Resveratrol alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway activity via the reduction of O-GlcNAcylation of STAT3 in intestinal epithelial cells.

The role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasingly highlighted in recent studies. It's been reported that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) O-GlcNAcylation can affect the activity of the Janus kinase2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway.Our recent study showed that resveratrol repairsIBDin mice.On this basis,the present study aimed to explore whether the mechanism of IBD repair by resveratrol is associated with STAT3 O-GlcNAcylation. Pretreatment of colitis mice and intestinal epithelial cells with an O-GlcNAcylation promoter (Thiamet G, or Glucosamine) and an O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor (OSMI-1) showed that increased O-GlcNAcylation promoted colitis in mice.The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) -6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were increased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was decreased. Moreover, the downstream target proteins of JAK2/STAT3, cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase 2 were up-regulated, Resveratrol treatment mitigated the inflammation by decreasing JAK2/STAT3 activity, as well as STAT3 O-GlcNAcylation. Finally, the correlation between STAT3 glycosylation and phosphorylation in intestinal epithelial cells under the effect of resveratrol was investigated by Immunofluorescence co-localization and immunoprecipitation.The results showed that resveratrol inhibited STAT3 O-GlcNAcylation, thereby inhibiting its phosphorylation, reducing JAK2/STAT3 pathway activity, and alleviating IBD.

Synthetic MRI to Assess Neurological Injury in Recovered COVID-19 Patients / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo assess the microstructural involvement of gray matter in recovered COVID-19 patients using Synthetic MRI. MethodsThis study was conducted in 29 recovered COVID-19 patients， including severe group （SG， n=11） and ordinary group （OG， n=18）. Healthy volunteers matched by age， sex， BMI and years of education were selected as a healthy control group （HC=23 cases）. Each subject underwent synthetic MRI to generate quantitative T1 and T2 maps， and the T1 and T2 maps were segmented into 90 regions of interest （ROIs） using automatic anatomical labeling （AAL） mapping. T1 and T2 values for each ROI were obtained by averaging all voxels within the ROIs. The T1 and T2 values of the 90 brain regions between the three groups were compared. ResultsRelative to HC， the SG had significantly higher T2 values in bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus， bilateral parahippocampal gyrus， bilateral putamen， bilateral middle temporal gyrus， bilateral Inferior temporal gyrus， left orbital superior frontal gyrus， left orbital inferior frontal gyrus， left gyrus rectus， left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri， right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri， left posterior cingulate gyrus， and left supramarginal gyrus （P＜0.05）； Relative to OG， SG showed significantly increased T2 values in the left rectus gyrus， left parahippocampal gyrus， bilateral middle temporal gyrus， and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus （P＜0.05）. Relative to HC， the T1 values of SG were significantly increased in bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus， left rectus gyrus， left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri， right posterior cingulate gyrus， left parahippocampal gyrus， left lingual gyrus， left putamen， left thalamus（P＜0.05）； Relative to OG， the T1 values of SG were significantly higher in the right posterior cingulate gyrus， right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex， and left putamen （P＜0.05）. ConclusionsEven after recovering from COVID-19， patients may still have persistent or delayed damage to their brain gray matter structure， which is correlated with the severity of the condition. SyMRI can serve as a sensitive tool to assess the extent of microstructural damage to the central nervous system， aiding in early diagnosis of the disease.

Effect of decision aid intervention on fear of falling in elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of decision aid on the fear of falling in elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty.Methods:This study was a quasi experimental research. From June 2021 to November 2021, 84 patients after total hip arthroplasty who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects. According to the order of admission, they were divided into the control group (42 cases, 2 cases fell off ) and the observation group (42 cases). The control group was given routine nursing care and guidance for fear of falling, while the observation group was given a decision-making aid intervention program on the basis of the control group. The time to first getting out of bed, the scores of Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were compared between two groups.Results:The time to get out of bed for the first time in the observation group was (42.71 ± 6.41) h, lower than that in the control group (49.95 ± 5.73) h, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.38, P<0.05). Twelve weeks after discharge, the GAD-7 score in the observation group was (4.64 ± 1.43), which was lower than that of the control group (6.85 ± 1.83), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=6.10, P<0.05). The score of the MFES in the observation group was [8.50(8.00,10.00)], which was higher than that in the control group [7.50(7.00,8.00)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-6.26, P<0.05). The hip joint function score of the observation group was (81.74 ± 4.24), which was higher than that of the control group (74.30 ± 4.51), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.69, P<0.05). Conclusions:Decision support can advance the time of downward movement of elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty, reduce their anxiety and fear of falling, and improve hip function.

Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of disaster preparedness of nursing organization among newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of disaster preparedness of nursing organization among newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city and analyze the influencing factors in order to provide theoretical basis for further improving the standardized training program for newly recruited nurses.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From December 2021 to March 2022, 964 newly recruited nurses from 4 tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city were selected as the survey objects by convenient sampling method. The general information questionnaire and Hospital Nursing Department Disaster Preparedness Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Disordered multiple classification Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of disaster preparedness of hospital nursing organization.Results:The disaster preparedness score of nursing organization of newly recruited nurses was (37.62 ± 7.57) points. The results of disordered multiple classification Logistic regression showed that the factors influencing the disaster preparedness level of nursing organization of newly recruited nurses were whether they had participated in disaster rescue work and the degree of attention paid by nursing organizations to disaster rescue training (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The disaster preparedness of the nursing organization of newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city was at a medium level. Nursing managers should pay attention to the disaster preparedness of newly recruited nurses, develop their core abilities for disaster rescue according to their influencing factors, and incorporate disaster preparedness related contents on the basis of standardized training programs.

The value of serum miR-320 expression in predicting the prognosis of sepsis children complicated with acute kidney injury / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of serum levels of miR-320 in sepsis children complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:A total of 158 sepsis children with complicated with AKI who were admitted to Hainan Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2017 to June 2019 were divided into survival group (105 cases) and death group (53 cases) according to their 28-day survival.Serum levels of miR-320, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected in the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of death in children with sepsis complicated with AKI.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the value of serum levels of miR-320, NGAL, KIM-1 and Scr in predicting the death of children with sepsis complicated with AKI.The correlation between serum levels of miR-320 and NGAL, KIM-1 and Scr was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The serum levels of miR-320 (1.28±0.47 vs. 0.54±0.12), NGAL [(537.40±48.26) mg/L vs. (285.60±29.40) mg/L], KIM-1 [(26.80±5.72) μg/ L vs. (16.35±3.17) μg/L] and Scr[(573.70±105.46) μmol/L vs. (390.64±74.38) μmol/L] in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum levels of miR-320 ( OR=2.280, 95% CI: 1.483-4.380), NGAL ( OR=2.753, 95% CI: 1.826-5.227), KIM-1 ( OR=1.985, 95% CI: 1.274-3.518) and Scr ( OR=1.714, 95% CI: 1.105-2.986) were independent risk factors for death in sepsis children with AKI (all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (0.952, 95% CI: 0.894-0.990) of serum miR-320, NGAL, KIM-1 and Scr levels combined to predict the death of children with sepsis and AKI was the largest, with a high sensitivity and specificity of 95.8% and 90.6%.Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of serum miR-320 in the death group was positively correlated with NGAL, KIM-1 and Scr ( r=0.874, 0.830, 0.702, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Serum levels of miR-320 are significantly increased in sepsis children with AKI, which is an independent risk factor for death in sepsis children with AKI.The combination of NGAL, KIM-1 and Scr levels has important value in predicting the prognosis of children with AKI.

Application and optimization of RT-PCR in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection

BackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global threat to public health. Aiming to construct an efficient screening pattern, we comprehensively evaluated the performances of RT-PCR and chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19. MethodsThe records including demographics, RT-PCR, and CT from 87 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 481 exclusion cases were collected. The diagnostic accuracy of the pharyngeal swab RT-PCR, CT, combination with the second pharyngeal swab RT-PCR or with CT were evaluated individually. Besides, all the stool RT-PCR results were plotted by time to explore the value of stool RT-PCR. FindingsCombination of RT-PCR and CT has the higher sensitivity (91.9%,79/86) than RT-PCR alone (78.2%,68/87) or CT alone (66.7%, 54 of 81) or combination of two RT-PCR tests (86.2%,75/87). There was good agreement between RT-PCR and CT (kappa-value, 0.430). In 34 COVID-19 cases with inconsistent results, 94.1% (n=32) are mild infection, 62.5% of which (20/32) showed positive RT-PCR. 46.7% (35/75) COVID-19 patients had at least one positive stool during the course. Two cases had positive stool earlier than the pharyngeal swabs. Importantly, one patient had consecutive positive stool but negative pharyngeal swabs. InterpretationCombination of RT-PCR and CT with the highest sensitivity is an optimal pattern to screen COVID-19. RT-PCR is superior to CT in diagnosing mild infections. Stool RT-PCR should be considered as an item for improving discovery rate and hospital discharge. This study shed light for optimizing scheme of screening and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection. FundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81502104), National Program on Key Basic Research Project (No. 2018YFC0910600),the Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No: 2017A030313771 and 2020A151501001) and the Young Teachers Nurturing Program of Sun Yat-Sen University (Grant No:17ykpy62)

