Beyond "do not touch": the experience of a three-dimensional printed artifacts museum as an alternative to traditional museums for visitors who are blind and partially sighted.

Three-dimensional printing, or 3D printing, has been used toward the educational, cultural, and social participation of individuals who are blind and partially sighted (BPS) by providing sensory access by touch. This study describes an example of the use of 3D printing technology to make museums accessible to visitors who are BPS by creating a three-dimensional printed artifacts museum (3D-PAM) that exhibits 3D printed replicas of artifacts from famous museums around the world. Specifically, the aim of the study is to identify the definitions of museums and the general experiences of museum visits by people who are BPS, to have them visit a 3D-PAM, and to unravel their reactions to this experience and their future suggestions for 3D-PAM. Eleven individuals participated in this basic qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to uncover their understanding of the experience. Results show that people who are BPS have a negative perception of museums because they are often inaccessible to this group and that the 3D-PAM in our study offered a pleasant experience that contributed to accessibility. These results suggest further that 3D-PAMs, either as an alternative and separate museum type or integrated into existing museums, are highly important for people who are BPS.

Global circulation of Mars' upper atmosphere.

The thermosphere of Mars is the interface through which the planet is continuously losing its reservoir of atmospheric volatiles to space. The structure and dynamics of the thermosphere is driven by a global circulation that redistributes the incident energy from the Sun. We report mapping of the global circulation in the thermosphere of Mars with the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. The measured neutral winds reveal circulation patterns simpler than those of Earth that persist over changing seasons. The winds exhibit pronounced correlation with the underlying topography owing to orographic gravity waves.

Usefulness of C1 esterase inhibitor protein concentrate in the management of hereditary angioedema of oropharyngeal tissue.

Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutation of the gene encoding the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). It manifests as painless, nonpruritic, nonpitting episodic swelling of the subcutaneous tissues, gastrointestinal, and upper respiratory tracts in the absence of urticaria. An attack typically takes 24 h to peak and resolves over 48-72 h. The most serious manifestation is a laryngeal attack associated with upper airway swelling. The aim of this case report is to describe the lifesaving use of a novel C1-INH protein concentrate in a patient with mild-to-moderate dyspnea caused by swelling of the upper airway (larynx) and tongue.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in the Emergency Service.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an entity characterized by headache, altered mental status, seizures, visual disturbances, and focal neurological signs. The most common etiologies of PRES are hypertension and renal failure, and the most frequent pathophysiology is hyperperfusion. PRES is generally symmetrical, often in the occipital and parietal lobes, and is typically characterized by vasogenic edema in the subcortical white matter. This study involves a 38-year-old female patient who had hypertension, used immunosuppressive drugs and was also found to have nephropathy. After 3 months of treatment for PRES, the patient's symptoms had declined.

Assessment of respirable dust exposures in an opencast coal mine.

All major opencast mining activities produce dust. The major operations that produce dust are drilling, blasting, loading, unloading, and transporting. Dust not only deteriorates the environmental air quality in and around the mining site but also creates serious health hazards. Therefore, assessment of dust levels that arise from various opencast mining operations is required to prevent and minimize the health risks. To achieve this objective, an opencast coal mining area was selected to generate site-specific emission data and collect respirable dust measurement samples. The study covered various mining activities in different locations including overburden loading, stock yard, coal loading, drilling, and coal handling plant. The dust levels were examined to assess miners' exposure to respirable dust in each of the opencast mining areas from 1994 to 2005. The data obtained from the dust measurement studies were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer procedure. The analyses were performed by using Minitab 14 statistical software. It was concluded that, drilling operations produce higher dust concentration levels and thus, drill operators may have higher incidence of respiratory disorders related to exposure to dust in their work environment.

A closer look at traditional contraceptive use in Turkey.

Withdrawal is the main method used amongst couples in Turkey to prevent pregnancy. Discontinuation of use is most likely to be due to the desire to become pregnant or failure of the method. Withdrawal users are less likely to switch to another contraceptive method; however, among users who do switch, they will most likely switch to a modem method. The strongest three determinants that predict withdrawal use are using withdrawal as one's first method, the woman's age, and the husband's education. The woman's work status and the couple's ethnicity are also important predictors of withdrawal use. Family planning programs should target different segments of the population and focus on correct knowledge of all methods. Results indicate that men and women need to learn about family planning options earlier in their lives or prior to marriage.

The amino terminus of the coat protein of Turnip crinkle virus is the AVR factor recognized by resistant arabidopsis.

We have isolated three naturally occurring strains of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) that break resistance in Di-17 Arabidopsis. Two mutations in the N terminus of the TCV coat protein, D4N and P5S, were shown to confer this phenotype. Thus, this region of the coat protein is involved in eliciting resistance responses in Arabidopsis.