RESUMO
The prevalence of chronic diseases is currently a major public health issue worldwide and is exploding with the population growth and aging. Dietary patterns are well known to play a important role in our overall health and well-being, and therefore, poor diet and malnutrition are among the most critical risk factors for chronic disease. Thus, dietary recommendation and nutritional supplementation have significant clinical implications for the targeted treatment of some of these diseases. Multiple dietary patterns have been proposed to prevent chronic disease incidence, like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD). Among them, the MedDiet, which is one of the most well-known and studied dietary patterns in the world, has been related to a wide extent of health benefits. Substantial evidence has supported an important reverse association between higher compliance to MedDiet and the risk of chronic disease. Innovative strategies within the healthcare framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) view personalized dietary customization as a predictive medical approach, cost-effective preventive measures, and the optimal dietary treatment tailored to the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in primary and secondary care. Through a comprehensive collection and review of available evidence, this review summarizes health benefits of MedDiet in the context of PPPM/3PM for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cancer, thereby a working hypothesis that MedDiet can personalize the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases was derived.
RESUMO
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is on the rise globally. It is currently one of the most prevalent liver diseases and one of the world's important public health problems. At present, there is no consensus on a pharmacological treatment for MAFLD. By contrast, lifestyle interventions based on exercise and a balanced diet are considered to be the cornerstone of MAFLD management. Mediterranean diet (MD) have a large content of polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, carotenoids and fiber, which carry out antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial benefits. It has been considered to reduce the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is therefore to summarize and analyze the evidence for the effect of MD on metabolic outcomes in MAFLD patients.
