[The sleep condition and its association with cognitive function of the elderly in six provinces of China].

Objective: To analyze the association between sleep duration and cognitive function of the elderly in six provinces of China. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional survey data of the elderly from the Healthy Ageing Assessment Cohort Study in 2019, 4 644 participants' sociodemographic and economic indicators, lifestyle, prevalence of major chronic diseases, and sleep status, including night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and insomnia, were collected by questionnaires. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and cognitive function. Results: The mean age of 4 644 respondents was (72.3±5.7) years, and 2 111 of them were males (45.5%). The mean total daily sleep time of the elderly was (7.9±1.9) hours, and the proportion of those who slept less than 7.0, 7.0-8.9 and≥9.0 hours was 24.1% (1 119), 42.1% (1 954) and 33.8% (1 571), respectively. The mean sleep time at night was (6.9±1.7) hours. About 23.7% (1 102) of the elderly did not sleep during the day, and the mean duration of the elderly who slept during the day was (78±51) minutes. Among the elderly with insomnia, 47.9% were still satisfied with their sleep quality. The mean value of MMSE score of 4 644 respondents was (24.5±5.3), and the cognitive impairment rate was 28.3% (1 316). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who did not sleep, slept for 31 to 60 minutes and slept more than one hour was 1.473 (1.139 to 1.904), 1.277 (1.001 to 1.629) and 1.496 (1.160 to 1.928), respectively, compared with those who slept for 1 to 30 minutes during the daytime. Compared with those who slept for 7.0‒8.9 hours at night, the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who slept more than 9.0 hours was 1.239 (1.011 to 1.519). Conclusion: The cognitive function is related to sleep duration in the Chinese elderly.

[Study on the establishment of regional healthy aging promotion index].

Objective: To establish an index that can reflect the level of healthy aging promotion in a region. Methods: Establish an indicators system using expert consultation and then determine the weight for each indicator using the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, we can get the regional healthy aging promotion index. Results: Regional healthy aging promotion indicator system was established, including five first-level indicators (residence environment, medical service, public health, nurse and care, and supporting system) and 21 second-level indicators. The weight of every level-one indicator ranges from 0.073 to 0.346. Two indicators with the highest weight are residence environment and public health (0.346 and 0.325, respectively), while the indicator with the lowest weight is nurse and care (0.073). The importance of every level-two indicator ranges from 0.011 to 0.162. The consistency ratio of the regional healthy aging promotion index is 0.021, and the consistency test is qualified. Conclusion: Regional healthy aging promotion index established in this study is very scientific, reasonable, and applicable. It can be used to evaluate the region's situation or level of healthy aging promotion.

[Urinary sodium, urine potassium and sodium-potassium ratio, and influencing factors of family cooks and family members in six regions of China].

Objective: To investigate the sodium intake, potassium intake, sodium- potassium ratio and influencing factors of family cooks and members in six regions of China. Methods: Using the multistage random sampling method, a total of 1 576 family cooks and their family members were recruited from 6 regions in China. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect basic information. 24 h urine was collected to test 24 h urinary sodium and potassium levels. Results: After excluding unqualified urine samples, a total of 1 530 people were included in the study. For all participants, 24 h urine sodium value was (4.39±1.93) g, 24 h urine potassium value was (1.59±0.62) g and sodium-potassium ratio was 5.02±2.18. 24 h urinary sodium was negatively correlated with age, female, junior high school education or above, and annual family income (P<0.05), and positively correlated with perceived salty taste, BMI and SBP (P<0.05). The 24 h urine potassium value was negatively correlated with eating out almost everyday (P<0.05), but positively correlated with BMI and unwillingness to reduct salt (P<0.05). The sodium-potassium ratio was negatively correlated with age, female and junior high school education or above annual family income (P<0.05), and positively correlated with perceived salty taste, SBP and eating out 3-5 d/week (P<0.05). Conclusions: The 24 h urinary sodium value and sodium potassium ratio of family cooks and family members in six regions of China are still at high level, while the 24 h urine potassium value is low, with multiple factors. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out long-term comprehensive salt reduction intervention for family cooks and their members.

Band-selective Holstein polaron in Luttinger liquid material A0.3MoO3 (A = K, Rb).

