RESUMO
Two chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) gene polymorphisms, V249I and T280M, and 10 CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promoter haplotypes, P1-P10, have recently been reported to influence the progression of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As these studies were performed mainly with Caucasian and African-American subjects, we determined the distribution of these alleles in Chinese people for the purpose of predicting possible clinical responses to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) epidemics in countries with significant Chinese populations, as well as to establish their effects on the expression of surface CCR5. Ninety-six HIV-negative Chinese individuals in Taiwan were subjected to genotyping, and we thus determined that the allelic frequencies of CX3CR1V249I and T280M changes were 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively, which were lower than found in Caucasians (25.5% and 14.0%, respectively). Unlike the previous reports, we only detected CCR5P1 and P4 haplotypes in Taiwanese people, and the P1/P1, P1/P4 and P4/P4 genotype frequencies were 21.0%, 41.1% and 37.9%, respectively. The sequencing data confirmed the results of previous studies, showing that CCR5P1 exhibited a complete linkage disequilibrium with a polymorphic allele 59029A present in the CCR5 promoter. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that, in the absence of the CCR2-64I mutation, individuals carrying CCR5P1 tended to express more surface CCR5 on monocytes and CD4+ cells. Therefore, this study not only reports the frequencies for the CX3CR1 and CCR5 promoter haplotypes in a Chinese population living in Taiwan, but also identifies a statistical link between the P1/P1 haplotype and the elevated CCR5 expression levels in the study group.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Receptor 1 de Quimiocina CX3C , China , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
Location of the bladder neck and its dynamic motion are believed to be influenced by body position. This study was designed to evaluate factors affecting bladder neck mobility in both supine and standing positions. The parameters of 75 GSI patients and 49 controls were compared by Student's t-test. Receiver operating characteristic curves and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the effects of potential contributing factors on bladder neck mobility. We were unable to find any significant correlation between bladder neck hypermobility and GSI. We also failed to demonstrate that bladder neck hypermobility in the supine or standing position relative to previous believed risk factors, including parity, vaginal delivery, menopause, cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse or body mass index. In order to elucidate the pathophysiology of bladder neck mobility clearly, changes in intraabdominal pressure and gravitational direction in different positions should be evaluated carefully and scientifically in further studies.
