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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pleomorphic adenoma, being the most common benign tumors of salivary gland, is morphologically characterized by a biphasic pattern containing the epithelial and mesenchymal components. The modified myoepithelial cells present are thought to play an important role in its histologic diversity by the formation of extracellular matrix. The aim of the present study was to observe, compare and correlate the histomorphological diversity of epithelial and stromal components along with different morphological cell types of modified myoepithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Histomorphological features were compared in twenty cases of pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands and twenty cases of minor salivary glands using hematoxylin and eosin stains. The features were analyzed by observing under the light microscope. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significance of plasmacytoid cells, and squamous metaplasia was extensive with formation of keratin cyst-like structure resembling cystic pleomorphic adenoma, in minor salivary gland tumors. CONCLUSION: Plasmacytoid cells, squamous cells and areas of hyalinization were observed predominantly in major salivary gland tumors compared to minor salivary glands. Keratin pearls were predominant in minor salivary gland tumors.
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Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon malignancy of childhood and adults that constitutes 6%-8% of all primary malignant tumors and the third-most common tumor after osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, frequently involves the mandible among jaw bones. This article presents a rare case of ES of maxilla in a 22-year-old male patient showing extensive lesion into skull base which was confirmed with computed tomography, dilemmatic histopathologic features in H and E which is not a frequent presentation. Histopathologic features showed monotonous round cells with hypo- and hyper-cellular areas, intralesional hemorrhage and necrosis with lesional cells positive for CD99. Although the prognosis is poor, early diagnosis and long-term follow-up can improve the survival. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry where lesional cells were positive for CD 99 and vimentin. ES of maxilla is a rare and aggressive tumor. Hence, early diagnosis, combined therapy, and long-term follow-up are suggested in such cases.
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INTRODUCTION: Dental diseases are universal in nature. Their presence and severity may vary from one individual to another and is also affected by multiple factors such as gender, knowledge, attitude and the affordability of dental/oral care. Gay, bisexual and transgender community is one among the socially disadvantaged community in our country. The present study was carried out in the city of Pune, India, to evaluate the prevalence of dentition status and the treatment needs among the men who have sex with men (MSMs) and transgenders (TGs) and its correlation with the oral health-related quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample size was 270. Convenience sampling was followed. The WHO oral health assessment for 1997 was used to record dentition status and treatment needs. Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was used to record the oral health-related quality of life. SPSS 22.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. All P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference seen across the various domains in the overall impact of the oral quality of life. There was a significant correlation between the decayed teeth, missing teeth and overall decayed, missing and filled teeth scores with respect to the seven domains. Problems arising due to past dental experience (dental caries), lost natural tooth structures replaced with restorative material and a cumulative impact significantly affected the outcome of the oral health-related quality of life of the participants. CONCLUSION: There was an alteration in quality of life of the MSMs and TGS with respect to dental caries. This calls for an intervention that is tailor-made to meet the needs of this group.
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Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death occurring in multicellular organisms in whom development, maintenance and sculpturing organs and tissues. Taken together, apoptotic processes are of widespread biological significance; being involved in e.g. development, differentiation, proliferation/homoeostasis, regulation and function of the immune system and in the removal of defected harmful cells. Dys regulation of apoptosis can play a primary or secondary role leading to cancer whereas excessive apoptosis contributes to neuro degeneration, autoimmunity, AIDS, and ischemia. Gaining insight into the techniques for detecting apoptotic cells will allow the development of more effective, higher specific and therefore better-tolerable therapeutic approaches. The goal of this review article is to provide a general overview of current knowledge, on the various technical approaches for detecting apoptotic cells.