(Quasi-)one-dimensional systems exhibit various fascinating properties such as Luttinger liquid behavior, Peierls transition, novel topological phases, and the accommodation of unique quasiparticles (e.g., spinon, holon, and soliton, etc.). Here we study molybdenum blue bronze A0.3MoO3 (A = K, Rb), a canonical quasi-one-dimensional charge-density-wave material, using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our experiment suggests that the normal phase of A0.3MoO3 is a prototypical Luttinger liquid, from which the charge-density-wave emerges with decreasing temperature. Prominently, we observe strong renormalizations of band dispersions, which are recognized as the spectral function of Holstein polaron derived from band-selective electron-phonon coupling in the system. We argue that the strong electron-phonon coupling plays an important role in electronic properties and the charge-density-wave transition in blue bronzes. Our results not only reconcile the long-standing heavy debates on the electronic properties of blue bronzes but also provide a rare platform to study interesting excitations in Luttinger liquid materials.

[Prediction of 6-year incidence risk of chronic kidney disease in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China].

Objective: To establish a prediction model for 6-year incidence risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we used the data of 3 742 participants collected during 2008/2009-2014 and during 2012-2017/2018 from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Two follow up surveys for renal function were successfully conducted for 1 055 participants without CKD in baseline survey. Lasso method was used for the selection of risk factors. The risk prediction model of CKD was established by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and visualized through nomogram tool. Bootstrap method (1 000 resample) was used for internal validation, and the performance of the model was assessed by C-index and calibration curve. Results: The mean age of participants was (80.8±11.4) years. In 4 797 person years of follow up, CKD was found in 262 participants (24.8%). Age, BMI, sex, education level, marital status, having retirement pension or insurance, hypertension prevalence, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate in baseline survey were used in the model to predict the 6-year incidence risk of CKD in the elderly. The corrected C-index was 0.766, the calibration curve showed good consistence between predicted probability and observed probability in high risk group, but relatively poor consistence in low risk group. Conclusion: The incidence risk prediction model of CKD established in this study has a good performance, and the nomogram can be used as visualization tool to predict the 6-year risk of CKD in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.

[Blood pressure changes in 18-59 years old adults in rural area of Shanxi province, China].

Objective: To analyze the blood pressure changes of adults aged 18-59 years in rural area of Shanxi province based on a cohort study, and provide reference for the study of the blood pressure level of rural residents and hypertension prevention and control in rural areas in China. Methods: Data were obtained from Shanxi Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Subjects aged <18 years or ≥60 years and individuals with hypertension at baseline survey in 2002, and those who had taken antihypertensive drugs for nearly two weeks during the follow-up survey in 2015 were excluded from the study. A total of 1 629 subjects aged 18-59 years were included in the analyses of the blood pressure level and its change from the baseline survey in 2002 to follow-up survey in 2015. Results: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the subjects increased from (122.7±10.4) mmHg in 2002 to (132.8±17.6) mmHg in 2015 and the diastolic pressure (DBP) increased from (72.7±6.9) mmHg in 2002 to (78.8±10.3) mmHg in 2015. The SBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 6.7% and 9.5%. While DBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 9.3% and 7.8%. The SBP levels of those aged 18-, 30-, 40- and 50-59 years increased with growth rates of 5.0%, 6.7%, 9.4% and 11.8%. While the DBP of these age groups increased with growth rates of 12.2%, 8.2%, 8.2% and 6.5%. Conclusions: The blood pressure of adults aged 18-59 years old in rural area of Shanxi showed a substantially increasing trend. The mean increase level of SBP in women was higher than that in men, and increased with age. While the mean increase level of DBP in men is higher than that in women, and decreased with age.

[Association of plasma albumin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein with 5-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 and older from 8 longevity areas in China].

