The Happiness, Hardiness, and Humor Styles of Students with a Bachelor's Degree in Sport Sciences.

Happiness, psychological hardiness, and humor ("the 3Hs") are useful ways of assessing resilience to stress in positive psychology. The literature analyzing their confluence regarding sports is scarce. This study aims to analyze the participants' 3H levels and the relationships between those levels and specific variables. The Psychological Hardiness Scale (Psikolojik Dayaniklilik Olcegi, PDO), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF), and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) were used. Students in pedagogical formation training during the 2016⁻2017 fall semester have participated in the study (N = 211). Significant differences were found regarding the levels of psychological hardiness in relation to gender, type of sport, and years of participation, and, in humor types regarding the variables of gender, age, residence and perceived income. There were significant differences in all instruments regarding gender. Negative relationships were found between the "aggressive humor" and "challenge" and "self-commitment" sub-dimensions of PDO, while the relationships were positive between "self-enhancing humor" and PDO and OHQ-SF, and between "affiliative humor" style and PDO and OHQ-SF. This study enhances the positive socio-psychological account in the literature by incorporating the issues of 3H and provides an understanding of particularities that may help improve the practice of relevant experts and individuals.

[Mold hypersensitivity in children with frequent respiratory tract infection and prolonged cough attacks]. / Sik solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve uzamis öksürük ataklari olan çocuklarda küf duyarliligi

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate pollen, mite and mold sensitivities among children with frequent respiratory tract infection living in damp apartments and to evaluate the effects of separated parents, education status, ethnicity, the presence of siblings, and their atopy status on the development of atopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 2012 and September 2013, 63 children (28 girls, 35 boys; mean age 80.2 years; range 24 to 97 years) who were admitted to Acibadem Bodrum Hospital with at least six respiratory tract infection per year with mold exposure and prolonged cough attacks and underwent skin prick test (SPT) were included. Skin prick test-positive patients were further divided into groups according to the upper respiratory tract (URT) or lower respiratory tract (LRT) involvement and were assessed for mold, mite and pollen sensitivities. RESULTS: One-third of the patients were SPT positive. The parents of these patients had physician-diagnosed allergy (p<0.05). Most patients with mite sensitivity presented with URT and LRT findings (p<0.05). Pollen-sensitive patients had predominantly URT findings (p<0.05). All children with mold sensitivity presented with LRT findings (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Atopic children may experience more frequent LRT symptoms when exposed to molds than non-atopic children. Mold exposure may also cause inflammation at LRT without causing immunoglobulin E-dependent sensitization.