To analyze the distribution of ARGs in the cheeses overall, 309 ARGs from eight categories and nine transposase genes were profiled. A total of 169 ARGs were detected in the 15 cheeses; their occurrence and abundance varied significantly between cheeses. Our study revealed diverse bacteria and ARGs in cheeses sold in China. The risks associated with multidrug resistance among dominant lactic acid bacteria are of great concern.

Analysis of Prevalence, Influencing Factors, and Countermeasures of Short Stature in Children and Adolescents Aged 6∼14 in Furong District, Changsha City, in 2020.

In recent years, children's and adolescents' growth and development issues have received increasing attention with the socioeconomic development. The etiology of child short stature involves heredity, race, sex, nutrition, and a variety of endocrine hormones, which is very complex. The age of 6∼14 is the key period of children's development. Understanding the height characteristics, the prevalence of short stature, and its influencing factors at this stage and formulating preventive measures as soon as possible are conducive to improving the average height of children and reducing the incidence of short stature. In this study, cluster sampling was used to select 56,865 children and adolescents aged 6∼14 years old from 40 primary and secondary schools in Furong District of Changsha City, and the height of each child and adolescent was measured. The results showed that the overall crude prevalence of short stature in children aged 6∼14 in Furong District of Changsha is 2.82%. Growth hormone level <10 µg/L, pubertal retardation, familial short stature, low egg intake, and intrauterine growth retardation are independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of short stature. In order to improve the status quo of short stature of children aged 6∼14 in Furong District, Changsha City, targeted intervention should be strengthened for people with combined high risk factors.

Supermicroscopy and arterio-venolization for digit replantation in young children after traumatic amputation: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: To report the application of supermicroscopy combined with arterio-venolization without venous anastomosis for replantation of digits following traumatic amputation in young children. CASE SUMMARY: In March 2016, we treated two children aged 2 years and 7 years with traumatic digit amputation, no venous anastomosis, and bilateral digital inherent arteries on the palmar side. Supermicroscopy combined with an arteriovenous technique was adopted to improve the replantation surgery. Postoperative management involved auxiliary treatments such as anticoagulation, composure, anti-inflammatory drugs, and insulation. After treatment, the amputated fingers survived completely without major complications, with good recovery. CONCLUSION: Supermicroscopy combined with arterio-venolization is a safe and effective approach to treat traumatic digit amputation in young children without venous anastomosis.

Percutaneous fixation of neonatal humeral physeal fracture: A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures are rare and difficult to diagnose. Thus, missed diagnoses and delayed healing are possible. Few studies have reported surgical treatment, because a callus may develop at the fracture site 5 d after the fracture, resulting in difficult reduction, and reduction of the limb may cause further physeal injury. Other surgical challenges include the provision of adequate anesthesia and complexity of the operation. However, without appropriate reduction and fixation, a varus elbow deformity may develop. Manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation are ideal treatment options. CASE SUMMARY: A 4-day-old neonate with left elbow pain accompanied by limited movement for 4 d was admitted, and diagnosed with delayed physeal fracture of the distal humerus based on physical examination, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated by manual reduction combined with percutaneous pin fixation under arthrography. Postoperatively, the reduction was successful. The upper limbs could have been lifted and the fingers could have been moved freely on the second day after the operation. CONCLUSION: The techniques of manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation, to treat neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures, are safe and reliable.

Effects of miR-432 and miR-548c-3p on the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of miR-432 and miR-548c-3p on the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. METHODS: A total of 67 cases of patients with osteosarcoma who came to the third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from April 2015 to May 2018 formed the experimental group, and 63 healthy individuals who came to this hospital for physical examination during the same period formed the control group. The expressions of miR-432 and miR-548c-3p in sera of each group were detected by RT-PCR to observe the changes of the expression levels of these miRs in the sera of the experimental and the control group, and the relationship between the expression levels of these miRs in the sera of patients with osteosarcoma and the grade of tumor differentiation and different pathological classification. GM-63 cells were selected as the target for in vitro experiments which were cultured and transfected. Before transfection, cells were divided into blank group (without transfection), negative control group (transfected with miR NC) and experimental group (transfected with miR-432 mimics/miR-548c-3p mimics). Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and cell invasion by transwell invasion experiment. RESULTS: miR-423 and miR-548c-3p showed low expression in osteosarcoma, and the overexpression of miR-432 and miR-548c-3p in osteosarcoma cells could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and promote their apoptosis. miR-432 and miR-548c-3p might be tumor suppressors of osteosarcoma, and their expression levels could be used as important reference indexes to evaluate the benign and malignant levels of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the abnormal expressions of miR-432 and miR-548c-3p may be key factors of the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma.

