Composite water value: A way forward to balance the development and protection of transboundary lakes.

Transboundary lakes are shared by multiple administrative regions. The key to balance the development and protection of transboundary lakes is to properly measure the value of water resources. Most of previous studies on the measurement of lake water resources value have not fully considered the ecosystem service function. This paper proposes a new concept "composite water value" to measure the value of transboundary lakes by integrating the external runoff value and the internal runoff value of water resources. The study constructs a composite water value measurement system for transboundary lakes, further analyzes its influencing factors,and applies the system to the case of Nansi Lake, a representative transboundary lake in eastern China. The results show that: (1) The composite water value of lakes is influenced by various factors, including industrial structure, water withdrawal, and water use methods, which impact the external runoff water value; meanwhile, the composite water quality and fluctuations in lake level are closely associated with the internal runoff water value. From 2008 to 2021, the average annual composite water value of Nansi Lake was 39.628 billion yuan, exhibiting a "rising-falling-fluctuating rising" trend due to pollution control policies, reduced precipitation, and enhanced water-saving technologies successively. (2) From a long-term perspective, it is necessary to focus on the internal runoff water use value of lakes. The internal runoff water value of Nansi Lake has been over 75% of the composite water value, and flood storage and water conservation are important manifestations of its ecosystem service value. (3) The external runoff water value of lake is closely related to the internal runoff water value, and relevant departments need to consider the balance between the water withdrawal of multiple cities along the lake and the retained water volume of the lake to achieve the maximum benefit of composite water value.

The association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the thickness of carotid plaque.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and atherosclerosis has been controversial, which has become a hit of recent research. The study aimed to explore the association between MASLD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD), and the thickness of carotid plaque which was assessed by ultrasound. METHODS: From September 2018 to June 2019, 3543 patients were enrolled. We asked participants to complete questionnaires to obtain information. All patients underwent liver ultrasound and bilateral carotid ultrasound to obtain carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and maximum carotid plaque thickness (CPT). Hepatic steatosis was quantified during examination according to Hamaguchi's ultrasonographic score, from 0 to 6 points. A score < 2 was defined as without fatty liver, and a score ≥ 2 was defined as fatty liver. Information about blood lipids was collected based on the medical records. RESULTS: We found common risk factors for CCVD events, MASLD, and atherosclerosis. There was a significant correlation between MASLD and carotid plaque, but not with CPT. No association was found between MASLD and CCVD events. CPT and IMT were thicker in CCVD patients than in non-CCVD patients. No significant difference was found between IMT and CPT in MASLD patients and non-MASLD patients. CCVD was independently and consistently associated with higher IMT, and free fatty acid (FFA). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, we recommend carotid ultrasound examination of the patients when FFA is increased, regardless of the presence of risk factors and MASLD. Due to the distribution of CPT of both CCVD and MASLD patients in the CPT 2-4 mm group, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is necessary to assess the vulnerability of the plaque when CPT ≥ 2 mm. Timely treatment of vulnerable plaques may reduce the incidence of future CCVD events.

Effects of Butylphthalide Sodium Chloride Injection Combined with Edaravone Dexborneol on Neurological Function and Serum Inflammatory Factor Levels in Sufferers Having Acute Ischemic Stroke.

For investigating an influence on butylphthalide sodium chloride injection combined with edaravone dexborneol on neurological function and serum inflammatory factor levels in sufferers having acute ischemic stroke, 120 sufferers having acute ischemic stroke from September 2020 to September 2021 are chosen for the study subjects. In line with the diverse therapies, they took part in a control group and the study group, with 60 examples in each group. The control group is treated with edaravone dexborneol, and the study group is treated with butylphthalide sodium chloride injection, based on the control group. The posttreatment curative efficacy on the two groups is recorded, and treatment of both the two groups is compared. Before and after neurological function indexes (NIHSS and mRS), inflammatory factor indexes (IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α), life quality index (Barthel index), hemorheological indexes (plasma-specific viscosity), and neurological levels of NSE are logged and contrasted between the two groups of adverse reactions during therapy. Postcure, the overall response rate and Barthel index of the study group obviously overtop those of the control group (p < 0.05). IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, NSE, plasma specific viscosity, and NIHSS and mRS scores obviously hypodown those of the control group (p < 0.05), and untoward effects on the two groups during curing are lower, and the discrepancy is not obvious(p > 0.05). Butylphthalide sodium chloride injection combined with edaravone dexborneol can enhance curative efficacy on sufferers having acute ischemic stroke, improve neurological function, blood rheology, and quality of life, and decrease the secretion of cytokine, having a better effect and high medication safety.