RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between eustachian tube dysfunction and middle-ear effusion is well established. Studies have also demonstrated pathological changes affecting the middle-ear mucosa associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation. No previous studies have evaluated symptoms related to sinonasal inflammatory disease in different ear diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of sinonasal symptoms in ear diseases using the Dundee Rhinogram. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively in the period February-October 2011. Sinonasal symptoms were graded using the Dundee Rhinogram. Student's t-test analyses were performed to identify any statistically significant associations. RESULTS: In total, 164 patients were assessed. There was a statistically significant association between sinonasal symptoms and mucosal middle-ear diseases (p < 0.005). The mean sinonasal symptoms score for mucosal middle-ear disease patients was 5.94 (range, 0-32). CONCLUSION: Assessment of sinonasal symptoms is paramount in patients presenting with an ear symptom; inflammatory sinonasal disease treatment may become necessary in the management of middle-ear mucosal disease for better patient outcome.
Assuntos
Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/patologia , Tuba Auditiva/patologia , Otite Média com Derrame/patologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/classificação , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/cirurgia , Doença Crônica , Orelha Externa/patologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nasofaringe/patologia , Otite Média com Derrame/classificação , Otite Média com Derrame/cirurgia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/classificação , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: Because no ECG lead cable and lead selector is equipped, SYD-4228 Physiology Experiment System can not be used to record and observe ECG. This paper introduces an ECG lead converter/selector designed and implemented by us. METHODS: With resistor network and lead input cable, an ECG lead converter/selector was produced. RESULTS: As an independent and assistant part of SYD-4228 system, this ECG lead converter/selector can be used to record ECG waveform in animal experiment. CONCLUSION: Capable of matching both SYD-4228 system and other ECG recording systems, this ECG lead converter/selector can record ECG waveforms with different lead systems simultaneously. Real-time observation and comparison of waveforms recorded by different lead systems can be available.
