Transethosome as a versatile nano vehicle for various indications and its regulatory insights.

Transethosomes, classified as 3rd generation nanocarriers, have gained global acclaim due to their profound potential in addressing diverse medical conditions. Their superior dermal penetration, attributed to essential constituents, such as edge activators and alcohol, sets them apart from other nanoformulations. The current review article embarks with an introduction followed by a comprehensive exploration of transethosome structures, differentiating them from fellow nanocarriers. A detailed analysis of characteristics and the spectrum of marketed products of various nanocarriers is also provided. Furthermore, the article offers a taxonomy of preparation methods of transethosomes and reports the frequently employed methods. It briefly surveys research studies encompassing various drug categories, spanning a wide range of medical conditions. In summary, this review article is dedicated to achieving several pivotal aims and objectives. We aim to substantiate the superior attributes of transethosomes when compared to conventional commercial products and other nanoformulations, demonstrating their clinical promise in addressing various human medical conditions. Additionally, we seek to elucidate the regulatory pathway required to secure approvals for transethosomes from relevant regulatory authorities and shine a light on their innovative potential as revealed in patent literature. Collectively, these objectives contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the significance and potential of transethosomes in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology.

Prominence of bioresponsive DNA nanococoons in tackling post-surgery cancer recurrence.

Post-surgery cancer recurrence is one of the reasons for increased cancer cases. The effective usage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect of a nanocarrier infused with the bioresponsive release mechanism of checkpoint inhibitors (aPD1 and aCTLA4) can become a boon to mankind. DNA nanococoons (DNCs) comprising cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) with potent immunostimulatory effects can significantly enhance anti-cancer activity. Triglycerylmonostearate (TGMS) with enzymatic cleavage potential at the wound sites of tumor resection, upon caging with restriction enzyme (HhaI) followed by attaching to DNCs, makes the immunotherapy bioresponsive. Hhal-TGMS-DNCs-aPD1 triggered by the inflammation at the wound site undergoes enzymatic cleavage, releases the restriction enzyme, converts DNCs to CpG ODNs sequentially and with sustained aPD1 release exerts an appreciable anti-cancer effect.

Lipid-based mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a paradigm shift in management of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a devastating disease, has the worst cancer prognosis in humans. It often develops resistance to common chemotherapy medications, such as gemcitabine, taxol and 5-fluorouracil. The dense stroma limits therapeutic efficacy in treating this disease. Low or limited drug loading capacity is another problem with current chemotherapeutic agents. There is a need to develop novel approaches to overcome these issues. Hence, an innovative approach has been proposed to co-deliver both hydrophilic (Gemcitabine) and hydrophobic (Paclitaxel) drugs in a single carrier using lipid bilayer-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LB-MSNP). MSNPs offer effective drug delivery due to their superior bioavailability and physicochemical properties. Further, in order to achieve clinical translation and regulatory approval, toxicity and biodegradability of MSNPs must be resolved.