Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Photobiomodulation on Pain Reduction in Individuals Undergoing Segmental Retraction Using a Closing Loop: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Pain following orthodontic treatment is a common reason for apprehension and treatment discontinuation. Research on modalities to control pain in orthodontic patients has gained special attention. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is studied as an alternative pain management modality free of the adverse effects of analgesic medications. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for pain control following the activation of a closing loop for canine retraction. METHOD: This is a split-mouth, placebo-controlled, single-blinded randomized clinical trial that evaluated 16 patients who need canine retraction using closing loops. Two maxillary quadrants were allotted into test and control groups using the coin toss method. In the test group, a low-intensity laser with 810 nm wavelength for 60 seconds in pulsated non-contact mode was used in the buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal regions of the canine immediately after activating the loop. The control site received placebo radiation. The pain level was recorded 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervention in the control and test groups using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The test and control groups were compared using Student's t-test. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). RESULT: Both groups had a significant statistical difference in the pain score. The laser group showed a statistically significant lower pain score compared to the control group at all time points. CONCLUSION: Photobiomodulation by 810 nm 300 mW diode laser can effectively reduce pain following the retraction of maxillary canines.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Commercially Available Desensitizing Mouthwash on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three commercially available desensitizing mouthwashes on dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven premolar maxillary teeth were collected and cleaned to remove debris and tissue using an ultrasonic scaler. Enamel was removed with the help of a high-speed plain cut tungsten carbide fissure bur under continuous water spray. Dentinal discs measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm were prepared from the coronal region of the extracted teeth using a double-sided carborundum disc and straight micromotor handpiece. Using carborundum paper, the discs were polished and washed with distilled water. The discs were etched using 37% phosphoric acid to remove any smear layer that was caused by the grinding process and to simulate dentinal hypersensitivity by opening the dentinal tubules. The specimens were again washed and stored in distilled water until use. Samples were then randomly allocated into Group A: calcium sodium phosphosilicate mouthwash, Group B: potassium nitrate mouthwash, and Group C: dipotassium oxalate monohydrate mouthwash. The specimens were immersed in a test tube filled with the respective mouthwash and vigorously shaken for 60 s for simulating the natural mouth rinsing action. This procedure was repeated for 7 days, twice daily. To compare and assess the proportion of dentinal tubule occlusion, all the samples were processed and examined under an SEM. Results: The efficacy of the mouthwash on the obliteration of dentinal tubules was compared using the Kruskal-Walis analysis of variance test followed by the post hoc Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparison. Group A showed completely occluded tubules in 5 (55.6) and mostly occluded tubules in 4 (44.4). Group B showed mostly occluded in 4 samples (44.4) and partially occluded in 5 samples (55.6) and Group C showed completely occluded tubules in 3 samples (33.3) and mostly occluded tubules in 6 samples (66.7). A P value of 0.05 or less is regarded as statistically significant. *P ≤ 0.05 is statistically significant. Between Group A and Group B as well as between Group B and Group C, there was a statistically significant difference. However, a statistically significant difference between Group A and Group C does not exist. Conclusion: The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group was shown to have the most occlusion of the dentinal tubule, followed by dipotassium oxalate monohydrate and potassium nitrate group.

The Buccal Pedicle Sliding Flap Technique for Keratinized Tissue Augmentation During the Second-Stage Surgery: A Report of Two Cases.

The need for adequacy of keratinized tissue (KT) around dental implants has been a topic of debate over the past few years. Peri-implant tissues differ from those around natural teeth. Therefore, the requirement for healthy peri-implant tissue is of importance. There is general agreement that a thick zone of KT around implants promotes accurate prosthetic procedures, permits maintenance of oral hygiene, resists recession and enables esthetic blending with surrounding tissues. Soft tissue augmentation around implants, when required, can be performed at various stages of implant therapy. The second stage of surgery involves the uncovery of the implant and placement of the healing abutment of desired collar height to achieve a biologic seal around the implant. It can be performed either by excision or by incision depending upon the clinical situation. This stage is a golden opportunity for the implant surgeon to modify the periodontal phenotype around the implant if need be. Different procedures such as palatal roll flap, rotated pedicle flap, free gingival graft, etc. can be performed to increase the keratinized tissue width (KTW) around implants. This case series demonstrates a novel minimally invasive technique to augment the KT in the maxillary arch during the second stage of surgery.

The role of bone-specific biomarkers in chronic periodontitis diagnosis and treatment outcomes - a systematic review.

Background The biomarkers of bone turnover may be vital for early detection of bone destruction in chronic periodontitis (CP). Lately, several new biochemical markers have been applied to estimate bone homeostasis.Objective The current review aims to evaluate the role of bone biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment outcomes of CP.Methods Literature search was conducted in databases like Medline (PubMed) and Scopus to include original research articles related to the role of bone biomarkers in CP. About 914 documents were identified through primary search, of which 11 original research articles were included.Results The most common bone biomarker applied in periodontal diagnosis was RANKL. Certain newer biomarkers like ICTP were also found to be useful in early detection of progressive CP.Conclusion The bone turnover biomarkers may serve as an adjunct to the traditional methods of periodontal diagnosis. They are vital in identifying the subjects at risk for future periodontal breakdown as well as in determining the therapeutic outcomes. Their applications in periodontal diagnosis is still in the developing stage and requires further investigation. With this background, the current systematic review evaluated the role of bone-specific biomarkers in CP diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus and osseous bone graft for socket preservation and ridge augmentation - A randomized control clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of A PRF Plus as an adjuctive material to osseous bone graft in socket preservation and ridge augmentation. METHODS: Twenty patients with need to preserve extraction socket in non-molar sites planning for further prosthetic rehabilitation were divided into two groups. Test Group (Group A) was treated with A PRF Plus membrane and Sybograf plus ™ (70% HA and 30 %ß TCP) bone graft. The Control Group (Group B) was treated with Sybograf plus ™ (70% HA and 30% ßTCP) bone graft. Both groups had same socket preservation surgical technique. RESULTS: Both Group A and Group B showed significant improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters. Mean socket length, Vertical Resorption reduction in Group A was 1.48 whereas in Group B was 1.67 which is statistically significant. (p â€‹≤ â€‹0.05). Changes in Horizontal width reduction at 1,3, and 5 â€‹mm depth of the socket for both groups were not statistically significant. The Gain in socket fill for Group A and B 6 months postoperatively was 1185.30HU ± 473.21 and 966.60 HU ± 273.27 respectively. But intergroup comparison was not statistically significant. (p â€‹= â€‹0.17). There were no significant statistical differences in postoperative pain in Group A and Group B as subjects experienced moderate amount of pain. The assessment of post-operative swelling showed that only 30% subjects in Group A reported with swelling. Whereas 80% subjects in Group B complained of post-operative swelling. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study proved utilisation of A PRF Plus as a promising adjunct to conventional regenerative therapy for socket preservation.