Estimating minimal clinically important differences for two scales in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) to evaluate interventions in patients with motor deficits in the chronic phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: MCIDs were established with a structured expert consultation process, the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi method. This process consisted of a literature review and input from a 10-person, multidisciplinary expert panel. The experts were asked to rate meaningfulness of improvements in hypothetical patients and numeric changes via two rounds of ratings and an in-person meeting. RESULTS: The estimated MCIDs were six and five points on the FMMS Upper and Lower Extremity Scale, respectively, and one point on the DRS. The experts argued against establishing an MCID for the combined FMMS because the same change was more likely to be meaningful if concentrated in one extremity and because a meaningful improvement in one extremity implies meaningfulness irrespective of the changes in the other. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to establish MCIDs for the FMMS and the DRS in the chronic phase after TBI. The results may be helpful for the design and interpretation of clinical trials of interventions.

Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. What We Know and What We Need to Know: Findings from a National Working Group.

Disturbed sleep is one of the most common complaints following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and worsens morbidity and long-term sequelae. Further, sleep and TBI share neurophysiologic underpinnings with direct relevance to recovery from TBI. As such, disturbed sleep and clinical sleep disorders represent modifiable treatment targets to improve outcomes in TBI. This paper presents key findings from a national working group on sleep and TBI, with a specific focus on the testing and development of sleep-related therapeutic interventions for mild TBI (mTBI). First, mTBI and sleep physiology are briefly reviewed. Next, essential empirical and clinical questions and knowledge gaps are addressed. Finally, actionable recommendations are offered to guide active and efficient collaboration between academic, industry, and governmental stakeholders.