The complete mitochondrial genome of Helicana japonica (Crustacea, Decapoda, Varunidae) from South Korea.

Helicana japonica mainly inhabits burrowed holes in the mudflats and intertidal zones. Specimens from the Republic of Korea were collected and whole genomic DNA from the cheliped muscle tissue was extracted. We determined the complete mitochondrial genome using Illumina HiSeq X Ten. The mitogenome is 16,535 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the maximum-likelihood of phylogeny methods. H. japonica formed a sister clade with Helicana wuana, which is another Helicana species.

Biodiversity and spatial distribution of ascidian using environmental DNA metabarcoding.

Monitoring studies are necessary to understand the biodiversity of marine ecosystems and are useful for identifying and managing rare or invasive species. Because monitoring has traditionally relied only on visual surveys (e.g., trapping, netting, electrofishing, and SCUBA diving) with limited time and physical resources, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is being applied as an efficient monitoring method. This study compared whether the eDNA metabarcoding technique can replace the traditional visual survey in an ascidian fauna study. We designed ascidian-specific primers and identified a clear gap (3.75%) by barcoding gap analysis. Then, we collected seawater samples for eDNA analysis during the summer (August-September) of 2021 at three sites (Mokpo, Yeosu, and Uljin) in South Korea. In the survey sites of this study, 25 species were observed through literature and visual survey, among which 9 species were detected by metabarcoding and 16 species were not detected. On the other hand, 10 species were detected only by metabarcoding, and one of them was identified as Pyura mirabilis, an unrecorded species in South Korea. This study succeeded in detecting cryptic or rare species with one seawater collection, which can be used to determine their unexplored habitat. Therefore, we conclude that monitoring using eDNA is more efficient than visual surveys for detecting rare or cryptic ascidian species. We also suggest that, when combined with traditional monitoring methods, it could be a tool to complement ascidian fauna studies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Balanus trigonus (Thecostraca, Balanomorpha, Balanidae) from South Korea.

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854 was examined using next-generation sequencing analysis. The complete mitogenome of B. trigonus has 15,336 bp in length and comprises 37 genes, namely, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. Both the gene order and characteristics are consistent with those of other species within the family Balanidae. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete mitogenomes revealed taxonomic relationships among members of the family Balanidae.

Genetic analysis and population genetic structure of hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus Gould 1861 (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) from the coasts of South Korea based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene sequences.

BACKGROUND: Mytilus coruscus Gould, 1861 is a mussel species in the family Mytilidae, native to the Northwest Pacific Ocean, ranging from the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and as far as the Peter the Great Gulf in the East Sea. In Korea, this species has been heavily exploited for nutrient-rich food resources and experienced severe reduction in their population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure and to provide baseline data to facilitate the conservation and sustainable use of the vulnerable species M. coruscus in South Korea. METHODS: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences of 91 adult individuals from four islands and one coastal localities in South Korea were sequenced. We then compared genetic diversity and haplotype data with previously published Chinese wild populations. RESULTS: Mytilus coruscus populations on Korean coasts were found to exhibit high genetic diversity despite concerns regarding recent population reduction. A total of 42 haplotypes were defined by 56 polymorphic sites. High-level genetic diversity was observed on four Island sites (Hd = 0.906-0.955, π = 0.0068-0.0090). The other seashore site represented relatively lower genetic diversity (Hd = 0.529, π = 0.0011) and was genetically differentiated from the others. In a previous study, wild populations on the East China Sea exhibited similarly high genetic diversity as that observed in our study. Additionally, Chinese M. coruscus populations exhibit a distinct regional haplotype distribution pattern while sharing six haplotypes with Korean populations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide insights that further the current understanding regarding the evolution of M. coruscus species and provides comprehensive genetic data to facilitate the development of an effective conservation strategy.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Montipora efflorescens (Scleractinia: Acroporidae).