Objective: To investigate the relationship of plasma albumin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) with 5-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 and older. Method: Data was collected in 8 longevity areas of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) study conducted by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Peking University at baseline survey in 2012 and 2014, the participants enrolled in 2012 was followed-up in 2014 and 2017, the participants enrolled in 2014 was followed-up in 2017 only. Finally, 3 118 older adults aged 65 and older with complete information on albumin, Hs-CRP and body mass index (BMI) were included in this study. Plasma samples of older adults were collected for the detection of albumin and Hs-CRP at baseline survey. Survival status and follow-up time was recorded for all participants. All older adults were divided into 4 groups according to the levels of plasma albumin and Hs-CRP, and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess their influence on the risk of all-cause mortality. Results: Among 3 118 older adults included, the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was 10.1% (316/3 118), and was 22.8% (711/3 118) for elevated Hs-CRP. During 10 132 person-years of follow-up, 1 212 participants died. Participants with hypoalbuminemia had increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) of 1.18 (1.01-1.38), compared to participants with normal plasma albuminemia; participants with elevated Hs-CRP had increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an HR (95%CI) of 1.18 (1.04-1.35), compared to participants with normal plasma Hs-CRP. Participants with normal plasma albumin and elevated Hs-CRP, with hypoalbuminemia and normal Hs-CRP, with hypoalbuminemia and elevated Hs-CRP also had increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to those with normal plasma albumin and normal Hs-CRP, the HR (95%CI) were 1.16 (1.01-1.34), 1.11 (0.91-1.37) and 1.43 (1.11-1.83), respectively. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia and elevated Hs-CRP were responsible for increased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults from 8 longevity areas.

[A cohort study on the association between dietary patterns which benefit for normal kidney function and the cognitive performance in the Chinese elderly].

Objective: To explore the association between dietary pattern which benefit for normal kidney function and the risk of cognitive decline or impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, subjects aged 60 and over from four counties in the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort project, were followed up in 2017. Cognitive function was repeatedly assessed, using the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function was extracted, using the reduced rank regression method and followed by logistic regression models to explore the associations between scores that showing the kidney function on dietary patterns and the risk of cognitive deterioration and impairment in two years among those who were with normal cognition in 2015. Results: Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function, was characterized by high consumption of cereal, vegetables, legume and fruits but with less meat and soy products. Comparing with the group with lowest score quartile on this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive deterioration in the highest quartile group was significantly low (P<0.01) in two years, with an odds ratio as 0.57 (95%CI: 0.37-0.85). Linear trend was also obviously visible (P=0.007) in this group. The ones at the highest quartile group among the normal cognition ones in 2015, the risk of cognitive impairment also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in two years time, with an odds ratio as 0.52 (95%CI: 0.29-0.93). Also, linear trend could obviously be seen (P=0.01). Conclusion: Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function was both inversely associated with cognitive deterioration and impairment, in two years.

[Body mass index and related attribution to all-cause mortality in adults of Family Cohort of Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in Shanxi province].

Objective: To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in adults of Shanxi, China. Methods: Baseline data were from the '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' in Shanxi province. All the death-related investigation and follow-up visits were carried out from December 2015 to March 2016. The follow-up program covered 5 360 people from all the 7 007 participants aged 18 years and over that having complete core information, with a rate as 76.5%. Participants of this study were divided into eight groups, according to the appearance of BMI. Taking the group with the lowest mortality density as the reference group, Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of deaths by the whole population, gender and age groups (≥60 years, <60 years). Results were then adjusted by age, gender, smoking, alcohol use and education level from the baseline survey. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results: Results from the study showed that among the total number of 67 129 person- years from the average period of 12.5 years, there were 615 deaths occurred, with the mortality density as 916 per 100 000 person-years. Taking the BMI range of 26.0-27.9 kg/m(2) as the reference, the aHRs of death increased to 1.90 (95%CI: 1.26-2.86), 1.68 (95%CI: 1.15-2.45), 1.49 (95%CI: 1.08-2.06) and 1.72 (95%CI: 1.07-2.76) after the multivariate adjustment, in these four groups (BMI<18.5, 18.5-19.9, 22.0-23.9 and ≥30.0 kg/m(2)), respectively. Low body weight (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)) was associated with higher risks of death in the elderly of ≥60 years, with the aHR of death as 1.94 (95%CI: 1.20-3.15). Conclusions: When BMI appeared as ≤19.9 kg/m(2), 22.0-23.9 kg/m(2) and ≥30.0 kg/m(2), the risks of death would increase. In addition to programs that focusing on obesity, special attention should be paid to the high risk of mortality which was caused by low-weight and malnutrition in the elderly.

[Sublingual immunotherapy of Dermatophagoides farinae drops in nasal cavity local allergy].

Objective:To investigate treatment effect of Sublingual immunotherapy of Dermatophagoides farinae drops in nasal cavity local allergy.MethodSelecting 60 patients as observation group,who had only nasal local allergy symptoms,allergen skin prick test and serum allergen specific IgE test were negative, but nasal secretions allergen specific IgE test and nasal mucous membrane excitation test were positive.Sublingual immunotherapy of Dermatophagoides farinae drops for three years were given to them.To detect symptom scores and VAS scores,eosinophilia counts in nasal secretion,nasal secretions allergen specific IgE test,nasal mucous membrane excitation test before treatment,after two years treatment,and three years treatment,the data of pre-therapy and post-therapy was taken for statistical analysis.ResultThere was difference(P<0.05) in the symptom scores and VAS scores of patients in observation group before treatment and after two years treatment.There was difference(P<0.05) in the eosinophilia counts in nasal secretion of patients before treatment and after two years treatment. There was difference(P<0.05) in the nasal secretions allergen specific IgE test of patients before treatment and after two years treatment. There was difference(P<0.05) in the nasal mucous membrane excitation test of patients before treatment and after two years treatment.There was no difference(P>0.05) Symptom scores and VAS scores in the patients after two years treatment and after three years treatment.Conclusion：For patients with the typical medical history and symptoms of AR,but with allergen SPT and serum allergen SIgE test negative,there was local specific hypersensitivity in nasal mucosa,but there was not accompanied by systemic sensitization.Combined with nasal secretions allergen SIgE test or allergen nasal mucosa proocation tests positive,local allergic rhinitis can be diagnosed.Sublingual immunotherapy of Dermatophagoides farinae drops in nasal cavity local allergy was effective.

[Olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with mild cognitive impairment].

Objective: To analyze the activation of brain regions associated with olfactory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Twenty six patients with MCI were compared with twenty six controls in the dementia center of Tianjin HuanHu hospital in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, the differences between the activation of the whole brain and region of interest associated with olfactory (bilateral primary olfactory cortex(POC), bilateral hippocampus, bilateral orbital frontal gyrus) by olfactory stimulator using event correlation design for olfactory fMRI scanning. To analyze the correlation between the number of activator in POC and the threshold of olfactory discriminate as well as the severity of cognitive impairment.SPSS 19.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: T&T olfactory testing revealed that MCI patients had higher scores than controls (3.57±1.29 (x±s) vs 1.02±0.35, t=4.372, P<0.05). The activation range of whole brain in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 147.36±21.45 vs 323.11±39.76, unpleasant odor (upo) 201.86±24.93 vs 447.73±57.22, t(po)=4.241, t(upo)=5.365, both P<0.05). The activation range of whole brain in inhaling unpleasant odor was more than pleasant odor in controls (447.73±57.22 vs 323.11±39.76, t=3.936, P<0.05). The number of activator in ROI(awo) in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 51.0[8.0, 109.0](M[P(25), P(75)]) vs 135.0[21.0, 321.5], unpleasant odor (upo) 65.0[6.0, 158.0]vs 205.0[36.5, 491.0], Z(po)=-2.199, Z(upo)=-2.216, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 19.0[4.0, 35.5]vs 46.0[9.0, 118.5], unpleasant odor (upo) 26.0[2.0, 51.0]vs 79.0[17.5, 189.0], Z(po)=-1.898, Z(upo)=-2.167, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC was negatively correlated with olfactory discriminate threshold in MCI patients (r(po)=-0.415, r(upo)=-0.409, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC was positively correlated with MoCA in MCI patients (r(po)=0.289, r(upo)=0.296, both P<0.05). Conclusion: Olfactory fMRI can objectively assess the olfactory function in MCI, it is a imaging indicator with neuropsychological tests for detection in MCI, the number of activator in POC can reflect the severity of MCI.

[Association between blood pressure related dietary patterns and identified cognitive performance in the elderly Chinese-a study by reduced rank regression method].

