Analysis of Inflammatory Mediators in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

This study evaluated the inflammatory markers in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inflammatory markers levels were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance and the association with prediabetes or T2DM risks was examined by logistic regression models. Our data showed increased levels of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL-4), IL-10, and tryptase in prediabetes subjects and hs-CRP, immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, and IL-10 in T2DM subjects. We concluded that Hs-CRP, IgE, IL-4, IL-10, and tryptase were positively associated with prediabetes or T2DM. Further large prospective studies are warranted to assess a temporal relation between inflammatory biomarkers and incidence of prediabetes or T2DM and its associated chronic diseases.

Immunoglobulin E and mast cell proteases are potential risk factors of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in humans.

AIM: Mast cells are important in experimental diabetes. Plasma levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), tryptases, and chymases are inflammatory markers of human diabetes. Whether they also correlate with the risk of pre-diabetes, however, remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 260 subjects 55-75 years of age were grouped as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired fasting glucose (I-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT), and mixed IFG/IGT. There were significant differences in plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (P < 0.001) and IgE (P = 0.003) among all subgroups of pre-diabetes, and chymase in I-IGT (P = 0.043) and mixed IFG/IGT (P = 0.037) subgroups compared with NGT group. High-sensitivity CRP was a risk factor in all subgroups of pre-diabetes; IgE was a risk factor of mixed IFG/IGT; and chymase was a risk factor of I-IGT and mixed IFG/IGT. Interactions between hsCRP and high waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or HOMA-ß index, and interactions between IgE and high WC or tryptase levels all increased further the risk of developing I-IFG, I-IGT, or mixed IFG/IGT. CONCLUSION: Plasma hsCRP, IgE, and chymase levels associate with pre-diabetes status. While hsCRP, IgE, and chymase are individual risk factors of pre-diabetes, interactions with metabolic parameters increased further the risk of pre-diabetes.

Immunoglobulin E and mast cell proteases are potential risk factors of human pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that mast-cell activation and inflammation are important in obesity and diabetes. Plasma levels of mast cell proteases and the mast cell activator immunoglobulin E (IgE) may serve as novel inflammatory markers that associate with the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 340 subjects 55 to 75 years of age were grouped according to the American Diabetes Association 2003 criteria of normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes mellitus. The Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated significant differences in plasma IgE levels (P = 0.008) among groups with different glucose tolerance status. Linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between plasma levels of chymase (P = 0.030) or IgE (P = 0.022) and diabetes mellitus. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that IgE was a significant risk factor of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.674, P = 0.034). After adjustment for common diabetes risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, body-mass index, cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and mast cell chymase and tryptase, IgE remained a significant risk factor (OR: 1.866, P = 0.015). Two-variable ordinal logistic analysis indicated that interactions between hs-CRP and IgE, or between IgE and chymase, increased further the risks of developing pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus before (OR: 2.204, P = 0.044; OR: 2.479, P = 0.033) and after (OR: 2.251, P = 0.040; OR: 2.594, P = 0.026) adjustment for common diabetes risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both IgE and chymase associate with diabetes status. While IgE and hs-CRP are individual risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus, interactions of IgE with hs-CRP or with chymase further increased the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.