The complete mitogenome of the Sclreractinia, Montipora efflorescens Bernard, 1897 was sequenced for the first time. It had 17,887 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes, and two rRNA and two tRNA genes. Composition of M. efflorescens mitogenome was identical to that of typical Scleractinians. In conclusion, the complete mitogenome may provide detailed information on coral phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a yellow-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus) (Squamata, Elapidae).

In this study, we provide the first report of the complete mitochondrial genomic sequencing of a yellow-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus) that has the broadest distribution range of all Squamata species. The mitogenome length was 18,101 bp and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 3 non-coding regions. The sequence presented could be very useful for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Ijima's Sea Snake (Emydocephalus ijimae) (Squamata, Elapidae).

In this study, we provide the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of Emydocephalus ijimae. The mitogenome length is 18,259 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The sequence presented could be very useful for further phylogenetic and evolutionary study.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Gymnocanthus intermedius and Gymnocanthus herzensteini (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae).

Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genomes of the Sculpins species Gymnocanthus intermedius and Gymnocanthus herzensteini. The mitogenomes were determined to be 16,639 bp for G. intermedius and 16,691 bp for G. herzensteini. The mitogenomes comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a non-coding region. We then used the mitogenome data to construct a phylogenetic tree for these two species and an additional three species within the order Scorpaeniformes.

Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Open Surgery Versus Arthroscopic Surgery for Chronic Refractory Lateral Epicondylitis of the Elbow.

Numerous surgical options have been introduced for the treatment of chronic refractory lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, but it remains unclear which option is superior. The clinical outcomes of an open surgery group and an arthroscopic surgery group were evaluated, and the results of the 2 procedures were compared. From among patients with lateral epicondylitis refractory to 6 months of conservative treatment, 68 patients satisfying study criteria were recruited. Open surgery was performed in 34 cases (group 1), and arthroscopic surgery was performed in 34 cases (group 2). Compared with preoperatively, the 2 groups had significantly improved values for grip strength, range of motion, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score at 12 months postoperatively. Group 1 had significantly greater improvements in grip strength and visual analog scale pain score compared with group 2 (P=.048 vs P=.006). Group 2 had significantly greater (P=.045) improvement in pronation compared with group 1. Group 2 returned to work sooner than group 1. On the questionnaire regarding satisfaction with surgery 24 months postoperatively, 4 patients (12%) in group 2 reported dissatisfaction compared with no patients in group 1. Open surgery and arthroscopic surgery both yielded good clinical results. Nonetheless, for patients requiring muscle strength or having severe pain at work, open surgery would be more effective. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(4):237-247.].

Full-length mitochondrial genome of the triton trumpet Charonia lampas (Littorinimorpha: Ranellidae).

The full-length mitochondrial genome of the triton trumpet Charonia lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) was analyzed by the primer walking method. Its mitogenome is 15,382 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene order of C. lampas is congruent with those previously reported for the infraorder Littorinimorpha. This is the first full-length mitogenome sequence for the genus Charonia. In the phylogenetic tree, C. lampas formed a monophyletic group with the other species of the superfamily Tonnoidea, but did not show the closest phylogenetic relationship to a species from the same family, Ranellidae.

Complete sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Auriculastra duplicata (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ellobiidae).

The mitochondrial genome of the gastropod Auriculastra duplicata was completely sequenced. It was 13,920 bp in length and comprised 37 genes; two rrn genes and 22 trn genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated protein-coding genes depicted the polyphyly of all species belonging to the family Ellobiidae; however, monophyly was observed among all species belonging to the subfamily Ellobiinae, in which A. duplicata clustered consistently with Auriculinella bidentata.

Effect of glenohumeral position on contact pressure between the capsulolabral complex and the glenoid in free ALPSA and Bankart lesions.

