Dual targeting chimeric antigen receptor cells enhance antitumour activity by overcoming T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although our previous data indicated that claudin 18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells displayed remarkable clinical efficacy in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer, their efficacy is limited in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The tumour microenvironment (TME) is one of the main obstacles to the efficacy of CAR-T and remodelling the TME may be a possible way to overcome this obstacle. The TME of PDAC is characterized by abundant cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), which hinder the infiltration and function of CLDN18.2-targeted CAR-T cells. The expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is an important feature of active CAFs, providing potential targets for eliminating CAFs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In this study, we generated 10 FAP/CLDN 18.2 dual-targeted CAR-T cells and evaluated their anti-tumour ability in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS: Compared with conventional CAR-T cells, some dual-targeted CAR-T cells showed improved therapeutic effects in mouse pancreatic cancers. Further, dual-targeted CAR-T cells with better anti-tumour effect could suppress the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to improve the immunosuppressive TME, which contributes to the survival of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, dual-targeted CAR-T cells reduced the exhaustion of T cells in transforming TGF-ß dependent manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The dual-targeted CAR-T cells obtained enhancement of T effector function, inhibition of T cell exhaustion, and improvement of tumour microenvironment. Our findings provide a theoretical rationale for dual-targeted FAP/CLDN 18.2 CAR-T cells therapy in PDAC.

Logistic regression analysis of clinical features and condylar bone changes in patients with temporomandib-ular disorders / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between CBCT imaging changes of condyle and clinical features,and related risk factors in patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD).Methods:453 patients with TMD were enrolled and underwent CBCT scan for bilateral temporomandibular joints(TMJ),3D reconstruction of the TMJs was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between condylar bone changes and TMD clinical features.Results:Patients＜18 years old were more likely to have condylar bone changes than the adults.The symptoms of pain and restricted mouth opening were more likely to be detected in the condylar bone change group(n=133)than in the normal condylar bone group(n=320).The incidence of brux-ism in the normal condylar bone group was higher than that in the condylar bone change group.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that only bruxism(OR=0.550),pain(OR=1.844)and mouth restriction(OR=2.024)were included in the regression equa-tion.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,due to the protective effect of bruxism,the OR value of pain decreased from 1.844 to 1.791,and the OR value of mouth restriction decreased from 2.024 to 1.847.Conclusion:The condylar bone change in TMD patients more likely occur in puberty or patients with pain and restricted mouth opening.Bruxism may be a protective factor in the occurrence of condylar bone changes in TMD patients.

Structural and functional parameters of adult Macaca fascicularis retina / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To measure the retinal structural and functional parameters of adult Macaca fascicularis, and explore the similarity of the retinal structural and functional parameters between non-human primates and normal human retinas.Methods:Six eyes of 3 5-year-old adult Macaca fascicularis were examined by in vivo detection including color fundus photography, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram (ERG) to determine the thickness of the inner/outer retina at the fovea and 1 000/2 000 μm away from the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior regions of the fovea, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the area of optic disc, the area of optic cup, the area ratio of cup to disc and the biological parameters of flash ERG.Differences in the above parameters between left and right eyes were analyzed.The similarity of parameters between Macaca fascicularis and human was compared with reference to published literature.The use and care of animals complied with the Regulation on the Management of Experimental Animals.The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Hubei Topgene Biotechnology (NO.IACUC-2019-012). Results:The foveal thickness, optic disc area, cup-disc area ratio, and average RNFL thickness in normal adult Macaca fascicularis were (252.31±4.79)μm, (1.89±0.05)mm 2, 0.14±0.01, and (103.53±0.58)μm, respectively.The b-wave amplitude of dark-adapted 0.01 ERG was (66.75±7.29)μV.The a- and b-wave amplitudes of dark-adapted 3.0 ERG response were (57.15±15.01) and (122.10±25.51)μV, respectively.The a- and b-wave amplitudes, the amplitude of oscillation potentials, and the latency of dark-adapted 10.0 ERG response were (72.98±20.14)μV, (131.67±13.78)μV, (49.98±10.08)μV, and (30.02±5.76)ms, respectively.The a- and b-wave amplitudes of light-adapted 3.0 ERG were (9.16±2.75) and (40.43±5.57)μV, respectively.The latency and the amplitude of the light-adapted 30 Hz flicker was (26.61±1.19)ms and (24.72±5.10)μV, respectively.There was no significant difference in the parameters between left and right eyes (all at P>0.05). The retinal thickness in central fovea, mean RNFL thickness, waveform and amplitude of ERG of Macaca fascicularis were similar to normal human. Conclusions:The structure and function of the retina of adult Macaca fascicularis are similar to those of normal humans.As a laboratory animal for preclinical drug research, in vivo studies of Macaca fascicularis can refer to normal human retinal parameters.