Timing of permanent tooth emergence and its association with physical growth among children aged from four to seven years in nine cities of China / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the timing of permanent tooth emergence and its association with physical growth among children aged 4-7 years in 9 cities of China, and to analyze the trend of permanent teeth development.@*Methods@#According to a stratified cluster sampling design, a cross-sectional survey on the timing of permanent tooth emergence children aged 4-7 years was carried out in 9 cities (Beijing, Harbin and Xi′an in northern China; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in central China; Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China) from June to October in 2015. A total of 37 973 children (19 035 boys and 18 938 girls) were recruited and were divided into different age groups (4.0-<4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-5.5 and 6.0-<7.0 years of age). The situation of the exfoliation of primary teeth and the eruption of permanent teeth were investigated. Height and weight were measured using the standardized methods. Z-scores of physical growth indicators were calculated using the growth standards for Chinese children in 2009. Probit regression analysis was used to determine the median and percentile age of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth. Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data and t test was used for comparison of measurement data between boys and girls, urban and suburban as well as among different ages and regions. Meanwhile, the data from the national survey on physical growth and development of children under 7 years of age in 9 cities of China in 1995 were used to analyze the trends of the permanent teeth development.@*Results@#The rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in 37 973 children aged 4-7 years was higher with age, which was 0.6% (42/7 568) in 4.0-<4.5 years of age group, 30.3% (2 295/7 583) in 5.5-<6.0 years of age group, and 74.5% (5 680/7 627) in 6.0-<7.0 years of age group. The rates of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in boys were all lower than those of girls except for children aged 4.0-<4.5 years (all P<0.01). The rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in urban children was higher than that in suburban children for older than 5.5-6.0 years of age group in boys and older than 4.5-5.0 years of age group in girls, which was 74.2% (1 427/1 924) in urban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years and 69.2% (1 305/1 885) in suburban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years (χ2=11.446, P<0.01). The age of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth was 6.00 (95%CI: 5.98-6.01) years and the range of the 3-97 percentile was 4.88-7.11 years of age. The median permanent tooth emergence age of girls was lower than that of boys (5.94 vs. 6.06 years) and the median age of urban children was lower than that of suburban children (5.94 vs. 6.05 years). The median permanent tooth emergence age of southern Chinese children (6.05 years) was higher than that of northern (5.97 years) and central Chinese children (5.97 years). The weight for age Z-scores (WAZ), height for age Z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age Z-scores (BMIZ) of children with transition from deciduous to permanent teeth (0.35±1.17, 0.32±1.00, 0.23±1.16) were significantly higher than those of children without transition from deciduous to permanent teeth (0.03±1.13, 0.03±1.02, 0.04±1.13, t=20.81,21.67,12.09, all P<0.05). In comparison with the data in 1995, data in 2015 showed that the rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth was higher, for example, the rate of urban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years group was 63.8% (1 146/1 796) in 1995, and increased to 74.2% (1 427/1 924) in 2015 (χ2=46.748, P<0.01). The median permanent tooth emergence age decreased by 0.24 years in 2015 as compared with that in 1995.@*Conclusions@#The development of permanent teeth is earlier in girls than in boys, earlier in urban children than in suburban children and slightly delay in southern children than in central and northern Chinese children. In addition, the development of permanent teeth, which is related to the physical growth, slightly accelerate in China during the past 20 years.