Objective: To study the association between blood pressure related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, all participants who were aged ≥60 and participated in the Nutrition and Chronic disease family cohort were involved in the study. Information on demographic variables, lifestyle and health status was collected. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured by trained medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected for testing on serum level of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Both SBP and DBP were used as response variables when dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of scores on blood pressure-related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment. Results: Two blood related dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by high consumption of vegetables and less meat, eggs and dessert (Pattern 1), while the second one was with high consumption of meat, soy products, wine and fried foods and less intake of dairy (Pattern 2). Data showed that the Pattern 1 was associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Comparing with the lowest quartile of score of this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive impairment in the highest quartile group showed a significant (P<0.01) increase, with OR=1.94 (1.21-3.11) and showing significant (P=0.002) linear trend. However, no significant association was observed (P>0.05) with cognitive impairment in the second dietary pattern. Conclusion: Blood pressure-related dietary pattern was positively associated with cognitive impairment.

[Study on handgrip strength of elderly ≥60 years old from longevity areas in China].

Objective: To assess the status of handgrip strength of elderly population from longevity areas in China, and to analyze the correlative factors of handgrip strength of elderly people. Methods: Data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2012 was used, from which1 967 participants aged ≥60 years old with valid data of grip strength value from 8 Chinese longevity areas were included. Information on demographics characteristic, life style and health status was collected using questionnaires. The handgrip strength of both left and right hands were measured by grip dynamometer. The different characteristics of group of participants with different grip strength were compared and then analyzed by adopting the Cumulative odds Logistic regression model to identify main factors associated with hand grip strength. Results: The P(50) (P(25)-P(50)) of hand grip strength of elderly people from the eight longevity areas was 20 (11-28) kg; The hand grip strength of males was 26 (18-34) kg, which was higher than that of females(14 (9-20) kg) (P<0.001). Cumulative odds Logistic regression model showed that the hand grip strength of females was lower than males, whose ß value (95%CI) was-1.22 (-1.43--1.00). The elderly who was at a higher age, smoking, drinking or with anemia, had a comparatively lower handgrip strength, whose ß (95%CI) value were separately-0.08(-0.09~-0.07),-0.29(-0.56~-0.02),-0.54(-0.80~-0.28), and-0.41(-0.62~-0.20). And the elderly who had a higher boby mass index, drinking tea and outdoor activities, had a comparatively higher handgrip strength, whose ß(95%CI) value were separately 0.28 (0.15-0.40), 0.25(0.03-0.47) and 0.51(0.30-0.71). Conclusion: Age and gender were the main correlative factors, lifestyles and physical conditions might also be correlative factors of hand grip strength of the elderly from longevity areas in China.

[Follow-up study of body mass index and risk of cognitive impairment among elderly adults aged ≥65 years old from longevity areas of China].

Objective: To discuss the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment among elderly adults aged ≥65 years old from longevity areas of China. Methods: A total of 2 439 elderly adults from 8 longevity areas were included in our baseline survey by answering questionnaire and taking body measurements and blood biochemical examinations in 2012. In the follow-up study in 2014, we studied the cognitive impairment status among the 1 135 elderly adults aging ≥65 years old. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and cognitive impairment risk. Results: 113 participants were defined as cognitive impairment, with a positive rate at 10.0%. The positive rate in group of underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese elderly were 22.2% (51/230), 7.5% (47/629), 5.4% (15/276). The rate of cognitive impairment in groups of low BMI (<19.7 kg/m(2)), middle BMI (19.7-23.1 kg/m(2)) and high BMI (>23.1 kg/m(2)) were separately 17.7% (66/372), 7.1% (27/379) and 5.2% (20/384) (P<0.001). Every 1.0 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, the risk of cognitive impairment would significantly decreased by 7% (RR(95%CI): 0.93(0.87-0.99)). Compared with participants with middle BMI level, the group of low BMI participants was associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR (95% CI): 1.98(1.14-3.44)); while there was no significant association was observed in the high BMI group (RR(95%CI): 1.15(0.57-2.32)). Compared with elderly in normal weight, the elderly with under weight was in higher risk of cognitive impairment (RR (95%CI: 2.19(1.31-3.66)) and there was no significant association found between the elderly with overweight (RR(95%CI): 1.18(0.58-2.38)). Conclusion: Among the elderly ≥65 years old from longevity area, low BMI level and underweight were associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment.

[Association between biomarkers and activities of daily living in the elderly ≥65 years old from longevity areas in China].

