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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of estrogen receptor (ER) ß in the prognosis of ERα-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and its effect on the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Tissue specimens from 195 patients with postmenopausal breast cancer were analyzed. ERß expression levels were detected using immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess patient survival, and the difference in survival was analyzed using the log-rank test. Cox regression was utilized to evaluate prognostic factors. The results revealed that the disease-free survival rate decreased dramatically as ERß expression levels increased in all postmenopausal ERα-positive breast cancer patients, and ERß expression was identified to be an indicator of poor prognosis in cases of this disease. Similarly, in postmenopausal ERα-positive breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy, high ERß expression levels reduced the disease-free survival rate and were correlated with poor patient prognosis. However, in such patients who were not treated with endocrine therapy, disease-free survival rate and prognosis were not significantly affected by ERß expression. In conclusion, ERß overexpression led to endocrine therapy resistance and poor prognosis in postmenopausal ERα-positive breast cancer patients, suggesting that ERß may affect breast cancer prognosis via an increase in endocrine therapy resistance.
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BACKGROUND:The cultivation of mammary gland stem cel s is of great significance for the development of mammary gland and breast cancer. OBJECTIVE:To seek an easy method to isolate and culture mammary gland stem cel in vitro, and verify the safety of cel s. METHODS:Mammary epithelial cel s were isolated from normal tissues surrounding breast cancer, and CD49f-and EPCAM-positive cel s were sorted using flow cytometry fol owed by surface marker analysis and cel colony formation ability analysis. Afterwards, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect C-erbB-2 and Maspin mRNA expression in mammary gland stem cel s, breast cancer tissues and normal tissues surrounding breast cancer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human mammary gland stem cel s were successful y cultured and highly expressed CD49f and EPCAM, with the presence of mixed colony, pleural epithelial cel colony, and myoepithelial cel colony. c-erbB-2 was lowly expressed while Maspin highly expressed in mammary gland stem cel s. Our experimental findings indicate that the mammary gland stem cel s derived from normal tissue surrounding breast cancer have biological safety.
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ß-catenin, cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor (ER)-ß are closely associated with the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In the present study, tissue samples were collected from 226 patients with breast cancer. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression of ß-catenin, cyclin D1 and ER-ß, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The abnormal expression rate of ß-catenin was 75.2%, while the cyclin D1 positive expression rate was 77.0% and the ER-ß positive expression rate was 43.4%. In the tissue samples exhibiting abnormal expression of ß-catenin, the positive expression rate of cyclin D1 (85.9%) was significantly higher compared with the samples that expressed ß-catenin normally (50.0%). Furthermore, the positive expression rate of ER-ß (35.7%) in the ß-catenin normal expression tissues was significantly lower compared with that in the ß-catenin abnormal expression tissues (45.9%). In the tissues with positive cyclin D1 expression, the positive expression rate of ER-ß (48.4%) was significantly higher compared with the cyclin D1 negative expression samples (26.9%). In addition, patients with normal expression of ß-catenin and positive expression of cyclin D1 exhibited longer tumor-free survival times. Therefore, an association exists among the abnormal expression of ß-catenin and the positive expression of cyclin D1 and ER-ß, which may contribute to the development of breast cancer.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of estrogen receptor ß (ERß) in triple-negative and triple-positive breast cancer patients, and evaluate its utility as a prognostic factor. Between January 2000 and December 2010, primary tumor tissue samples were collected from 234 subjects, including 107 triple-negative and 127 triple-positive breast cancer patients. The samples were embedded in paraffin and immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the expression levels of ERß. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze patient survival rates. ERß expression was observed in 38/107 patients (35.5%) with triple-negative breast cancer and 63/127 patients (49.6%) with triple-positive breast cancer. The ERß expression rate was significantly decreased in the patients with triple-negative breast cancer, as compared with those with triple-positive breast cancer (P=0.03). Analysis of the survival rates indicated that patients with triple-negative breast cancer and positive ERß expression exhibited poor disease progression-free survival (DFS) compared with those with negative ERß expression (P=0.021). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the DFS between the triple-positive breast cancer patients with positive and negative ERß expression. Therefore, the expression of ERß varies between triple-negative and triple-positive breast cancer patients. In addition, positive expression of ERß indicates a poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients; however, this is not the case for triple-positive breast cancer patients.