Survey on the stunting of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To survey the children under 7 years of age in nine cities of China for a better understanding of the current situation of childhood stunting.@*Methods@#According to a stratified cluster sampling design, a cross-sectional survey on children under 7 years of age was carried out in 9 cities (Beijing, Harbin and Xi′an in northern China; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in central China; and Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China) from June to November in 2016. A total of 110 499 children were recruited. Height of children was evaluated using the growth standards for Chinese children (2009 edition) .Children with height less than the 3rd percentile of the growth standards were considered as stunting, and children with height between the 3rd and 10th percentiles of the growth standards were considered as relatively short stature. Chi-square test was used for comparison between data of boys and girls, urban and suburban, as well as among different ages and regions.@*Results@#Totally 113 084 children under 7 years of age should be investigated and actually 110 499 children were investigated, with a rate of 97.7%. The prevalence of stunting was 1.9% (2 141/110 499) among all the children. The prevalence of stunting in urban children (1.6%, 904/55 524) was lower than that in suburban children (2.3%, 1 237/54 975, χ2=56.246, P<0.01). The gender difference in stunting prevalence was not statistically significant (1.9% (1 121/57 921) in boys and 1.9% (1 020/52 578) in girls, χ2=0.003, P=0.965). The prevalence of stunting decreased with age for children younger than 3 years, from 1.8% (312/17 080) in 0-<1 year of age group to 1.2% (168/13 740) in 2-<3 years of age group, but increased to 2.2% (240/11 073) at 6-<7 years group. Comparison among different regions showed that the stunting prevalence in southern region was higher than those in the central and northern regions (0.9% (193/20 374) in northern urban, 0.8% (154/18 486) in central urban, and 3.3% (557/16 664) in southern urban children), showing a statistical significance (χ2=437.736, P<0.01); 1.1% (241/21 924) in northern suburban, 1.4% (227/16 775) in central suburban and 4.7% (769/16 276) in southern suburban children, showing a statistical significance (χ2=646.533, P<0.01). In urban areas, the difference between the central and northern regions showed no statistical significance (χ2=1.429, P=0.232) and the stunting prevalence of central Chinese children was slightly higher than that of northern Chinese children in suburban areas (χ2=5.130, P=0.024). Among the nine cities, the stunting prevalence of Guangzhou (6.1%, 613/10 019) was higher than those of other cities (χ2=1 559.64, P<0.01). Among the stunting children, 78.4% (1 679/2 141) were classified as borderline or mild and only 7.2% (154/2 141) were classified as severe. The prevalence of relatively short stature was 5.2% (5 721/110 499).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of stunting among children under 7 years of age in nine cities of China is low and most of the stunting children were classified as mild; the prevalence of stunting in suburban children is higher than that in urban children; the gender difference show no statistical significance; and the prevalence of stunting in southern Chinese children is higher than those in central and northern Chinese children.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of chronic acute liver failure / 中国基层医药

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the most common type of liver failure.Although artificial liver support systems and liver transplantation provide a favorable means for the treatment of liver failure, the mortality rate of liver failure remains high.At present, liver failure is a hot spot and a difficult point in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and liver failure does bring a great economic burden to society and families.This article reviews the definition, pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment of chronic acute liver failure.

Breastfeeding rates of children under two years old in nine cities of China from 1985 to 2015:a comparison between urban and suburban areas / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To analyze the breastfeeding rate of children under two years of age in nine cities of China in 2015 and variations in breastfeeding patterns from 1985 to 2015. Methods All data were collected from a series of national cross-sectional surveys "National Growth Survey of Children under Seven Years Old in Nine Cities of China" (urban and suburban areas of Beijing, Haerbin, Xi'an, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming) conducted from each May to October in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Stratified cluster sampling was used to select healthy children at least 150 in each subpopulation. Feeding patterns within 24 h prior to investigation were analyzed through face-to-face interviews using a self-made questionnaire. The rates of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding were described as composition ratios. The difference between urban and suburban areas was analyzed by Chi-square test and the weaning age was calculated with a Probit model. Results (1) In 2015, the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age was 48.8% (9 143/18 722) in urban areas and 48.4% (8 652/17 878) in suburban areas, and the breastfeeding rates at one and two years old were 36.1% (1 351/3 746) and 5.8% (211/3 668) in urban areas and 29.9% (1 128/3 776) and 4.3% (157/3 683) in suburbs. The differences of breastfeeding patterns in ≥1-<2, ≥2-<3, ≥ 3-<4, ≥ 5-<6, ≥ 10-<12, ≥ 12-<15, ≥ 18-<21 and ≥ 21-<24 months of age were all significantly between suburbs and urban areas (χ2=8.575-36.299, all P<0.01). The age at weaning age was 9.4 months and 9.3 months in urban and suburban areas, respectively. (2) From 1985 to 2005, breastfeeding rates showed a decreasing trend, especially in suburban areas where the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age decreased from 60.2% (8 898/14 780) to 42.5% (6 487/15 261) and the continuous breastfeeding rate decreased from 60.1% (2 164/3 600) to 27.6% (783/2 838) at the age of one and from 8.9% (320/3 600) (in 1995) to 3.0% (85/2 850) in 2015 at the age of two. However, from 2005 to 2015, breastfeeding rates were on the rise, especially in urban areas in which the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age increased from 32.8% (5 176/15 782) to 48.8% (9 143/18 722) and the continuous breastfeeding rates at one and two years old respectively increased from 17.0% (499/2 940) to 36.1% (1 351/3 746) and from 1.2% (34/2 856) to 5.8% (211/3 668). Conclusions There are great changes in breastfeeding patterns for Chinese children in the nine cities from 1985 to 2015. In the first two decades, breastfeeding rates decreased and the duration of breastfeeding was shortened, while the last decade have seen increased breastfeeding rates and longer breastfeeding duration. The exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age is similar in urban and suburban areas and both have reached about to 50% in 2015, which indicates fruitful results have achieved through the implementation of infant feeding strategies and related measures in China.