miR-185-5p alleviates the inflammatory response of acute gouty arthritis by inhibiting of IL-1β / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and miR-185-5p in the process of joint injury in acute gouty arthritis (AGA). Methods The serum miR-185-5p levels of 89 AGA patients and 91 healthy volunteers were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The correlation between miR-185-5p expression level and VAS score or IL-1β expression level was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-185-5p in AGA. THP-1 cells were induced by sodium urate (MSU) to construct an in vitro acute gouty inflammatory cell model. After the expression level of miR-185-5p in THP-1 cells was upregulated or downregulated by transfection of miR-185-5p mimics or inhibitors in vitro, inflammatory cytokines of THP-1 cells, such as IL-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), were detected by ELISA. The luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the interaction between miR-185-5p and the 3'-UTR of IL-1β. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the expression level of serum miR-185-5p in AGA patients was significantly reduced. The level of serum miR-185-5p was negatively correlated with VAS score and IL-1β expression level. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.905, the sensitivity was 80.17% and the specificity was 83.52%. Down-regulation of miR-185-5p significantly promoted the expression of IL-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), while overexpression of miR-185-5p showed the opposite results. Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that IL-1β was the target gene of miR-185-5p, and miR-185-5p negatively regulated the expression of IL-1β. Conclusion miR-185-5p alleviates the inflammatory response in AGA by inhibiting IL-1β.

Expressing IL-15/IL-18 and CXCR2 improve infiltration and survival of EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells in breast cancer.

Previously, we have generated EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells and brought hope for treating advanced breast cancer. However, EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells were defined limited anti-tumor efficacy, which might be due to reduced accumulation, persistence of therapeutic T cells in tumor site of breast cancer. CXCLs were highly expressed in tumor environment of breast cancer and CXCR2 is the main receptor for CXCLs. Here, CXCR2 could significantly improve the trafficking and tumor specific accumulation of CAR-T cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effect of CXCR2 CAR-T cells were weaken which might be results of the apoptosis of T cells. Cytokines could stimulate Tcell proliferation, such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18. Then, we generated CXCR2 CAR with synthetic IL-15 or IL-18 production. Co-expressing IL-15 or IL-18 could significantly suppress the exhaustion and apoptosis of T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CXCR2 CAR-T cells in vivo. Further, coexpression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells did not cause toxicity. These findings provide a potential therapy strategy of co-expression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells for the treatment of advancing breast cancer in the future.