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AIMS: The present study is to detect the expression of cyclin D1 in different clinical molecular subtypes in breast cancer, and to analyze its relationship to the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2), tumor size, clinical stages, histological grades, age of menarche, and prognosis. METHODS: In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of 226 patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2000 and December 2012. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cyclin D1 in breast cancer tissues. Pearson's Chi-square test was performed to compare the expression of cyclin D1 under different clinical indicators, and under different immune indexes and subtypes. Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between cyclin D1 expression and ER, PR, Her-2, tumor size, clinical stages, histological grades and age of menarche. Kaplan-Meier was employed to calculate the survival time of tumor-free survival time. Log-rank method was used to analyze the survival curves. RESULTS: The expression of cyclin D1 was not significantly correlated to tumor size, clinical stages, histological grades, age of menarche, or PR, but was correlated to ER. Higher cyclin D1 positive rate corresponded to higher ER positive rate. The expression of cyclin D1 was negatively correlated to Her-2 expression (P < 0.05). Higher cyclin D1 positive rate corresponded to lower Her-2 positive rate. In cyclin D1 positive group, the percentage of Luminal A type was the highest. In cyclin D1 negative group, the percentage of Luminal B type was the highest. Higher cyclin D1 positive rate led to longer tumor-free survival time. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of cyclinD1 is significantly correlated to ER and Her-2. Positive expression of cyclin D1 suggests good prognosis, and can be used as an indicator for the evaluation of the prognosis of breast cancer.
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This study is to determine the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERß) in breast cancer patients and to evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer and its effects on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissue sections from 490 breast cancer patients were collected consecutively from January 2000 to December 2010. They had complete clinical data and follow-up records. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine ERß expression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Difference in survival was analyzed by the Log-Rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of ERß expression in breast cancer patients. The ERß high and over expression rate in 490 breast patients was 22.4% (110/490). ERß expression was not associated with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer. The mean survival time in patients with ERß negative expression, ERß low expression, ERß high expression and ERß over expression was 9.9 years, 9.2 years, 8.6 years and 5.6 years. Statistically, patients with ERß high and over expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) time compared with the patients with ERß negative and low expression. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that ERß high and over expression, the pathologic stages of tumor and chemotherapy were the independent predictors for poor DFS in breast cancer patients. ERß expression is an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer patients and its high and over expression indicates poor prognosis of breast cancer. There was no correlation between ERß expression and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER)ß and the curative effect of endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer tissues were collected from 583 breast cancer patients between January 2000 and December 2010 and used for analysis. ERß expression levels were determined using immunohistochemical staining. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was conducted for difference analysis between survival times. In addition, Cox multivariate analysis was performed to analyze prognostic factors for breast cancer. In the immunohistochemical staining assay, a positive ERß expression rate of <10% was defined as ERß low expression, while >10% was defined as ERß high expression. In patients expressing low levels of ERß, the median tumor-free survival time of the patients who received endocrine therapy was significantly higher compared with that of the patients who did not receive endocrine therapy. By contrast, in patients with high ERß expression levels, there was no significant difference in the median tumor-free survival time between the patients who received endocrine therapy and those who did not. In addition, compared with ERß low expression patients, ERß high expression patients had a significantly lower median tumor-free survival time. Furthermore, ERß expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy were identified to be independent prognostic factors for breast cancer. Therefore, high ERß expression in breast cancer indicates poor prognosis for endocrine therapy.
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PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the estrogen receptor ß (ERß) expression in molecular subtypes of breast cancer and clinic significance of ERß expression. METHOD: The ERß expression was detected in 730 cases of breast cancer tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-one patients were censored during 2-10 years follow-up. The difference in ERß expression was analyzed by Pearson Chi-square Test. Its correlation with estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. The accumulative tumor-free survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and difference in survival rate was analyzed by Log-rank test. Cox regression was used for multi-factor analysis. RESULT: The ERß expression was significantly different among the molecular subtypes of breast cancer (P < 0.05). The ERß expression in breast cancer was positively correlated with Her-2 (P < 0.05) while it had no correlation with ERα and Her-2. The expression of ERα was negatively correlated with Her-2 (P < 0.01) whereas positively correlated with PR (P < 0.01). The expression of PR was negatively correlated with Her-2 (P < 0.05). The tumor-free survival rate in patients with positive ERß expression was significantly lower than that in patients with negative ERß expression. CONCLUSION: Positive ERß expression is a poor prognostic factor of breast cancer. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1084557586106833.