Development of primary teeth among infants and toddlers in nine cities of China in 2015 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the status of the development of primary teeth and to identify the development patterns among infants and toddlers in nine cities of China in 2015.@*Methods@#Healthy children aged 1-<36 months were investigated by across-sectional survey and retrospective studies, which was carried out in 9 cities (Beijing, Harbin and Xi′an in northern China; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in central China; and Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China) from June to October in 2015. Subjects (n=103 995) were divided into 14 age groups (1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<8, 8-<10, 10-<12, 12-<15, 15-<18, 18-<21, 21-<24, 24-<30, 30-<36 months). There were 150-200 boys and girls respectively in each group of urban and suburb areas in each city. The eruption status and the number of primary teeth were examined by the trained child health care physician or pediatrician on the spot. The timing of primary teeth eruption of children was retrospectively surveyed using a questionnaire. The prevalence of primary teeth was calculated and χ2 test was used for comparison of categorical data. Probit regression analysis was used to determine the median and percentile age of eruption of primary teeth.@*Results@#Totally 103 995 children aged 1-<36 months were investigated. There were 52 346 children in urban areas (boys 26 228, girls 26 118) and 51 649 children in suburb areas (boys 25 912, girls 25 737). The eruption rate of primary teeth in children under 2 years became higher with age and the difference among each age group was statistically significant (χ2=85 913.868, P<0.01), which was 0.3% (22/7 450) in 3-<4 months group, 43.0% (3 227/7 503) in 6-<8 months group and 99.9% (7 441/7 446) in 15-<18 months group. The eruption age of primary teeth was 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months), and the range of the 3rd to 97th percentile was 4.1-10.6 months. The eruption ages of primary teeth in urban and suburb areas children were 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months) and 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months) respectively. The eruption age of primary teeth was earlier in boys (6.4 months, 95%CI: 6.3-6.5 months) than that in girls (6.7 months, 95%CI: 6.6-6.8 months). The median eruption age of primary teeth was earlier in northern China (6.2 months) than that in central (6.7 months) and southern China (6.9 months). The eruption rate of primary teeth became higher with age, showing that the median number of primary teeth was 2 in 8-<10 months group, 8 in 12-<15 months group and 20 in 30-<36 months group.@*Conclusions@#The timing of eruption of primary teeth was similar between urban and suburb areas children and that of the boys was slightly earlier than that of the girls. There were slight differences among different regions in the eruption timing of primary teeth. The range of the 3rd to 97th percentile in the eruption age of primary teeth was 4.1-10.6 months and the number of primary teeth followed the regular development pattern with age.

