Genetic association of CHEK2, GSTP1, and ERCC1 with glioblastoma in the Han Chinese population.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a deadly brain tumor, is the most malignant glioma. It mainly occurs in adults and occurs significantly more in males than in females. We genotyped 19 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) from 13 genes in a case-control study of the Han Chinese population to identify genetic factors contributing to the risk of GBM. These tSNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY RS1000. Statistical analysis was performed using χ(2) test and SNPStats, a website software. Using χ(2) test, we found that the distribution of two tSNPs (rs2267130 in checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), p = 0.040; rs1695 in GSTP1, p = 0.023) allelic frequencies had significant difference between cases and controls. When we analyzed all of the tSNPs using the SNPStats software, we found that rs1695 in GSTP1 decreased the risk of GBM in log-additive model (OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.34-0.94, p = 0.022). Besides, we found that there is an interaction between rs3212986 in excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) and gender under codominant and recessive models. The gene polymorphisms in CHEK2, GSTP1, and ERCC1 may be involved in GBM in the Han Chinese population. Since our sample size is small, further investigation needs to be performed.

Protective effect of quercetin against oxidative stress and brain edema in an experimental rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Quercetin has been demonstrated to play an important role in altering the progression of ischemic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases by protecting against oxidative stress. The effects of quercetin on brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), however, have not been investigated. This study was designed to explore the effects of quercetin on oxidative stress and brain edema after experimental SAH using four equal groups (n = 16) of adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, including a sham group, an SAH + vehicle group, an SAH + quercetin10 group, and an SAH + quercetin50 group. The rat SAH model was induced by injection of 0.3 ml of non-heparinised arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. In the SAH + quercetin10 and SAH + quercetin50 groups, doses of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg quercetin, respectively, were directly administered by intraperitoneal injection at 30 min, 12 h, and 24 h after SAH induction. Cerebral tissue samples were extracted for enzymatic antioxidant determination, lipid peroxidation assay, caspase-3 activity and water content testing 48 h after SAH. Treatment with a high dose (50 mg/kg) of quercetin markedly enhanced the activities of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and treatment with this dose significantly reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Caspase-3 and brain edema was ameliorated and neurobehavioral deficits improved in rats that received the high dose of quercetin. The findings suggest that the early administration of optimal dose of quercetin may ameliorate brain damage and provide neuroprotection in the SAH model, potentially by enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting free radical generation.

[Stereotactic multi-target operation for patients with affective disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and complication of bilateral multi-target radiofrequency lesion operation in patients with affective disorder. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two cases with affective disorder were treated with unstaged bilateral multi-target radiofrequency thermocoagulation. The efficacy was evaluated with the method established in 1990 by the National Psychosurgery Cooperative Group. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of operation, 86 cases with remarkable improvements, 81 cases with improvements, 15 case with no improvements, no case with progression, total efficient ratio was 91.76%. With 6-54 months of follow-up to all of 166 cases, 38 cases with recovery, 59 cases with remarkable improvements, 52 cases with improvements, 17 cases with no improvements, no case with progression, total efficient ratio was 89.76%. Except for early temporal complication of stereotaxic operation, the long-term complication ratio was less than 1%. CONCLUSION: CT-guided bilateral multi-target operation is prominent in treatment of affective disorder with high efficacy and safety.