Effects of patellar replacement and height on treatment outcomes of total knee arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of patellar replacement and patellar height on the therapeutic effect of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 429 patients (92 males, 337 females; aged 66.81±7.05 years; left=226, right=203) with severe knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2020 to December 2021, with the body mass index of 27.60±4.22 kg/m 2, Grade-III Kellgren-Lawrence, and Insall-Salvati (IS) ratio >0.8. Afterward, the patients were divided into 4 groups according to whether patellar replacement was performed or not and the preoperative IS ratio (IS of 0.8-1.2 for normal patellar and >1.2 for high patellar): the patellar replacement+normal height patellar group (263 cases), the patellar replacement+high height patellar group (66 cases), the patellar non-replacement+normal height patellar group (68 cases), and the patellar non-replacement+high height patellar group (32 cases). Moreover, postoperative intergroup IS ratio, Knee Society Score (KSS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), knee range of motion, complications, and satisfaction were analyzed. Results:All patients were followed up, and the time was 1.15±0.16 years (range, 1-2 years). Postoperative symptoms such as knee pain, swelling, and limitation of movement were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period. Additionally, KSS pain score, knee range of motion, HSS score and OKS score were significantly different among the four groups ( F=9.49, P<0.001; F=11.09, P<0.001; F=6.74, P<0.001; F=3.24, P=0.022), but the difference in KSS functional scores was not statistically significant ( F=1.84, P=0.140). At the same time, the KSS pain score, HSS score, OKS score, and knee range of motion (41.84±5.25, 80.43±6.99, 14.27±5.39, and 122.33°±4.93°) in the patellar replacement+normal height patella group were all better than those in the patellar non-replacement +normal height patella group (38.31±7.31, 77.00±7.81, 16.05±5.81, 120.99°±4.90°) and patella non-replaced + high height patella group (37.97±7.28, 75.62±11.02, 16.63±6.67, 116.25°±13.08°), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The patella replacement+ high height patella group only had better KSS pain scores than the patella non-replaced+normal height patella group and the patella non-replaced+high height patella group (41.74±6.35, 38.31±7.31, 37.97±7.28), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Moreover, Knee mobility was better in the patellar replacement+high height patella group (121.68°±2.88°) and the patellar non-replacement+normal height patella group (120.99°±4.90°) than in the patellar non-replacement+high height patella group (116.25°±13.08°), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the IS ratio before surgery, 1 day after surgery and 1 year after surgery among the four groups ( P<0.05), and the IS ratio at 1 day after surgery was lower than that before surgery with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the IS ratio at 1 year after surgery and that before surgery ( P>0.05).Furthermore, the preoperative differences in the incidence of anterior knee pain, patellar clicking and satisfaction rates in patients with different patellar heights were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Finally, the patellar replacement group possessed a lower incidence of anterior knee pain (normal height patella: 7.6% vs. 16.2%, χ 2=4.68, P=0.031; high height patella: 9.1% vs. 25.0%, χ 2=4.46, P=0.035) and patellar clicking (normal height patella: 9.1% vs. 17.6%, χ 2=4.05, P=0.044; high patella: 13.6% vs. 31.2%, χ 2=4.28, P=0.039); there was no significant difference in satisfaction rate among the four groups after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Postoperative outcomes were better in patients with patellar replacement during TKA than in patients with no patellar replacement, and knee range of motion was better in patients with normal-height patellas than in patients with high patellas preoperatively, with no effect of TKA on patellar height.

Clinical value of complete lateral position endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery in treatment of staghorn kidney calculi / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To assess the safety and feasibility of complete lateral position endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery (ECIRS) in treatment of staghorn kidney calculi.Methods:The clinical data of 105 patients with staghorn kidney calculi from March 2016 to July 2022 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 55 patients were treated with lateral position percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) (PCNL group), and 50 patients were treated with complete lateral position ECIRS (ECIRS group). The operative time, removal time of double J-tube, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative hemoglobin decrease value, operative complications (using Clavien-Dindo grading criteria), additional postoperative intervention and calculi free rate were compared between two groups.Results:Both groups of patients were successfully operated. The operative time, postoperative hemoglobin decrease value and rate of additional postoperative intervention in ECIRS group were significantly lower than those in PCNL group: (98.3 ± 19.1) min vs. (103.4 ± 16.5) min, (9.34 ± 3.04) g/L vs. (12.55 ± 4.75) g/L and 8.00% (4/50) vs. 21.82% (12/55), the calculi free rate was significantly higher than that in PCNL group: 90.00% (45/50) vs. 74.55% (41/55), and there were no statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01); there were no statistical differences in the removal time of double J-tube, postoperative hospital stay, incidence of Clavien-Dindo≥ grade Ⅱ operative complications between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The complete lateral position ECIRS is a safe and effective treatment for staghorn kidney calculi, and is a good complement to the ECIRS technique because of its high stone free rate in phase Ⅰ, low complication incidence and easy dissemination.

A Wide-bandwidth Nanocomposite-Sensor Integrated Smart Mask for Tracking Multi-phase Respiratory Activities for COVID-19 Endemic

A global sentiment in early 2022 is that the COVID-19 virus could become endemic just like common cold flu viruses soon. The most optimistic view is that, with minimal precautions, such as vaccination, boosters and optional masking, life for most people will proceed as normal soon. However, as warned by A. Katzourakis of Oxford University recently [1], we must set aside lazy optimism, and must be realistic about the likely levels of death, disability and sickness that will be brought on by a COVID-19 endemic. Moreover, the world must also consider that continual circulation of the virus could give rise to new variants such as the new BA.2 variant (a subvariant of Omicron) continues to spread across the US and parts of Europe. Data from the CDC is already showing that BA.2 has been tripling in prevalence every two weeks [2]. Hence, globally, we must use available and proven weapons to continue to fight the COVID-19 viruses, i.e., effective vaccines, antiviral medications, diagnostic tests and stop an airborne virus transmission through social distancing, and mask wearing. For this work, we have demonstrated a smart mask with an optimally-coupled ultra-thin flexible soundwave sensors for tracking, classifying, and recognizing different respiratory activities, including breathing, speaking, and two-/tri-phase coughing; the masks functionality can also be augmented in the future to monitor other human physiological signals. Although researchers have integrated sensors into masks to detect respiratory activities in the past, they only based on measuring temperature and air flow during coughing, i.e., counting only the number of coughs. However, coughing is a process consisting of several phases, including an explosion of the air with glottal opening producing some noise-like waveform, a decrease of airflow to decrease sound amplitude, and a voiced stage which is the interruption of the air flow due to the closure of glottal and periodical vibration of partly glottis, which is not always present. Therefore, sensors used for cough detection should not be only sensitive to subtle air pressure but also the high-frequency vibrations, i.e., a pressure sensor that needs to be responsive to a wide input amplitude and bandwidth range, in order to detect air flows between hundreds of hertz from breath, and acoustic signals from voice that could reach [~] 8000 Hz. Respiratory activities data from thirty-one (31) human subjects were collected. Machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machines and Convolutional Neural Networks were used to classify the collected sensor data from the smart mask, which show an overall macro-recall of about 93.88% for the three respiratory sounds among all 31 subjects. For individual subjects, the 31 human subjects have the average macro-recall of 95.23% (ranging from 90% to 100%) for these 3 respiratory activities. Our work bridges the technological gap between ultra-lightweight but high-frequency response sensor material fabrication, signal transduction and conditioning, and applying machining learning algorithms to demonstrate a reliable wearable device for potential applications in continual healthy monitoring of subjects with cough symptoms during the eventual COVID-19 endemic. The monitoring and analysis of cough sound should be highly beneficial for human health management. These health monitoring data could then be shared with doctors via cloud storage and transmission technique to help disease diagnosis more effectively. Also, communication barriers caused by wearing masks can be alleviated by combining with the speech recognition techniques. In general, this research helps to advance the wearable device technology for tracking respiratory activities, similar to an Apple Watch or a Fitbit smartwatch in tracking physical and physiological activities.

Application of percutaneous intervention in the treatment of benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture / 国际外科学杂志

Choledochojejunostomy is a common surgical method for the treatment of organ diseases such as hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal and pancreatic diseases, but there are many complications related to the operation. Benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture (BBES) is the most common long-term complication after operation, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, bile duct reconstruction and endoscopic treatment are the main methods to deal with BBES, but there are some limitations. The new interventional therapy has the advantages of small trauma, good repeatability, high success rate and few complications. It has been applied in many medical centers. The main treatment methods include percutaneous transhepatic biliary balloon dilatation, percutaneous temporary stent placement, percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy, magnetic compression anastomosis and intrabiliary ablation. Up to now, there is no uniform standard for the choice of interventional therapy for BBES at home and abroad, so it is of great clinical significance to establish a standardized interventional therapy strategy.

The value of synthetic MRI combined with diffusion weighted imaging in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of synthetic MRI combined with DWI in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:The data of 184 consecutive patients with suspected breast lesions in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from July to September 2019 were prospectively analyzed. All patients were randomly assigned to training group ( n=110) and validation group ( n=74), and underwent conventional MRI and synthetic MRI respectively before and after contrast injection. At the maximum slice of the lesion, the ROI was drawn along the edge and recorded as "tumor". In the solid area with the most obvious tumor enhancement, the second ROI was drawn and recorded as "local". At the same time, ADC values (ADC local and ADC tumor) and relaxation time values (T local and T tumor) were measured. T and T + represented the relaxation time value of the ROI pre-and post-contrast scanning. ΔT% represented the relative change rate in T value between pre-and post-contrast scanning.The rank sum test was used to test the quantitative parameters of benign and malignant breast lesions in the training group and the validation group, and the variables with P<0.05 were included in the binary logistic regression analysis to screen the independent variables and establish the prediction model. The area under ROC curve was used to evaluate the discrimination of parameters and models. The clinical applicability of model was analyzed by decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:In the training group, univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in T 1tumor, T 1+tumor, ΔT 1% tumor, T 2local, T 2+local, T 2tumor and T 2+tumor, ADC local, ADC tumor between benign and malignant breast lesions ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T 1+tumor, ΔT 1% tumor, T 2tumor, ADC local, ADC tumor were independent variables in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The relaxation time model (model A: T 1+tumor, ΔT 1% tumor, T 2tumor) and ADC model (model B: ADC local, ADC tumor) established by combining the above variables had the same diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.905, 0.914, Z=-1.874, P=0.062), and the multi-parameter combination model (model C: T 1+tumor, ΔT 1% tumor, T 2tumor, ADC local, ADC tumor) had the highest diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.965). DCA analysis showed that when the threshold probability ranges between 21%-99% (training cohort) and 15%-99% (validation cohort), the net benefit of model C was better than model A and B. Conclusion:The multi-parameter combined prediction model established based on the relaxation time value and ADC can identify breast cancer efficiently and can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.

Research progress of non-coding ribonucleic acid in pulmonaryartery hypertension / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Non-coding RNA refers to a class of RNAs that cannot encode proteins, and they play a very important role in regulating cellular activities. Pulmonary arteryhypertension is a group of diseases characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular pressure. Its pathogenesis is complex and its influencing factors are numerous. The study found that non-coding RNA, as a transcription product that does not participate in translational functions, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of patients with pulmonary arteryhypertension. With regard to the more well-studied and relatively mature circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in non-coding RNAs, this article review the pathophysiological processes involved in the formation of pulmonary arteryhypertension.

Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in visual system / 中华实验眼科杂志

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an emerging technology that observes transcriptomes' differences between individual cells at the cellular level.The basic strategy is to capture single cells and lysis the cells to get mRNA, then amplify them after reversing transcriptions, finally cDNA is used to build sequencing libraries.At present, this technology has been widely used in many subject areas.Visual system includes retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex, etc.It's responsible for the acquisition and processing of visual information and the formation of vision.Visual information accounts for more than 70% of all sensory information.Therefore, the study of the visual system is particularly important.With the rapid development of science and technology, there are more and more research results on scRNA-seq.This technology is gradually becoming an important tool for guiding clinical practice, and has provided a bridge for basic research transforming to clinical research.In this review, we introduce the main technical routes and methods of scRNA-seq and detail its application in visual system.

Comparison of biomechanical properties of cervical paravertebral foramen screws, lateral mass screws and pedicle screws / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate and compare the biomechanical strength of paravertebral foramen screws (PVFS), lateral mass screws (LMS) and pedicle screws (PS).Methods:A total of 30 human cervical spine vertebrae (C 3-C 6) were harvested from 8 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens whose mean age was 45.3±11.2 years at death. The vertebrae were randomly divided into three groups for specific screws. For each vertebra, one side was randomly chosen for direct pullout strength test (speed 5 mm/s), and the other side for fatigue test (displacement ±1.0 mm, frequency 1 Hz, 500 cycles) and residual pullout strength test. 4.5 mm × 12 mm screws were used for PVFS, 3.5 mm × 14 mm screws for LMS, and 3.5 mm × 24 mm screws for PS. Results:The direct pullout strength was 327.10±17.07 N for PVFS, 305.71 ± 11.63 N for LMS, and 635.67 ± 22.82 N for PS. The residual pullout strength was 265.62 ±18.19 N for PVFS, 192.80 ±17.10 N for LMS, and 494.89 ±41.79 N for PS. The residual pullout strength of PVFS, LMS and PS respectively, compared with the direct pullout strength, decreased by 18.8%, 36.93% and 22.15% ( tPVFS=7.795 , tLMS=17.267 , tPS=9.349 , P<0.001). The direct pullout strength of PS was higher than that of PVFS and LMS( t=34.245, t=40.741, P< 0.001), as well as PVFS was slightly higher than LMS ( t=3.275, P=0.004). The residual pullout strength of PS was the highest, PVFS was the second, and LMS was the smallest ( F=314.619, P<0.001). For the fatigue test, the load at the first cycle and the first time when the set position was reached of PVFS were higher than those of LMS ( t=3.625, P=0.002; t=5.388, P<0.001) and PS ( t=2.575, P=0.019; t=2.680, P=0.015), but there was no difference between those of LMS and PS ( t=0.609 , P=0.550; t=1.953 , P=0.067). The load at the last cycle of PVFS and PS was higher than that of LMS ( t=5.341 , P<0.001 ; t=3.439 , P=0.003), while there was no difference between PVFS and PS ( t=1.606, P=0.126). Conclusion:The direct pullout strength of PVFS was slightly higher than that of LMS, and the residual pullout strength was significantly higher than LMS. The property of fatigue resistance of PVFS was similar to PS and obviously better than LMS. In summary, PVFS can be used as an effective substitute for LMS and PS.