Survey on gross motor development of infants in nine cities of China in 2015 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the current situation of gross motor development of infants in nine cities of China and their relationship with physical growth.@*Methods@#Healthy full-term infants aged 1-24 months were investigated by cross-sectional survey, which was carried out in nine cities (Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an in northern, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan in central, and Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Kunming in southern regions of China) from June to October in 2015. Subjects were grouped into 12 age groups (1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<8, 8-<10, 10-<12, 12-<15, 15-<18, 18-<21, 21-<24 months). Gross motor development of infants was examined by fieldworkers and the information on parental education, family income and birth status were obtained by questionnaire. Weight, length and head circumference was measured by fieldworkers according to standard methods in the fields and their Z scores were calculated by using WHO growth standard. Z scores of weight (WZ), length (LZ) and head circumference (HCZ) <-2 s was considered as lower group, -2 s-<-1 s as medium-lower group, -1 s-1 s as medium group, 1 s-<2 s as medium-higher group and ≥2 s as higher group. The age of gross motor development was calculated by Probit regression analysis and χ2 test was used for comparison of categorical data.@*Results@#(1) The number of infants whose gross motor development was examined were 88 968 in the nine cities. The proportion of achievement of motor development became larger with the chronological age, i.e. it was 11.1% (800/7 236) at 5-<6 months, 65.2% (4 921/7 545) at 6-<8 months and 98.5% (7 417/7 531) at 8-<10 months for sitting alone without support. There was no gender difference in the proportion of achievement of sitting alone without support, hand-knee crawl, stand alone and walk alone (χ2=2.873, 0.275, 0.250, 0.576, all P>0.05). (2) The median age of achievement of sitting alone without support, hand-knee crawl, stand alone, walk alone was respectively 5.9, 7.8, 10.8, 13.0 months, and their ranges from 1st to 99th percentile were respectively 4.2-8.3 months, 4.9-12.6 months, 7.6-15.4 months, 9.8-17.4 months. The gender difference of median age of gross motor development was 0.0-0.1 months and their regional difference was 0.0-0.7 months. (3) In the lower weight group, their median age of sitting alone without support and walk alone were 0.2-0.6 months later than the medium weight group, while their median age of hand-knee crawl and stand alone were similar to those of the medium weight group. In higher weight group, the median age of sitting alone without support and stand alone were similar to that of the medium weight group, while their median age of hand-knee crawl was 0.3 later months and their median age of walk alone was 0.3 months earlier than that of the medium weight group. There was no significant relationship between length and the age of sitting alone or standing alone (the difference was 0.0-0.2 months in each group). The median age of hand-knee crawl and walk alone was 0.4-0.7 months later in lower length group than in other length groups. The median age of gross motor development was similar among different head circumference groups (0.0-0.2 months). The relationship between weight/length and motor development was similar to that between weight and motor development.@*Conclusions@#There were no gender difference and slightly regional difference in the age of achievement of gross motor skills. The percentile age of gross motor skills helps to understand the population variation in healthy infants. The gross motor development is related with weight, length and body proportion.

Advances in research on allelopathic autotoxicity effects of medicinal plants / 中草药

Allelopathic autotoxicity is one of the important factors for the continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants, which will reduce the yield and quality. With the development of medicinal plants industry, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle is becoming more and more serious. How to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants needs to be solved urgently. This paper combines the research status of allelopathic autotoxicity in medicinal plants. On the one hand, expounds the mechanism that the allelochemicals of medicinal plants inhibit the growth and development of medicinal plants by damaging the cell structures, interfering with the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and phytohormones, affecting photosynthesis and so on. On the other hand, based on the analysis of the relationship between allelochemicals and continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants, this paper elucidated some methods to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants, such as breeding antiallelopathic autotoxicity medicinal plants varieties, rational fertilizing, selecting proper cropping system and using microbial agents, in order to provide reference for the production of medicinal plants.

Development of anterior fontanelle in Chinese children in 2015 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To observe the development of the anterior fontanel (AF) in healthy Chinese children from 1 to 36 months, and to assess the relationship between the closure of the AF and physical development in Chinese children.@*Method@#This was a cross-sectional evaluation of the AF in a series of 104 147 healthy children between June 2015 and October 2015 from nine cities in China. The size and closure of AF of the children were measured and recorded, and the age for the closure of AF was calculated using probit analysis. The data in 2015 were compared with the data from the same surveys in 1985, 1995 and 2005 respectively.@*Result@#(1) Totally, 104 147 healthy children (52 216 boys and 51 931 girls; range 1 month to 36 months) from nine cities enrolled in this cross-sectional study. (2)The size of AF gradually decreased with age, and the mean size of AF was 2.0(95% confidence interval (CI)2.0-2.1) cm at the age of 1 month, 0.6(95% CI 0.5-0.6) cm at the ages of 12-14 months, and 0.0(95% CI 0.0-0.0) cm at the ages of 21-23 months, respectively. (3) The percentage for the closure of AF was 0.1% at the age of 3 months, 67.5% at the ages of 15-17 months. The oldestt age for closure was 35 months. The mean age for the closure of AF was 14.5 months (95% CI 14.4-14.6), and the 3rd and 97th centiles of the age for the closure of AF were 6.6 and 22.4 months. (4) Over the past 30 years from 1985 to 2015, no significant change was found regarding the mean age for the closure of AF in children from urban area, contrarily, the mean age was 1.1 months earlier in suburban area. (5) The height and weight of children in the closed AF group were significantly higher than those of children in unclosed AF group(all P<0.01), but no significant difference was found regarding the head circumference between the two groups.@*Conclusion@#The size of AF at 1 month was maximum, then decreases gradually with age, and the mean age for the closure of AF was 14.5 (95% CI 14.4-14.6) months. No significant correlation was found between the development of AF and the head circumference, but there was a positive correlation between the development of AF and the height and weight. There was no significant change regarding the secular trend of the age for the closure of AF.

