Unfractionated heparin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in human endothelial cells through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway / 中华危重病急救医学

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in this process.Methods Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were cultured in vitro, and the cells between passages 3 and 5 were used in the experiments. ExperimentⅠ: the cells were divided into four groups as follows: control group, LPS stimulation group (LPS 10μg/mL), LPS+ 0.1 U/mL UFH group, and LPS+ 1 U/mL UFH group. HPMECs in UFH groups were treated with 0.1 U/mL or 1 U/mL UFH 15 minutes before LPS stimulation, and HPMECs in control group were treated with an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) instead. The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and G-CSF in cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 24 hours after LPS challenge to detect the effect of UFH on HPMECs. ExperimentⅡ: HPMECs were treated with 5μg/mL of rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS (LPS-RS, antagonist for TLR4) 4 hours before the addition of PBS or LPS. The concentrations of IL-6 and G-CSF in cell culture supernatants were determined 24 hours after LPS stimulation to detect the effect of TLR4 on LPS-induced HPMEC injury. ExperimentⅢ: HPMECs were divided into four groups as before: control group, LPS stimulation group, LPS+ 0.1 U/mL UFH group, LPS+ 1 U/mL UFH group. Treatments to cells were the same as experimentⅠ. The protein expression of TLR4 in HPMECs was determined by Western Blot 1 hour after LPS stimulation to detect the effect of UFH on TLR4.Results① Compared with control group, the levels of IL-6 and G-CSF in LPS stimulation group were increased [IL-6 (ng/L): 655.9±58.3 vs. 75.5±18.2, G-CSF (ng/L): 388.7±36.2 vs. 35.3±12.6, both P 0.05].③ Compared with control group, the protein expression of TLR4 (grey value) in LPS stimulation group was significantly upregulated after 1 hour (0.87±0.23 vs. 0.36±0.12,P< 0.05). UFH with 0.1 U/mL and 1 U/mL lowered TLR-4 protein expression induced by LPS (0.68±0.18, 0.62±0.26 vs. 0.87±0.23, bothP< 0.05).ConclusionsThe expressions of IL-6 and G-CSF were increased obviously in LPS treated HPMECs. UFH might take its therapeutic effect through TLR4-dependent pathway.

Study on HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of anti-tumor active site SSCE of Caulis spatholobi / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the chromatographic fingerprints for the anti-tumor flavonoids of Caulis spatholobi (SSCE). It could used to reflect the chemical information in this part comprehensively, and identify the chemical consitituents preliminarily.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC-DAD analysis method was performed on the column Kromasil 100-5PHENYL (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was water (0.5% acetic acid)- methanol in gradient elution and the detection wavelength was 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chromatographic fingerprint of SSCE was established, which showed 16 characteristic peaks from 10 batches of medicinal materials. Among them, the peaks 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 16 were identified 3,4-dihodroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, epicatechin, puerarin, daidzein, liquiritigenin, calycosin, genistein, formononetin, and prunetin, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is convenient, reproducibility and stability. It can used for quality control of the anti-tumor flavonoids of C. spatholobi (SSCE).</p>

Expression and Significance of Plasmic Inflammatory Factor during Perioperative and Follow-up Periods after Endovascular Stents in Patients with Cerebral Arterial Stenosis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe expression and significance of inflammatory factor during perioperative and follow-up periods after endovascular stents in patients with cerebral arterial stenosis.Methods 54 patients diagnosed as cerebral arterial stenosis by digital substraction angiography (DSA) were selected as the stent group and treated with endovascular stents; another 32 subjects had the same disease but not accepted stenting were considered as the control group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) contents were measured at different time points during perioperative and follow-up periods in the two groups. Stage A represented as day one before angiography or catheterization; stage B as 6 hours postoperatively (stent group) or 6 hours after diagnostic angiography (control group); stages C～I as 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 1 and 6 months after stent insertion (stent group) or the same time points after angiography (control group).Results Contents of IL-6 and hs-CRP of the stent group were similar as the control group in the stage A ( P>0.05), but significantly higher than that of the control group during stages B～I ( P<0.01～0.05). Among 54 patients of the stent group, 21 cases had restenosis 6 months postoperatively (38.89%). Contents of IL-6 and hs-CRP of the patients were similar as those without restenosis in stages A～F postoperatively ( P>0.05), but significantly higher than that of the cases without restenosis in stages G and I postoperatively ( P<0.01～0.05).Conclusion Endovascular stents can increase the contents of IL-6 and hs-CRP of patients with cerebral arterial stenosis; in addition, high expression of them is the risk factor of post-stent restenosis during follow-up period.

Analysis of factors related to long bone fracture and hip-knee joint replacement accompanied with fat embolism syndrome / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Fat embolism syndrome is a commonly seen severe complication in the field of opthopaedics in clinic. It frequently occurs after long bone fracture and hip-knee joint replacement. However, its etiological factors and pathogenesis are not identified.OBJECTIVE: To sum up the onset influencing factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic methods of long bone fracture and hip-knee joint replacement accompanied with fat embolism syndrome.RETRIEVE STRATEGY: Using the terms "fat embolism syndrome, pathogenesis, treatment, prevention, diagnosis", we retrieved PubMed database to identify studies published in the English language. Fifty-five literatures were searched.Meanwhile, we searched the medical information network of Shanghai Jiao Tong University with the same terms in the Chinese language. Inclusive criteria: studies, which can reflect the diagnosis and treatment as well as pathogenesis of fat embolism syndrome. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: The involved 38 literatures are all about the diagnosis and treatment as well as pathogenesis of fat embolism syndrome, among which, 6 were review and the others were clinical or basic studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① The influencing factors of fat embolism syndrome included trauma factor, operation factor and other factors. ② The pathogenesis of fat embolism syndrome involved mechanical obstruction theory, biochemical theory,condensation theory and inflammatory reaction theory. ③ The treatments of fat embolism syndrome include respiration supporting, glucocorticoid application, protecting brain function, drug treatment, heat shock treatment and so on.CONCLUSION: Study on bone fracture and joint replacement accompanied with fat embolism syndrome can provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome.