[Congenital cystic lung lesions--review of the literature with three clinical cases].

Congenital cystic lung lesions are rare. Mainly affects the lower respiratory patishta.i are congenital cystic malformation and adematozna bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS). The pathogenesis of the occurrence of these malformations is not clear but they have a common clinical course. In most cases, the anomaly is asymptomatic and occurs with infections of the lung during the first year of life. Currently congenital lung lesions were classified into five types and is considered by most authors. The anomaly is due to the abnormal proliferation of terminal bronchioles accompanied by inhibition of alveolar development between 7-17 weeks, obstructed airway dysplasia and metaplasia of normal lung tissue. Early diagnosis is vital in making a medical decision on how to treat CCAM. Associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal atresia, diaphragmatic hernia skeletal abnormalities. In pregnancies in which prenatal lung lesions weighs registered necessary series of ultrasound examinations to track finding and using the Doppler to assess how the blood supply of the fault. The clinical presentation of malformations is respiratory distress, respiratory infection, and dyspnea. The use of CT and MRA allows better visualization of the pulmonary lesions. With its combination with arteriography and bronchoscopy are used to differentiate CCAM and pulmonary sequestration. We present three cases with lung lesions were born in Neonatologia clinic at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Maternity" Sofia for the period 2010-2012 three cases CCAMs type 1, operated by 5 meters after birth with a good final outcome without complications in the postoperative period and lack of pulmonary symptoms up to 1 year after birth.

[Cerebral palsy--perinatal aspects].

Cerebral palsy is a group of non-progressive but often changing motor impairment syndromes resulting from lesions or anomalies occurring in the early stages of fetal development and childhood. This condition is responsible for significant emotional, financial and social difficulties for the patient and the family, and professionals providing specific care for these people. This review describes the incidence, risk factors and the etiopathogenesis of this condition. A lot of evidences of the relations between intrauterine infection, prematurity, prenosenost, intrapartalna asphyxia, multiple pregnancy and assisted reproductive techniques are decribed. In the review is has been demonstrated the most important aspects of perinatal cerebral palsy.

[Prevention of cerebral palcy during pregnancy and delivery].

Cerebral palsy is a disease causing significant medical, emotional, financial and social difficulties for the patient and his family, medical staff and society. In this review we tried to figure out the possibilities for prevention of cerebral palsy during pregnancy and delivery. It have been discussed the strict followup of pregnancy, early prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy with congenital anomalies of the fetus, detection and treatment of intrauterine infections, management in multiple pregnancies, prevention of prematurity. Use of antenatal magnesium also plays a role in the prevention of cerebral palsy. In this review are discussed fetal asphyxia and the role of caesarean section. We present briefly the modem terminology and clinical picture of various types and forms of cerebral palsy, and organization in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with specific impairment in the development of motor function and cerebral palsy.