Low-dose chloroquine mediated neuroprotection against n-methyl-d-aspartate induced excitotoxicity in adult mice / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of different concentrations of chloroquine on RGC in n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) injured mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Fifty-four healthy male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, 18 in each group. The mice in low-dose chloroquine group were intraperitoneally injected with chloroquine solution at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily. Mice in high-dose chloroquine group were intraperitoneally injected with chloroquine solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and the mice in control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of PBS. NMDA intravitreal injection was performed 2 days after intraperitoneal injection, 5 nmoles NMDA was injected into the left eye, and the same volume of PBS was injected into the right eye as a control. The RGC staining of retinal plaques were performed 7 days after NMDA injection, and the number of alive RGC was calculated. The visual acuity and electroretinogram were used to evaluate the electrophysiological functions of RGC at 9 and 10 days after modeling. Real-time quantitative PCR and retinal frozen sections and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence staining were performed 11 days after NMDA injection to evaluate the glial activation of the retina. The density, visual acuity, and the amplitude of PhNR-wave of RGC between groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance.Results:At 7 days after NMDA injection, the density of RGC in retinal patch of low-dose chloroquine group was significantly higher than that of intraperitoneal injection of PBS control group ( F=54.41, P<0.01). The density of RGC in retinal patch of high-dose chloroquine group was lower than that of control group ( F=1.18, P>0.05). The visual acuity was higher than control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=9.10, P<0.05). The amplitude of PhNR-wave was significantly higher in low-dose chloroquine group than that of the control group ( F=17.60, P<0.01). The mRNA level of inflammatory factor and GFAP positive signal was also significantly lower than that of the control group ( F=23.66, P<0.05). The amplitude of PhNR-wave, the expression of GFAP ( F=110.20, P<0.01) and the mRNA level of inflammatory factors ( F=167.60, 17.78; P<0.01) in the high-dose chloroquine group were higher than the other two groups, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:In NMDA injury retinal model, low-dose chloroquine significantly increased the survival and physiological function of RGC, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of glial activation and inflammatory response. High-dose of chloroquine would aggravate the apoptosis of RGC.

Research progress of acute aortic syndrome / 中华外科杂志

Acute aortic syndrome(AAS) is a lethal disease with acute onset and a high mortality rate as well as a higher incidence rate especially in an aging population. The diagnostic techniques of AAS have been improving in recent years. Many serum biomarkers have been shown to have the potential of further clinical implication. Advancement of imaging techniques has also improved the accuracy of early diagnosis. Although traditional treatment modality involving open surgery is life-saving, it still has a high mortality rate and a high major morbidity rate. The increasing utilization of endovascular techniques has greatly improved the prognosis of AAS, while it still need further optimization to be applied in different subgroups of patients.

