RESUMO
We recently reported that wearing unstable rocker shoes (Masai Barefoot Technology: MBT) may enhance recovery from marathon race-induced fatigue. However, this earlier study only utilized a questionnaire. In this study, we evaluated MBT utilizing objective physiological measures of recovery from marathon-induced muscle damages. Twenty-five university student novice runners were divided into two groups. After running a full marathon, one group wore MBT shoes (MBT group), and the control group (CON) wore ordinary shoes daily for 1 week following the race. We measured maximal isometric joint torque, muscle hardness (real time tissue elastography of the strain ratio) in the lower limb muscles before, immediately after, and 1, 3, and 8 days following the marathon. We calculated the magnitude of recovery by observing the difference in each value between the first measurement and the latter measurements. Results showed that isometric torques in knee flexion recovered at the first day after the race in the MBT group while it did not recover even at the eighth day in the CON group. Muscle hardness in the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis showed enhanced recovery in the MBT group in comparison with the CON group. Also for muscle hardness in the tibialis anterior and biceps femoris, the timing of recovery was delayed in the CON group. In conclusion, wearing MBT shoes enhanced recovery in lower leg and thigh muscles from muscle damage induced by marathon running.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/reabilitação , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Corrida/lesões , Sapatos , Feminino , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Fadiga Muscular , Tono Muscular , Torque , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the clinical manifestations of adult-onset Alexander disease (AOAD) in Japanese patients with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene mutations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twelve patients of AOAD with GFAP mutations detected in our centre were examined for neurological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. RESULTS: Major symptoms were pyramidal and bulbar signs. In addition, three patients presented abnormal behaviour and/or memory disturbance. Two of the three patients also had Parkinsonism and had been diagnosed with fronto-temporal dementia or progressive supranuclear palsy until GFAP mutations were detected. Abnormalities of the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord were observed on MRI in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting with pyramidal and/or bulbar signs with abnormalities of the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord on MRI should be considered for GFAP analysis as this is the typical presentation of AOAD. Abnormal behaviour and cognitive disorders including deterioration of memory were rare symptoms but could be an obstacle to diagnosing Alexander disease.
Assuntos
Doença de Alexander/genética , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/genética , Mutação/genética , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Doença de Alexander/diagnóstico , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico/métodos , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High levels of colonization by periodontopathic bacteria and a high prevalence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease have been reported in children with Down's syndrome. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are mediators of extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling, and are deeply involved in the course of periodontal disease. To clarify the relationship between Down's syndrome and periodontitis, we investigated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and detection of periodontopathic bacteria from subgingival plaque. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of GCF and plaque were isolated from central incisors. Levels of MMPs were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and periodontopathic bacteria were detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Levels of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in Down's syndrome patients were higher than those in healthy control subjects. In the Down's syndrome group, increases in these MMPs were observed in GCF from patients with an oral hygiene index score of < 2 and in GCF from sites that were negative for bleeding on probing. The detection rate of periodontopathic bacteria in Down's syndrome patients was higher than that in the control subjects. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in sites harbouring Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans were lower than in those without these microorganisms. CONCLUSION: These results suggest an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-8 in Down's syndrome patients, regardless of whether inflammation of periodontal tissue is present or not.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/enzimologia , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/enzimologia , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/análise , Metaloproteinase 8 da Matriz/análise , Adolescente , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter rectus/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Gengiva/enzimologia , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Hemorragia Gengival/enzimologia , Bolsa Gengival/classificação , Bolsa Gengival/enzimologia , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Higiene Oral , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/enzimologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/imunologia , Encefalite/diagnóstico , Encefalite/imunologia , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/imunologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/complicações , Encefalite/complicações , Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies dating to the 1870s have demonstrated that long-term nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to occlusal abnormalities, including open bite and posterior crossbite. However, little is known as to whether habits of shorter durations have lasting effects. METHODS: The authors collected longitudinal data on nonnutritive sucking among children through a series of questionnaires regularly completed by parents. Researchers examined the children at ages 4 to 5 years and obtained study models. The models were measured for dental arch parameters (including arch width, arch length and arch depth) and assessed for overjet, overbite and posterior crossbite. The authors compared the dental arch and occlusal conditions among groups of children with nonnutritive sucking habits of different durations. RESULTS: Children with nonnutritive sucking habits that continued to 48 months of age or beyond demonstrated many significant differences from children with habits of shorter durations: narrower maxillary arch widths, greater overjet and greater prevalence of open bite and posterior crossbite. In addition, compared with those who ceased their habit by 12 months of age, those with habits at 36 months of age had significantly greater mandibular canine arch widths, maxillary canine arch depths and overjet, while those with habits at 24 months and 36 months had significantly smaller palatal depths. Prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite and excessive overjet (> 4 millimeters) increased with duration of habits. CONCLUSIONS: While continuous nonnutritive sucking habits of 48 months or longer produced the greatest changes in dental arch and occlusal characteristics, children with shorter sucking durations also had detectable differences from those with minimal habit durations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It may be prudent to revisit suggestions that sucking habits continued to as late as 5 to 8 years of age are of little concern.
