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BackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood. MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third Peoples Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings. ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0. ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.
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Objective:To establish a new bile duct injury and repair model in mice by generating bile duct distal stricture and proximal dilatation.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, bile duct stricture (BDS) group and bile duct ligation (BDL) group. The dilated bile duct of BDS mice was injured and then repaired 14 days after the modeling operation. Biochemical markers were detected and histopathological changes were analyzed.Results:14 days after the establishment of the model, the body mass in BDL group was significantly lower than that of the sham group ( P<0.05), while the body mass in BDS group was similar to sham group. Compared with the sham group, the bile duct and gallbladder of the BDS group and BDL group were both prominently dilated, but the sum of the diameters of bile duct and gallbladder in BDS group was significantly smaller than that in the BDL group ( P<0.05). Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging confirmed that biliary tract of BDS group could still drain bile. Serum ALT, AST and TBil levels in the BDS group were slightly higher than those in the sham group (all P<0.05), but significantly lower than those in the BDL group ( P<0.05). Bile ducts of BDS mice were injured by notching and repaired with bile duct path. 30 days after the repairing, HE staining showed that the bile duct epithelium around the patch was arranged in orderliness. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive staining of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and CK19 in those groups. Conclusion:This model of bile duct injury and repair in mice can provide a new model for the study of the mechanism of bile duct injury and repair and the evaluation of tissue engineering bile duct.
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Liver transplantation is one of the main treatments for acute and chronic liver failure currently.In recent years,with the lack of donor liver transplantation and the in creasing number of patients,the major donator of liver transplant is brain dead patients.In brain-dead state,organ functions de cline gradually.Changes in hemodynamics and immunity could lead to inflammation and alter hormone release.Organ survival and patients'prognosis can be unpredictable.The study of the above phenomenal mechanisms is still at an early stage.This article summarized the current liver transplant treatments by explai ning the pathophysiology of donor organ damage and reviewing the prognosis.The aim of this article was to provide a perspective for future study on this topic.
