RESUMO
This study explores the sexual risk trajectories of female youths and sheds light on the long-term effects of running away. It evaluates whether running away increases the risk of sexual assault in the following year, which is after runaways return home. The sample consists of 5,387 heterosexual females between the ages of 11 and 18 years from the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Nearly one quarter (23%) of runaways report a previous sexual assault in contrast to 5% of nonrunaways. In a logistic regression model, childhood neglect increases the risk of sexual assault between Waves 1 and 2 by nearly two times. Poor mental health is statistically significant. Alcohol use doubles the odds of sexual assault. The risk of sexual assault is approximately three-fold for girls with a history of sexual onset and sexual touching in a romantic relationship. Running away increases the risk by nearly two and a half times. There is evidence that alcohol use and sexual onset partially mediates the relationship between running away and sexual assault.
Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Interpessoais , Estupro/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento de Esquiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Criança , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estupro/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento de Esquiva/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
The present study examined associations among dimensions of suicidality and psychopathology in a sample of 428 homeless adolescents (56.3% female). Confirmatory factor analysis results provided support for a three-factor model in which suicidality (measured with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts), internalizing disorders (assessed with lifetime diagnoses of major depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder), and externalizing disorders (indicated by lifetime diagnoses of conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse) were positively intercorrelated. The findings illustrate the utility of a dimensional approach that integrates suicidality and psychopathology into one model.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Jovens em Situação de Rua/psicologia , Controle Interno-Externo , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Jovens em Situação de Rua/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos , Modelos Estatísticos , Psicopatologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
PROBLEM: Various demographic and familial risk factors have been linked to runaway behavior. To date, there has not been a systematic investigation of the impact of size of community on runaway behavior. This study will compare runaways from smaller cities and rural areas to their urban counterparts. METHODS: A convenience sample of 602 adolescents was interviewed between 1995 and August of 1996 in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas, USA. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between gender, neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, geographic and family structure change, and community size of first runaway to predict age at first runaway, deviant subsistence strategies, and street victimization. RESULTS: Findings indicate that adolescents exposed to neglect (beta=-.20) and sexual abuse (beta=-.16) ran away sooner and were more likely to be victimized on the street. Rural adolescents who experienced higher levels of physical abuse relied more heavily on deviant subsistence strategies (beta=.15) and remained in abusive homes longer (beta=.15) than their similarly situated urban counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Rural youth who have been subjected to elevated levels of familial abuse are at greater risk of deviant subsistence strategies, which increase the likelihood of street victimization.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Delinquência Juvenil , Comportamento de Esquiva , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Meio-Oeste dos Estados UnidosRESUMO
This study examined correlates of suicidal ideation among 212 American Indian youth who lived on or near three reservations in the upper Midwestern United States. The youths were, on average, 12 years old, and 9.5% reported current thoughts about killing themselves. Females were over 2 times more likely than males to think about suicide. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that gender, enculturation, negative life events, perceived discrimination, self-esteem, and drug use were related to the likelihood of thinking about suicide. Drug use was the strongest correlate of suicidal ideation, and both enculturation and perceived discrimination emerged as important culturally specific variables. It was suggested that suicide prevention programs should draw on the strengths of American Indian culture.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Fantasia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia , United States Indian Health Service/organização & administração , Adolescente , Criança , Características Culturais , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Prevenção do SuicídioRESUMO
This study used a sample of 501 families from the Mississippi Delta region to examine the feasibility of the Family Stress Model for understanding adolescent suicidal ideation. The results indicated that family economic pressure was related to parental depressive symptoms, which, in turn, was related to parental hostile behavior and physical abuse. These parental behaviors were related to adolescent self-esteem and depressive symptoms, which, in turn, were related to adolescent suicidal ideation. Therefore, family economic pressure and parental depressive symptoms and behaviors were indirectly related to adolescent suicidal ideation. The results indicate the applicability of the Family Stress Model for understanding adolescent suicidal ideation.
Assuntos
Relações Familiares , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico , Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Arkansas , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Louisiana , Masculino , MississippiRESUMO
This study examines the clinical characteristics of youths who lived away from families at the time of admission to specialty mental health services, and investigates the association between type of nonfamily living situation and admission to residential versus outpatient programs. Of 3995 youths sampled from 1598 mental health programs in the United States, 14% lived away from their own families, either in foster care, group care settings, or correctional settings, or were emancipated. As a group, youths living away from families were more seriously emotionally disturbed and more likely to receive treatment in residential care programs. Youths who lived in foster care were more likely to be admitted to outpatient programs, while youths who lived in group care settings or correctional settings were more likely to be admitted to residential care programs, controlling on demographic and clinical characteristics. Targeting resources to enhance the availability and therapeutic capacity of foster care may facilitate community living, and decrease time spent in institutional settings.
Assuntos
Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção/estatística & dados numéricos , Jovens em Situação de Rua/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/classificação , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Características da Família , Feminino , Lares para Grupos/estatística & dados numéricos , Casas para Recuperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento Domiciliar/organização & administração , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Path analysis was used to investigate factors associated with self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among 569 homeless and runaway adolescents in four Midwestern states. Youth were interviewed by outreach workers directly on the streets, in shelters, and in drop-in centers. Results indicated that family abuse was positively related to substance use, affiliation with friends who sold sex, and time on own. Early family abuse indirectly increased the likelihood of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases through time on own, substance use, friends selling sex, and risky sexual behaviors. Finally, substance use and affiliation with friends who sold sex was positively associated with risky sexual behaviors, which in turn was related to self-reported sexually transmitted diseases. No significant gender interactions were found for this model.