Assuntos
Má Oclusão/etiologia , Comportamento de Sucção , Dente Decíduo , Análise de Variância , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Arco Dental/anatomia & histologia , Sucção de Dedo/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactente , Cuidado do Lactente , Equipamentos para Lactente/efeitos adversos , Estudos Longitudinais , Má Oclusão/patologia , Mordida Aberta/etiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Surgical management of unerupted teeth depends upon a thorough understanding of anatomic, physiologic and pathologic factors. Attention has been given to problems of eruption in the maxillary anterior region. It is a region where a variety of anomalies occur. Since the maxillary anterior region influences appearance so greatly, early detection of difficulties and careful planning and treatment can be extremely beneficial to patients. The purpose of this case report is to present a case of maxillary permanent canine impaction in a horizontal displacement that developed after loss of the deciduous canine to chronic apical periodontitis, and incomplete root resorption of the deciduous canine.
Assuntos
Dente Canino/patologia , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Dente Impactado/patologia , Dente Impactado/terapia , Criança , Aparelhos de Tração Extrabucal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila , Granuloma Periapical/complicações , Reabsorção da Raiz/complicações , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/instrumentação , Dente Decíduo/fisiopatologia , Dente Impactado/etiologia , Dente Impactado/cirurgiaRESUMO
The occurrence of a fusion of three primary incisors is rare. A two-year-old Japanese girl was brought to the pediatric dental outpatient clinic, Tokyo Dental College, to receive a caries-prevention treatment. The fused tooth consisted of the maxillary primary central incisors and right maxillary lateral incisor. Primary left lateral incisor erupted normally and the other primary teeth were erupted. The radicular pulp chambers were fused into one for three fourths of the length from the apex, and only one root. The hair and skin of the patient appeared normal and no systemic abnormality or congenital disease was noted in the medical history of the patient and her family. The occurrence of a three-tooth fusion, and no supernumerary tooth was confirmed.
Assuntos
Dentes Fusionados/diagnóstico por imagem , Incisivo/anormalidades , Dente Decíduo/anormalidades , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Dente Decíduo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
This study was designed as a prospective clinical caries prevalence study starting with children at 1.5 years of age. The subjects were 374 children who were born between 1989 and 1991. All subjects visited a public health center in Kunitachi-city, Tokyo, at 1.5 years, 2 years, and 3 years of age. All the children and parents have followed preventive dental care guidance. Dental caries were always examined by one of the authors. The caries prevalences at 1.5 years, 2 years, and 3 years of age were 6.1%, 14.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. The mean dft at 3 years of age in children who developed caries before 2 years of age was significantly greater than that in children caries free at 2 years of age. The findings from the current study showed that children who develop caries before 2 years of age are at greater risk for dental caries.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Pré-Escolar , Índice CPO , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Tóquio/epidemiologia , Dente DecíduoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to observe the vertical changes in unopposed maxillary first primary molars longitudinally. The subjects of this study were 17 children whose lower first primary molars had to be extracted. Space closure were prevented by crown-loop space maintainers for all these children. Plaster casts were made every 4 months for 16 to 24 months after the extraction. These series of casts were standardized, and vertical changes of the maxillary first primary molars against the occlusal plane were measured using a micro-reader. The mean changes indicated that maxillary first primary molars without intercuspidation tend to drift toward the extraction space. On the control side with antagonists, the maxillary first molars seemed to move reversed to apical throughout the observation period. Accordingly, the results of this study showed new trends after the premature loss of primary molars. The vertical changes toward extraction space varied from -0.40 mm to 1.43 mm at the 16 months after extraction. Mean changes were small, but there were some individual differences in reaction, giving negative values. However, we should always be concerned about loss of arch length and also occlusal drift of unopposed teeth, because the vertical changes were greater than 1 mm at 16 months after extraction in some cases.