Objective: To explore the association between biomarkers and activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly over 65 years old from longevity areas in China. Methods: A total of 2 439 people from 8 longevity areas were included in our baseline survey in 2012. Using questionnaires, body measurements, and blood biochemical examinations, information on demographics characteristic, life style, ADL, blood pressure and biomarkers were collected. Based on these six items of ADL (bathing, dressing, indoor activities, toileting, eating, bowel and bladder control), we constructed a dichotomous indicator for ADL. A respondent was defined as ADL disabled if any difficulty in one or more of the above six activities was reported. Information were collected in the follow-up in 2014 using the same questionnaires and examinations. We excluded information on the elderly who lacked ADL or biomarkers test results or with ADL disability at baseline study. Finally 938 elderly people over 65 years old were included in this analysis. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors of ADL disability. Results: During the 2-year follow-up, 100 (10.7%) participants developed into ADL disability, with a rate at 10.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that each year increase in age or each 1 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) would cause the risk of ADL disability to increase 9% or 1%, whose OR (95%CI) were separately 1.09 (1.06-1.12), 1.01 (1.00-1.02). Han nationality or cognitive impairment increased the risk of ADL disability, whose OR (95%CI) values were separately 4.90 (1.13-21.24), 2.47 (1.44-4.25), while increased lymphocyte count (>1.60×10(9)/L), being married, or participating in recreational activities decreased the risk of ADL disability, whose OR (95%CI) values were separately 0.51 (0.31-0.82), 0.52 (0.28-0.96), 0.43 (0.23-0.80). Conclusion: In the elderly elevated lymphocyte count was associated with lower risk of ADL disability. In addition, incresed age, increased SBP, unmarried, Han nationality or cognitive impairment were associated with the increasing risk of ADL disability in older people, while participating in recreational activities would reduce the risk.

[Relationship between the successful aging and survival status among the elderly from longevity areas in China].

Objective: To explore the relationship between successful aging (SA) index and the survival status among elderly from longevity areas of China. Methods: A total of 2 296 old people aged ≥65 years old from 8 longevity areas were enrolled in our baseline survey in 2012. The information of demographics characteristic, life style, self-assessed health and mood or emotional state, cognitive function, abilities of daily living and physical activity were collected by questionnaire. There were 891 SA people in total, whose SA score was 4-5. 891 SA and 1 396 non-SA participated in the follow-up study in 2014. Finally, 860 SA and non-SA people were matched by orientation analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the relationship between successful aging index and survival status. Results: After 2 years of follow-up, a total of 1 442 elderly survived, with an average baseline age at (83.69±10.81) years old and 278 elderly people died, with an average baseline age at (93.41±9.05) years old. The mortality rate was 16.16% (278/1 720) in total, and it was 13.14% (113/860) in SA group, which was lower than it in non-SA group (19.19%, 165/860), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The analysis of the multivariate Cox regression showed that SA was the protective factor of the survival of the elderly after age and sex adjusted. Compared to the non-SA group, the risk of mortality rate in SA group decreased by 38%, the HR (95% CI) was 0.62 (0.49-0.79). Conclusion: The mortality rate in the SA group was low in the longevity areas in China; compared with non-SA group, the death rate in SA group reduced by 38%.

[A perspective cohort study on influence factors of survival outcome among the elderly aged ≥80 years old from longevity areas in China].