Expression and clinical significance of PD-L2 molecule on monocytes of peripher-al blood in systemic lupus erythematosus / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze PD-L2 expression on monocytes of peripheral blood cells in systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) and it′s correlation with the degree of disease activity .Methods:Peripheral blood of 26 cases of SLE patiens and 38 cases of healthy controls were collected .Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) were isolated and realtime PCR was carried on to analyze the PD-L2 gene expression.At the same time flow cytometry was performed to analyze the CD 14 and PD-L2 expression.Results:PD-L2 was significantly up-regulated on monocytes in RA patients than in healthy controls and had correlation with the disease activity and the SLEAI score.Conclusion:These findings help to clarify the function of PD-L2,including its potential role as a biomarker for SLE .

Comparison of effects of allogeneic blood transfusion and hemodiluted autotransfusion on cellular immune function in patients undergoing cesarean section / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion and hemodiluted autotransfusion on cellular immune function in the patients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Sixty patients,aged 20-35 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective cesarean section,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:hemodiluted autotransfusion group (group HAT) and allogeneic blood transfusion group (group ABT).Both groups received epidural anesthesia.The radial artery was cannulated after epidural anesthesia,and the autologous blood was collected in group HAT.The autologous blood transfusion timing:intraoperative blood loss was expected to exceed 20％ of blood volume.For the patients in whom intraoperative blood loss was not expected to exceed 20％ of blood volume,bleeding was stopped,and autologous blood was infused intravenously after peritoneum closure.The allogeneic blood transfusion timing:when hemoglobin ＜ 70 g/L,packed red blood cells 1-5 U were infused intravenously;when prothrombin time,or activated partial thromboplastin time ＞ 1.5 times of the normal value,the fresh frozen plasma 100-400 ml was infused intravenously;when platelet count＜50× 109/L,platelets 10-40 U were infused intravenously.When entering the operating room (T0),on 1st day after operation (T1),and on 5th day after operation (T2),blood samples were collected to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ (using FACScan flow cytometer),and serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with the values at T0,the levels of CD3+ and CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and serum IL-2 concentrations were significantly decreased,and the serum IL-6 concentrations were increased at T1,2 in group ABT,and at T1 in group HAT (P＜0.05).Compared with group ABT,the CD3+ and CD4+ levels,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased at T1,and the serum IL-2 concentrations were increased at T1,2 in group HAT (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with allogeneic transfusion,hemodiluted autotransfusion has less inhibitory effect on cellular immune function in the patients undergoing cesarean section.

Effect of block of AGEs-RAGE pathway on the migration of VSMCs / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the effect of block of AGEs-RAGE pathway on the migration of aortic vascular smooth muscle in diabetic rats and its possible mechanisms, vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)cells were pre-stimulated by antibody of RAGE, and then stimulated by AGEs. Transwell assay was adopted to assay migration of VSMCs. Proliferation of VSMCs and expression of p27 were analyzed by MTT and ELISA, respectively. The change of ROS level in VSMCs was defermined by DCFH assay, the expression of NOX1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR assay. Results indicated that the AGEs induction for migration of VSMCs was significantly inhibited after treatment by RAGE antibody(P< 0. 01), which blocked the AGEs-RAGE pathway, and the inhibition of migration was stronger than that of proliferation. The ROS level was decreased(P< 0. 01), and the expression of NOX1 mRNA was decreased, yet the expression of P27 protein was not changed greatly. Block of AGEs-RAGE pathway by antibody of RAGE can inhibit the migration of VSMCs, and the mechanism may be related with the decrease of NOX1 mRNA and then down to the level of intracellular oxidative stress in VSMCs.

Effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane combined with propofol on CPR and complement in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane combined with propofol on CPR and complement in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods 80 patients with hysteromyoma were randomly divided into A group with 27 cases, B group with 27 cases and C group with 26 cases.3 groups of patients were underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery, and preoperative anesthesia with different concentrations of sevoflurane, A group with 2.5% sevoflurane anesthesia, B group with 3% sevoflurane anesthesia, C group with 3.5%.The clinical efficacy, CRP, complement levels and adverse reactions were compared among 3 groups.Results Compared with A group, the Karnofsky score of group B and group C was higher(P<0.05), there was no significant difference in Karnofsky score between the two groups of B and C, and the level of CRP in 3 groups increased and C3 and C4 decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A, the level of CPR in group B and C were lower(P<0.05), C4 and C3 were higher( P<0.05 ) .There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among 3 groups.Conclusion 3% concentration of sevoflurane combined with propofol in the induction of anesthesia in laparoscopic hysterectomy has better anesthetic effect, and has little effect on the CRP and the complement of the body .