Assuntos
Oclusão Dentária , Dente Molar/fisiopatologia , Extração Dentária , Migração de Dente/etiologia , Dente Decíduo/fisiopatologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Mandíbula , Maxila , Modelos Dentários , Dente Molar/cirurgia , Mantenedor de Espaço em Ortodontia/instrumentação , Fatores de Tempo , Migração de Dente/fisiopatologia , Dente Decíduo/cirurgiaRESUMO
We examined the prevalence of anomalies in deciduous dentition in 2,733 Japanese three-year-old children. The results showed that fused teeth occurs in 4.10%, congenital missing teeth in 2.38%, enamel hypoplasia in 1.50%, peg-shaped teeth in 0.55%, palatal cusps in upper deciduous incisors in 0.37%, supernumerary teeth in 0.07%, and color anomalies in 0.07%. Sixty-nine boys and 43 girls had fused teeth, percentages of 4.88 and 3.26, respectively. This difference was significant. All the fused teeth were located in the anterior region and were more frequent in the mandibular than in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, 50 cases involved the lateral incisor and canine; the central incisor and lateral incisor were fused in 48 instances. There were 30 boys (2.12%) and 35 girls (2.65%) with congenitally missing deciduous teeth. This difference was not significant. Unilateral missing teeth were more frequently observed than bilateral missing ones. The lower lateral deciduous incisor was the most frequently missing tooth. The prevalences of fused teeth and congenital missing teeth were significantly higher in this study than in studies of American and Scandinavian children. These two anomalies are tending to increase in frequency in Japan.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Dentárias/epidemiologia , Dente Decíduo , Anodontia/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Dentes Fusionados/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Descoloração de Dente/epidemiologia , Dente Supranumerário/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A human continuous cell line (huGK-14) within a lineage of passaged cultures was investigated in the mode of integration and expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genes. HBV DNA was integrated in eight different sites of the cellular DNA, in each of which HBV genome was rearranged, fragmented, and/or partly deleted. Complete HBV genome that may lead to production of infectious virus particles was not detected in the cells nor in the culture medium. Clones of cDNA containing a complete coding frame for small HBs antigen protein (type adr) were obtained from mRNA of the cells. The cells were stable over the period of six months of cultivation and more than 60 population doublings in the mode of HBV integration and HBs mRNA expression.These results provide substantial evidence for the absence of an ability for the integrated DNA to create an infectious product in the cell; for the stable production of HBs mRNA from the cells, and suggest the usefulness of this cell line as a substrate for HBV vaccine production.
RESUMO
Stimulations of cell growth and macromolecular synthesis of HeLa cells by insulin and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied in relation to the effect of intracellular K+. After replacement of the culture medium by a chemically defined medium (K-CDM), addition of insulin plus LDL stimulated their growth. Protein synthesis was fast for the first 18 hrs. and then slowed to a constant rate with or without these agents. DNA synthesis began to increase from 15 hrs., attaining a maximum at 18 hrs. After change from K-CDM to CDM containing RbCl (Rb-CDM), Rb+ replaced about 80% of the intracellular K+ in 2 hrs. Cell growth in Rb-CDM was very slow but was markedly enhanced by insulin plus LDL. No initially rapid protein synthesis was observed. DNA synthesis decreased with time, but addition of insulin plus LDL resulted in transient increase. Thus, the initial rapid protein synthesis in K-CDM may be a prerequisite for inducing DNA synthesis that stimulates subsequent cell growth. In Rb-CDM, insulin plus LDL stimulated cell growth by increasing DNA synthesis without changing the synthesis of bulk protein, implying that they induced synthesis of growth-related proteins.
Assuntos
Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Insulina/farmacologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacologia , Potássio/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , DNA/biossíntese , Células HeLa , Humanos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Rubídio/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
An inherited polymorphism occurring in the murine apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) transcript seems to be related to the senile amyloidosis which occurs in accelerated-senescence-prone mice (SAM-P). Such being the case, we have determined the entire nucleotide (nt) sequence of the apoA-II gene. The length of the gene is about 1.3 kb and it is interrupted by three introns and the four exons aligned perfectly with the previously sequenced elements of an apoA-II cDNA. Two-nt substitutions [Pro-5(CCA)----Gln(CAG)] in the SAM-P genome were identified in the third exon, hence, we could use a restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect the apoA-II molecular type. Several possible regulatory signals were identified (i) in the 5'-flanking region, including CAAT and TATA boxes, the viral enhancer-like sequence, and the consensus sequences of estrogen response element, and (ii) in the 3'-flanking region, including sequences conserved in the immunoglobulin enhancer, glucocorticoid and estrogen response elements, and a B1 repetitive sequence.