PURPOSE: Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury, but the optimal management of dislocation remains controversial. We hypothesized that reducing the shoulder in externally rotated position would aid the reduction in capsulolabral lesions. Thus, in this study, contact pressure between the capsulolabral lesion and the glenoid in free ALPSA and Bankart lesions was measured using a cadaver model. METHODS: In 10 specimens, the humerus was externally rotated by abduction on the coronal plane to measure the contact pressure between the capsulolabral complex and glenoid in free ALPSA and Bankart lesions using a Tekscan pressure system. Stability of the joint was confirmed using the Vicon motion analysis system. RESULTS: In the normal shoulder joint, the peak pressure between the subscapularis muscle and the anterior capsule according to the location of the glenohumeral joint decreased to 83.4 ± 21.2 kPa in the 0° abduction and -30° external rotation positions and showed a 300.7 ± 42.9 kPa peak value in the 60° abduction and 60° external rotation positions. In both free ALPSA and Bankart lesions, the lowest pressure between the labral lesion and the glenoid was measured at 0° abduction and -30° external rotation, and the highest pressure was recorded at 60° external rotation and 60° abduction. CONCLUSION: The contact pressure between the capsulolabral complex and the glenoid significantly increased when the abduction and external rotation angles were increased. Based on our results, the conservative management in free ALPSA lesions would respond better than Bankart lesions. IRB OR ETHICAL COMMITTEE APPROVAL: YWMR-12-0-038.

Relationship between the extent of labral lesions and the frequency of glenohumeral dislocation in shoulder instability.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the extent of the labral lesion and the frequency of glenohumeral dislocation in patients with shoulder instability. METHODS: Ninety-three patients, who underwent surgical treatment at our clinic for chronic anterior shoulder dislocation, were selected and divided into 3 groups (group I: only Bankart lesion; group II: Bankart and SLAP lesions; group III: circumferential-labral lesion). The pre-operative frequency of dislocation, intraoperative findings, operation time, post-operative clinical score, and range of motion 2 years after surgery were analysed and compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The time interval from the initial dislocation to operation was significantly shorter in group III than in groups I and II (P = 0.034 and P = 0.046, respectively). The median number of preoperative dislocations was also significantly less in group III than in groups I and II (P = 0.025 and P = 0.044, respectively). In all groups, the clinical scores (Constant, Rowe, and visual analogue scale) improved significantly post-operatively, and there were no significant differences in the scores between the different groups. All patients returned to work, and most patients returned to their preoperative sports activity levels. CONCLUSION: The extent of the labral lesion is not always related to the number of dislocations; therefore, treatment should not be based on this. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective comparative study, Level III.

Clinical results of technique for double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hybrid femoral fixation and Retroscrew.

BACKGROUND: Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been presented as a means to more accurately restore the native anatomy of this ligament. This article describes a new method that uses a double bundle to perform ACL reconstruction and to evaluate the clinical outcome. METHODS: Grafts are tibialis anterior tendon allograft for anteromedial bundle (AMB) and hamstring tendon autograft without detachment of the tibial insertion for posterolateral bundle (PLB). This technique creates 2 tunnels in both the femur and tibia. Femoral fixation was done by hybrid fixation using Endobutton and Rigidfix for AMB and by biointerference screw for PLB. Tibial fixations are done by Retroscrew for AMB and by native insertion of hamstring tendon for PLB. Both bundles are independently and differently tensioned. We performed ACL reconstruction in 63 patients using our new technique. Among them, 47 participated in this study. The patients were followed up with clinical examination, Lysholm scales and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system and radiological examination with a minimum 12 month follow-up duration. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen on Lachman test and pivot-shift test between preoperative and last follow-up. Only one of participants had flexion contracture about 5 degrees at last follow-up. In anterior drawer test by KT-1000, authors found improvement from average 8.3 mm (range, 4 to 18 mm) preoperatively to average 1.4 mm (range, 0 to 6 mm) at last follow-up. Average Lysholm score of all patients was 72.7 ± 8.8 (range, 54 to 79) preoperatively and significant improvement was seen, score was 92.2 ± 5.3 (range, 74 to 97; p < 0.05) at last follow-up. Also IKDC score was normal in 35 cases, near normal in 11 cases, abnormal in 1 case at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our new double bundle ACL reconstruction technique used hybrid fixation and Retroscrew had favorable outcomes.