A preliminary study on the forming quality of titanium alloy removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the processing accuracy, internal quality and suitability of the titanium alloy frameworks of removable partial denture (RPD) fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technique, and to provide reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#The plaster model of one clinical patient was used as the working model, and was scanned and reconstructed into a digital working model. A RPD framework was designed on it. Then, eight corresponding RPD frameworks were fabricated using SLM technique. Three-dimensional (3D) optical scanner was used to scan and obtain the 3D data of the frameworks and the data was compared with the original computer aided design (CAD) model to evaluate their processing precision. The traditional casting pure titanium frameworks was used as the control group, and the internal quality was analyzed by X-ray examination. Finally, the fitness of the frameworks was examined on the plaster model.@*Results@#The overall average deviation of the titanium alloy RPD framework fabricated by SLM technology was (0.089±0.076) mm, the root mean square error was 0.103 mm. No visible pores, cracks and other internal defects was detected in the frameworks. The framework fits on the plaster model completely, and its tissue surface fitted on the plaster model well. There was no obvious movement.@*Conclusions@#The titanium alloy RPD framework fabricated by SLM technology is of good quality.

Application of language intervention to alleviate the discomfort of patients during the colonoscopy process / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the language intervention to reduce patients′discomfort during a colonoscopy examination. Methods A total of 72 subjects who accepted a colonoscopy process in the Digestive Endoscopy Department of the Dalian Central Hospital from September 2014 to December 2015 were divided by random number table method into two groups, 38 for the control group and 34 for the observation group. The control group adopted routine nursing care, while the observation group adopted the language intervention besides the routine nursing care, in accordance with the implementation steps of language intervention for patients who accepted the colonoscopy examination, which means the four stages , the four positions and the four methods. The first stage: the enteroscope entered the anus and arrived the rectum , applied the deep breathing with anal movement method . The second stage: from the rectum to the sigmoid colon, used the induce distraction method. The third stage: stimulated the patients′ excitement at the junctional area of descending colon and transverse colon (the spleen area). The fourth stage: at the junctional area of transverse and ascending colon (the liver ares), used the continuous excitation method. In each stage, individualized language intervention and psychological nursing were given to every patient in the observation group. The cooperating effect of the two groups were evaluated. Results The frequency of pain, the pain scores,the frequency of pressing and the average insertion time of the control group respectively were (8.68 ± 0.83) times,(45.08 ± 6.66) points, (5.73±0.75) times,(372.26±31.77) s, while the observation group were (4.53±0.38) times,(17.07± 3.01) times,(2.05±0.38) times,(268.61±14.51) s, less than the control group ,the t value respectively were 3.81,27.17,3.51,4.66, and the difference was significant (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions Using the language intervention nursing method can significantly relieve the patients′ nervous and anxiety during the procedure, ease the pain and discomfort, shorten the insertion time, improve the subjects′ experience during the colonoscopy examination, make the patients more coordinate with the examination and complete it successfully.

Fabrication and in vitro biological safety of a novel functional coating on microarc-oxidized titanium / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To fabricate and to study the surface morphology and biological safety of a novel coating on microarc-oxidized titanium.Methods:The novel functional coating was fabricated by cross-linking the double-layer nanoparticles loading rhBMP-2 and SDF-1 with gelatin on microarc-oxidation coating on titanium implant surface.The surface topography was observed and optimized,and the biological safety of the novel coating was primarily evaluated by cell toxicity test,oral mucosa stimulation test and hemolysis test in vitro.Results:The novel functional coating possesses excellent morphology.The coating showed the cytotoxicity of score 1 and no mucous membrane irritation,the hemolytic rate of the coating was 4.6％.Conclusion:The coating possesses good morphology and biological safety.

Study on the fit of titanium alloy removable partial denture framework fabricated by selective laser melting / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the fit of titanium alloy removable partial denture framework fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM) technique.Methods:7 Kennedy Ⅲ Ti-6Al-4V removable titanium alloy partial denture frameworks were fabricated by SLM technology.An optical scanner was used to scan the gypsum model adhered with the silicone rubber film obtained by the impression method before and after removal of the film.Geomagic Qualify 2013 software was used to analyze the gap between the model and the tissue surface of the major connector of the framework,the fit of the frame work was evaluated.Results:The overall 3D deviation between the titanium alloy frameworks and the gypsum model was (0.221 9±0.07) mm.Conclusion:The fit of the titanium alloy removable partial denture framework made by SLM technology can basically met the clinical requirements.