RESUMO
Background: Kidney-tonifying herbs (KTHs) are widely used to treat unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation and mechanistic explanation for these treatments. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy, and to investigate the potential mechanisms, of KTH based on TCM for the treatment of URSA. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted within PubMed, Embase, China Biomedical Literature database, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the Wanfang database to find articles reporting on the Chinese herbal formula based around KTH for treating URSA, which were published between January 2010 and June 2021. A full bibliometric analysis was carried out; in addition, randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles were selected for systematic evaluation and meta-analysis. The drugs with the highest frequency of KTHs were screened for meta-analysis. Finally, network analysis and molecular docking were used to study the key components and potential pathway of KTHs in the treatment of URSA. Results: The meta-analysis included nine RCTs involving 1,054 subjects. Compared with the control groups, the clinical efficacy of TCM-based KTHs in the treatment of URSA patients significantly improved outcomes. Additionally, a component target pathway network was identified, which included 32 potential blood activating components and 113 main targets. Japonine, sopranol, lysine, and matrine were considered the most important bioactive molecules for KTHs. The key potential therapeutic pathway for URSA was a tumor-related signaling pathway. The target genes for URSA regulated by KTHs were highly similar to tumor biological processes such as the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways, inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and epithelial metabolic transition. Conclusion: KTH has great potential for treating URSA. Because the maintenance of pregnancy has a high similarity with tumor invasion, the research relating to tumor mechanisms should also be followed up as it may lead to new ideas and breakthroughs for research into URSA. At the same time, embryonic and decidual cells share a high degree of cellular heterogeneity and spatial structural complexity with tumor cells, and a single cell combined with spatial omics may be the best future approach for validating KTH mechanisms.
RESUMO
A simple and efficient method was established based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate and detect thirteen analytes of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols (xylose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, 1-kestose, nystose, 1F-fructofuranosyl nystose, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol) in foods. The separation was performed on an NH2 column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phases. The analytes were detected by an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). All the thirteen sugars had good linearities within 0.1 - 5 g/L with the correlation coefficients between 0.9901 - 0.9996. The limits of detection (LOD) were all less than 0.1 g/L. The precisions of the method expressed as RSDs were in the range of 2.69% -7.21%. The recoveries of the thirteen analytes spiked in real samples ranged from 96.1% to 105.2%. This method was applied to the actual sample testings and the results showed the food labels were greatly different from the actual compositions.