The influence of acute normovolemic hemodilution on the level of T lymphocyte subsets in maternity sera / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution on immune function by observing the level change of lymphocyte subsets in maternity sera.Methods 60 ASA I ～ Ⅱ parturients were divided into 2 groups,30 cases in each group.Parturients of group A received acute normovolemic hemodilution and parturients of group C received allogeneic blood transfusion.Blood pressure,heart rate,duration of the cesarean section and blood loss were observed.2mL blood samples were taken from the mothers'vein before the surgery,1 day after the surgery,5 days after the surgery.Flow cytometry was used to measure T lymphocyte subsets.Results The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CDs+ before the surgery had no statistically significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of CD3+ [(52.35 ±5.62)％,(48.44±6.45)％],CD4+ [(36.90±7.93)％,(32.05 ± 8.94)％],CD4+/CD8+ [(1.15 ± 0.26),(0.97 ± 0.22)] were much lower 1 day after the surgery than those of preoperation [CD3+:(59.67 ± 3.45) ％,(60.58 ± 4.27) ％ ; CD4+:(43.71 ± 8.45) ％,(43.21 ± 8.45) ％ ; CD4+/CDs+:(1.41 ±0.38),(1.45 ±0.48)] in both two groups(t =6.10,2.50;3.22,4.97;3.09,4.98;P ＜0.05).In group A,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ [(58.78 ± 5.24) ％,(43.18 ± 8.48) ％,(1.41 ± 0.41)] had no statistical differences 5 days after the surgery(P ＞ 0.05) compared with those of preoperation.While in group C,the levels of CD3+ [(57.11 ± 6.81) ％],CD4+ [(38.68 ± 7.70) ％],CD4+/CDs+ [(1.19 ± 0.37)] were lower than the levels before the surgery[(60.58 ± 4.27) ％,(43.21 ± 8.45) ％,(1.45 ± 0.48)],and of the differences were statistically significant (t =2.46,2.17,2.35 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with allegeic transfusion,acute normovolemic hemodilution could benefit the recovery of parturients by alleviate the inhibitory effect of transfusion on the immune function.

Status analysis on child neglect of rural pupils aged 6-11 year-old in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze pupils' neglect status aged 6-11 years in China's rural.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, to extract 7,943 pupils aged 6-11 years for the survey from 56 primary schools in 28 counties in nine provinces, from December 2012 to March 2013. Proceed questionnaire survey by the scale from "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 6-8 years in Rural Areas of China" and "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 9-11 years in Rural Areas of China". And analyze neglect rates and neglect degrees of the different grades, gender, family types and different levels of neglect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total neglect rate of China's rural pupils aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 40.2% (1,258/3,130) and 42.5% (1,498/3,526) respectively, which differences had no statistical significant (χ2=3.59, P=0.058); the total neglect degree was 46.04±8.87 and 44.78±10.43 respectively, which differences had statistical significant (t=5.01, P<0.001); the differences of neglect rates and neglect degrees between male (41.4% (657/1,587) and 46.28±8.76) and female (39.0% (601/1,543) and 45.78±8.97) of aged 6-8 were all no statistical significant (χ2=1.87, P=0.171; t=1.49, P=0.136); the neglect rates and neglect degrees of male (46.3% (816/1,763) and 45.53±10.11) were higher than female (38.7% (682/1,763) and 44.06±10.69) in the group of aged 9-11, which differences were all statistical significant (χ2=20.84, t=3.97, P<0.001); the male neglect rate in the group of aged 6-8 in social neglect (11.7% (198/1,691)) and the neglect degree in educational neglect (48.09±9.70) were higher than female (9.4% (155/1,648) and 47.37±9.89), which differences were all statistical significance (χ2=14.55, P<0.001, t=2.22, P=0.026), the male neglect rate in the group of aged 9-11 in physical neglect (20.4% (398/1,954)) was higher than female (16.7% (326/1 957)), which differences had statistical significance (χ2=8.92, P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The neglect status of Chinese pupils aged 6-11 years in rural was serious, and we should find out risk factors and provide efficient prevention measures.</p>