Objective: To investigate the influence factors of survival outcome among elderly aged ≥80 years old. Methods: In baseline survey in 2009, 930 participants aged ≥80 years old were enrolled from 7 longevity areas, to collect the information of socioeconomic factors, life style, cognitive function, activities of daily living and diseases, as well as physical examination to test biomarkers of blood and urine. The survival status was followed up at 2012 and 2014 survey. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen influence factors of 5-year survival. Results: During 5 years of follow-up, 571 participants died, 133 participants were lost to follow up, and the all-cause mortality was 63.4%. In stepwise Cox proportional hazards models, male, unmarried, self-reported poor life quality, disability in daily life, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases were risk factors for elderly survival outcome, with the HR (95%CI) at 1.75 (1.40-2.12), 1.49 (1.10-2.03), 1.40 (1.16-1.69), 1.37 (1.11-1.70), 1.51 (1.22-1.88), 1.62 (1.18-2.23) and 1.48 (1.23-1.77) respectively. Each 1 year increase in age corresponded to 4% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=1.04 (1.02-1.05)); each 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI corresponded to 5% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=0.95 (0.93-0.98)); each 1.0×10(9)/L increase in total lymphocyte count (TLC) corresponded to 13% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=0.87 (0.76-0.99)). Additionally, the mortality risk decreased 19% (HR (95%CI)=0.81 (0.66-0.98)) in participants with regularly physical exercise compared to those without; and the mortality risk decreased 41% (HR (95% CI)=0.59 (0.40-0.88)) in participants with elevated triglycerides (TG, ≥2.26 mmol/L) compared to those without. Conclusion: In Chinese longevity areas, some nutritional and immune indices such as relatively higher level of BMI, TLC and TG were independent protective factors for 5-year survival outcome, which was different from general adults and younger elderly.

[Clinical symptoms and immunology inspection characteristics of nasal cavity local allergy].

Objective:To investigate the clinical symptoms and immunology inspection characteristics of nasal cavity local allergy. Method:Selected 60 patients as observation group, who had only nasal local allergy symptoms, allergen skin prick test and serum allergen specific IgE (SIgE) test were negative, 40 allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and 40 healthy volunteers as control groups. To detect Symptom scores and VAS scores, and eosinophilia counts in venous blood, allergen skin prick test (SPT), serum allergen SIgE test, nasal secretions allergen SIgE test, nasal mucous membrane excitation test in both observation group and AR group, eosinophilia counts in nasal secretion, taked the data for statistical analysis.Result:There was no difference (P> 0.05) in the symptom scores and VAS scores of observation group and the AR group. The eosinophilia counts in venous blood in the AR group were higher than in the observation group (P< 0.05). The eosinophilia counts in venous blood in the observation group were higher than in the healthy volunteers group (P< 0.05). The positive rate of nasal secretions dust mites and pollen allergen was 90% (54/60) in observation group. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the eosinophilia percentages in nasal secretion in the observation group and the AR group. There was significant difference (P< 0.05) in the eosinophilia percentages in nasal secretion in the observation group and the healthy volunteers group. There were 6 patients in observation group whose nasal secretions allergen SIgE test and nasal mucous membrane excitation test were both negative, could be diagnosised as non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). According to eosinophilia counts in venous blood and nasal secretions, 4 patients were diagnosised as vasomotor rhinitis and 2 patients were diagnosised as NAR with eosinophilia syndrome. There were 54 patients in observation group whose nasal secretions allergen SIgE test and (or) nasal mucous membrane excitation test were positive, could be diagnosised as local allergic rhinitis. After three years, all of the observation group patients were detected with SPT and serum allergen SIgE test. Five patients diagnosed as local allergic rhinitis before three years were positive. Six patients diagnosed as NAR before three years were negative.Conclusion:For patients with the typical medical history and symptoms of AR, but allergen SPT and serum allergen SIgE test were negative, there was local specific hypersensitivity in nasal mucosa, but the reaction was not accompanied by systemic sensitization. Combined with nasal secretions allergen SIgE test or allergen nasal mucosa proocation tests positive, could be diagnosed as local allergic rhinitis.

[The fMRI research of vestibular migraine neural pathways].

Objective:To investigate the abnormal functional response of neural pathways of vestibular migraine (VM) patients, located the functional area, and inferred the possible mechanism. Method:Twenty patients of VM, 20 of migraine without aura (MwoA), and 20 of healthy controls (HC), underwent whole-brain blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI during ear irrigation with cold water. We chose the stimulation image and the diapause stimulation image. Analyses explored functional area with BOLD signal change of the three groups. Result:We observed task-positive BOLD signal change in cortical and subcortical pattern in response to ear irrigation of all participants. Such as parietal lobe, temporal lobe, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, optic radiation, precuneus. VM patients showed a significantly task-negative in thalamic and fusiform gyrus in comparison with the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:fMRI could response the respective functional area objectively. We inferred the possible mechanism of VM was abnormal activation of thalamus and fusiform gyrus, produced crossing between the vestibular sensory pathway conduction and the pain conduction.