Arthroscopic repair for combined Bankart and superior labral anterior posterior lesions: a comparative study between primary and recurrent anterior dislocation in the shoulder.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between a primary dislocation group (group P) and a recurrent dislocation group (group R) with combined lesion of Bankart and type II SLAP lesions (type V SLAP lesion) and to evaluate incidence of type V SLAP lesion. In addition, the authors evaluated clinical outcomes of these patients by dividing two groups according to the sequence for Bankart and SLAP lesion suture. METHODS: From May 2000 to May 2005, 310 patients who gave informed consent, underwent the diagnostic arthroscopy and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). One hundred and ten patients met the following criteria: (1) post-traumatic primary or recurrent anterior shoulder instability, (2) a normal contralateral shoulder, (3) a type V SLAP lesion, and (4) minimum follow-up of two years. Group P included 42 patients, and group R, 68 patients. Among all patients, 58 patients who had Bankart lesions sutured first were included in group B, and 52 who had their SLAP lesions sutured beforehand, group S. Visual analogue scale, range of motion, Rowe and Constant score were used to compare results between group P and group R, also group B and group S. RESULTS: The incidence rates of type V SLAP lesion were 42.8% in group P and 32.0% in group R. The overall treatment results in our study were good. Even if the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant, group P showed greater recovery of range of motion than group R in external rotation. No significant difference was found between the two different operative methods according to suture sequence. CONCLUSION: The incidence rates of type V SLAP lesion were 42.8% in the primary dislocation group and 32.0% in the recurrent dislocation group. The overall treatment results in our study were good. Although there was no statistical significance in surgical time between the two groups, when both SLAP and Bankart lesions are present, the Bankart lesion must be sutured first to reduce surgical time.

Prevalence comparison of accompanying lesions between primary and recurrent anterior dislocation in the shoulder.

BACKGROUND: Many authors have reported the presence of intra-articular lesions after primary dislocation of the shoulder joint. However, few studies have focused on their prevalence or the differences in accompanying lesions between primary and recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joint. PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate and analyze accompanying lesions, including types of anteroinferior labrum injuries, using diagnostic arthroscopy and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) in 144 patients with traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: There were 33 patients with 33 dislocations in the primary dislocation group and 111 patients with 111 dislocations in the recurrent dislocation group. Preoperative magnetic resonance arthrography and diagnostic arthroscopy were performed on all patients. RESULTS: In the primary dislocation group, 8 Bankart lesions, 9 free anterior labrum periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesions, 4 bony Bankart lesions, and 1 adhesive ALPSA lesion were observed. In the recurrent dislocation group, 68 Bankart lesions, 11 free ALPSA lesions, 13 bony Bankart lesions, 16 adhesive ALPSA lesions, and 1 glenoid articular rim disruption lesion were found. There were 22 (66.6%) and 109 (98.1%) patients with lesions in the anteroinferior labrum in the primary and recurrent groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .002). Also, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the prevalence of the Hill-Sachs lesion and inverted pear-shaped glenoid lesion (P = .008/P = .047). Inverted pear-shaped glenoids were observed in 15 patients in the recurrent group. In 139 of 144 patients, surgical findings of accompanying lesions coincided with magnetic resonance arthrography findings (96.5%). CONCLUSION: Various forms of anteroinferior labral lesions were seen in patients with traumatic anterior dislocation of shoulder. The recurrent dislocation group showed a significantly higher prevalence of anteroinferior labral lesions and bony lesions in comparison with the primary group. In our study, magnetic resonance arthrography was an accurate method to assess accompanying lesions in first-time and recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, suggesting that this may be a useful tool for determining a treatment method.