"Truman syndrome" induced by online education: A case report in adolescent-Onset psychosis.

Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is an important psychiatric problem characterized by the onset of psychotic symptoms before the age of 18 years. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who had social anxiety symptoms in the premorbid period and whose psychotic symptoms increased with pandemic restrictions and online education. Our patient's distance from the peer environment and school as well as the fact that she used webcams and online education more frequently in her daily life were risk factors for EOS. In accordance with the case of Truman syndrome, she has delusions that her daily life is secretly filmed and that she is a "TV star." Anti-anxiety treatments were initiated during the pre-pandemic period. After a diagnosis of schizophrenia was made, antipsychotic treatment was initiated. A significant response was observed after paliperidone (extended release) treatment. Close follow-ups revealed decreased delusions and increased functionality. Further studies are required to elucidate whether Truman syndrome and social anxiety are different aspects of a similar spectrum. With increasing digitalization, the direction of psychiatric diseases, including EOS, and measures that can be taken for adolescent mental health in crisis, such as pandemics, should be discussed in future research.

Executive functions in adolescents with gender dysphoria.

Aim: Aim of this study is evaluating EF by performing neurocognitive tests, and to identify gender-related differences in EF between adolescents with and without GD.Methods: 8 Female-to-Male transgender adolescents (FtMs), and 14 Male-to-Female transsexual adolescents (MtFs) (Gender Dysphoria Group, GDG) and 29 boys, 21 girls (Control Group, CG), were tested in a cross-sectional study, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). The psychiatric diagnoses were established by using the KD-SADS.Results: Among GDG 72.7%, had at least one psychopathology. There weren't any significant differences in, estimated IQ scores, or WCST subtest scores between the 2 groups. COWAT total word count and SCWT-5 total duration test scores were better in the CG.Conclusion: CG had better performance on verbal fluency and response inhibition whereas no differences found on set shifting abilities. In consideration of the existence of EF-related impairment in adolescents with GD, appropriate support and interventions are expected to improve their adaptation skills and comorbid psychopathologies. These results should be interprete cautiously and additional larger scale studies are needed to obtain more comprehensive data related to gender differences in EF of adolescents with GD.

Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria had high rates of co-morbid psychopathology.The control group had significantly better response inhibition and verbal fluency scores than the GD group.There were no significant difference in set shifting abilities between two groups.

Videoconference anxiety: Conceptualization, scale development, and preliminary validation.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, activities involving a large part of life have started to be carried out via videoconferencing. Videoconferencing can be disadvantageous for individuals with social anxiety due to increased social presence, decreased mutual understanding, and awkward communication. The authors aimed to develop a scale to explore the difficulties experienced by individuals with social anxiety during videoconferencing. A total of 598 children and adolescents participated in the study. The data were collected with the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Videoconference Anxiety Scale, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. According to exploratory factor analysis, the scale consisted of 25 items and a single factor. Factor loads were between 0.62 and 0.81; the single factor explained 52.95% of the variance. This study shows that the Videoconference Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for Turkish children.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic Referrals During Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey.

Background: : The objective of the current study was to assess how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected mental health services compared to the same period of the year before the pandemic. Methods: The data in the study were retrieved from the databases of the computer systems of the hospitals. All referrals in the child psychiatry outpatient clinic between March 1 and June 30, 2019, and between March 1 and June 30, 2020, constituted the sample. Results: Of the 3110 referrals, 2246 were cases and 864 were repeating examinations. Of the 2246 cases, 70.5% (n = 1583) were admitted in 2019, while 29.5% (n = 663) were admitted in 2020. Of the cases who referred in 2019, 37.3% (n = 590) were female, while this rate was 43.9% (n = 291) in 2020. The mean age of 2019 cases was found to be 9.51 ± 4.17, while the mean age of 2020 cases was found to be 10.39 ± 4.06. While attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depressive disorder, panic disorder, school refusal, and sleep disorder rates increased significantly, specific learning disorders and mental retardation rates were found to be on the decrease in 2020. In 2019, 47.6% (n = 754) of the cases were followed with medication, and in 2020, this rate increased to 63.2% (n = 419). Conclusion: Pandemic conditions affected the content of public hospital psychiatry referrals significantly. It can be thought that the significant decrease in the number of referrals may be the result of citizens obeying the prohibitions and the fear of disease transmission in families with the onset of the pandemic that precedes the existing psychiatric problems of children.