Keratin 8 limits TLR-triggered inflammatory responses through inhibiting TRAF6 polyubiquitination.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation and the detailed mechanisms by which TLR signaling is fine tuned remain unclear. Keratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II keratin family and is the major compontent of the intermediate filaments of simple or single-layered epithelia. Here we report that down-regulation of CK8 in mice enhanced TLR-mediated responses, rendering mice more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock and Escherichia coli-caused septic peritonitis with reduced survival, elevated levels of inflammation cytokines and more severe tissue damage. We found that CK8 suppressed TLR-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and interacted with the adaptor tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to prevent its polyubiquitination. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of CK8 in negative regulation of TLR/NF-κB signaling and highlight a previously unidentified nonclassical function for CK8 in limiting inflammatory responses.

[Effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment of anterior cruciate ligament tibial eminence avulsion fracture with non-absorbable suture fixation combined with mini-plate].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical techniques and effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial eminence avulsion fracture with non-absorbable suture fixation combined with the miniplate. METHODS: Between January 2009 and March 2012, 32 patients with ACL tibial eminence avulsion fractures were treated. There were 18 males and 14 females, aged 12-40 years (mean, 17.5 years). The injury causes included traffic accident injury in 15 cases, sport injury in 6 cases, and falling injury in 11 cases. The time from injury to operation ranged 7-18 days with an average of 9.5 days. Before operation, the results of Lachman test were all positive; the Lysholm score was 52.13 +/- 4.22 and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 44.82 +/- 2.44. According to Meyers-McKeever classification criteria, there were 12 cases of type II and 20 cases of type III. After arthroscopic poking reduction of fracture, tibial eminence avulsion fractures were fixed with the Ethibond non-absorbable sutures bypass figure-of-eight tibial tunnel combined with the metacarpal and phalangeal mini-plate. RESULTS: Primary healing was obtained in all incisions; no joint infection or skin necrosis occurred after operation. All patients were followed up with an average time of 22.4 months (range, 12-50 months). The patients showed negative Lachman test at 12 weeks after operation. Except 3 patients having knee extension limitation at last follow-up, the knee extension range of motion (ROM) was normal in the other patients; the knee flexion ROM was normal in all patients. The Lysholm score and IKDC score were significantly improved to 94.19 +/- 0.93 and 94.35 +/- 1.22 at last follow-up, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative values (t = 55.080, P = 0.000; t = 101.715, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic treatment of ACL tibial eminence avulsion fracture with Ethibond non-absorbable suture fixation combined with mini-plate is an effective procedure with the advantages of minimal trauma, reliable fixation, and satisfactory recovery of the knee joint function.

[Active surveillance on Listeria monocytogenes in seven kinds of food in 11 provinces of China in 2001].

OBJECTIVE: To carry out national active surveillance on Listeria monocytogenes in foods in China. METHODS: Four thousand and thirty-four random samples from raw meat, meat product, raw milk, vegetable, yoghurt, icecream and aquatic product were collected in 11 provinces (cities), and examined for Listeria monocytogenes according to the national standard method and confirmed by BAX system (DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington, DE). RESULTS: Seventy isolates four kinds of foods in seven provinces were found to have LM according to the national standard method with a total isolate rate of 1.74%. In Fujian, the rate was higher than in the other provinces. Raw meat was found to be most heavily contaminated in seven kinds of foods. Comparing to national standard method, BAX system showed good sensitivity (> 98%) and specificity (> 97%). CONCLUSION: In each province seven kinds of food were all contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes to some degrees, suggesting that local sanitary surveillance should be strengthened. BAX system can be used to correctly and quickly screen Listeria monocytogenes.