Party branches, policy perception and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Chinese private enterprises.

Introduction: Party branches embedded in private enterprises are a unique phenomenon in the Chinese economy, but few studies have focused on the economic consequences. We hope to explore the impact of party branches on small and medium-sized private enterprises' corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China in order to fill the gaps in current research. Methods: Data were used from the 11th Chinese Private Enterprise Survey (CPES) in 2014. The study uses the methodology of fixed effect model, mediation analysis and moderation analysis. Moreover, propensity score matching and Heckman two-step method deal with the endogeneity problem and check the robustness of the results. Results: We find that, first, the embedding of party branches will improve the CSR performance of private enterprises in various dimensions by enhancing the perception of private enterprises in policy; second, in various influence pathways, the party branches will enhance the perceptions of policy related to economic interests, which has a more significant impact on enhancing the performance of philanthropic CSR. Further research reveals that business owners' first-given and later-generated political connections support the party branches' perception of policies related to economic and social interests, respectively. Discussion: The findings suggest that political intervention by China's ruling party in private firms promotes CSR performance, but this is influenced by the political connections of the firm owners. In addition to providing empirical support for the study of corporate behavior in the Chinese context, this paper identifies the impact and development trajectory of the party branches of China's ruling party on CSR. However, this paper does not discuss the implicit costs required for party branches to promote CSR, and we hope that future research will make further explorations.

Complications of chemoembolization for hepatic neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: To present a safe and effective approach to chemoembolization for hepatic neoplasms, and to discuss the complications of chemoembolization and ways of avoiding them. METHODS: The techniques and experience described herein are based on clinical practice at Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China, where over 200 chemoembolization procedures are performed yearly, and on the results of an intensive review of 1054 chemoembolization procedures performed between July 1997 and December 2005. RESULTS: There were complications as follow: 5 cases with celiac artery branch embolization, gastric uptake in 4, 6 with gallbladder uptake and infarction, splenic uptake and infarction in 8, liver infarction and abscess formation in 3, and hepatorenal syndrome in 4, liver rupture in 2, lung uptake in 6, and spinal cord injury in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: There are numerous potential errors and complications associated with chemoembolization for unresectable liver tumors. A good understanding of the congenital and acquired variations of arterial anatomy that may be seen supplying the liver is required.