Assuntos
Amiloidose/genética , Apolipoproteínas A/genética , Genes , Lipoproteínas HDL/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Apolipoproteína A-II , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Mapeamento por Restrição , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
The immunochemical properties between phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes of yeast (Y) and mycelial (M) forms of Candida albicans NIH A-207 (serotype A) strain were compared. Hydrolysis of the Y-form complex gave a mixture of beta-(1----2)-linked D-mannooligosaccharides consisting mainly of tri- and tetra-ose, whereas the M-form complex gave preponderantly D-mannose. The antiserum against Y-form cells exhibited a lower reactivity with the M-form than with the Y-form complex, whereas the antiserum to M-form cells could not distinguish significantly between both complexes. Moreover, these acid-modified complexes showed lower antibody-precipitating effect than each corresponding intact complex against antisera of Y- and M-form cells. Digestion of the acid-modified Y- and M-form complexes with the Arthrobacter GJM-1 strain alpha-D-mannosidase yielded 35- and 40-% degradation products, respectively. Acetolysis of each modified complex under mild conditions gave the same D-mannohexaose, beta-D-Manp-(1----2)-beta-D-Manp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp -(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp- (1----2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)-D-Man. Because the complexes of Y- and M-form cells of C. albicans NIH B-792 (serotype B) strain did not give any hexaose fraction containing beta-(1----2) linkages, the presence of this hexaose can be regarded as one of the dominant characteristics of the serotype-A specificity of C. albicans spp.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/análise , Proteínas/análise , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/análise , Fosfatos Açúcares/análise , Ácido Clorídrico , Imunoquímica , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Manosidases/metabolismo , Metilação , Testes de Precipitina , alfa-ManosidaseRESUMO
Serum clearance kinetics of murine senile amyloid-related high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apoprotein A-II (apo A-II) was examined in the senescence-accelerated mouse, prone (SAM-P/1) and resistant (SAM-R/1), with 125I-HDL purified from both strains. In SAM-R/1, with 125I-HDL purified from both strains. In SAM-R/1, the serum half-life of apo A-II was not altered with increasing age and was practically identical to that of apo A-I. In 2-month old SAM-P/1, the serum half-life of both apo A-I and apo A-II was generally the same as observed in SAM-R/1. However, at age 6 and 12 months, in SAM-P/1, the serum half-life of apo A-II decreased significantly and was less than that of apo A-I. These age-related changes in apo A-II clearance kinetics were observed regardless of the HDL donor. The authors also examined the tissue distribution of injected apo A-II, using 125I-apo A-II reconstituted HDL, and found that several organs trapped more 125I radioactivity in old SAM-P/1 than in young mice. This evidence strongly suggests that age-related changes in the metabolic environment of apo A-II might affect senile amyloidogenesis in SAM-P/1.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Amiloide/metabolismo , Amiloidose/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas A/farmacocinética , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Amiloidose/etiologia , Animais , Apolipoproteína A-I , Apolipoproteína A-II , Apolipoproteínas A/sangue , Meia-Vida , Cinética , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Camundongos , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Murine apolipoprotein (apo) A-II is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein. We determined the primary structures of apo A-II in accelerated senescence-prone mice (SAM-P) characterized by a high frequency of age-associated systemic amyloidosis and accelerated senescence-resistance mice (SAM-R) in which senile amyloidosis occurred with a low incidence. Apo-A-II variant (Pro5----Gln) was found to be present only in the serum of SAM-P and not in that of SAM-R or other random bred slc:ICR mice. The apo A-II variant in the serum of SAM-P is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein (ASSAM) derived from amyloid-deposited tissues of SAM-P. These findings proved that apo A-II deposits in tissues without degradation and this mutation (Pro5----Gln) probably have significant effects on the structure and function of apo A-II and would play a critical role in murine senile amyloidogenesis.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Amiloidose/sangue , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Histocitoquímica , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Fígado/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
The phosphomannan-protein complex of Citeromyces matritensis IFO 0651 strain was investigated for its chemical structure by a sequential degradation procedure, partial acid degradation followed by acetolysis under mild conditions. Upon treatment with 10 mM HCl at 100 degrees C for 1 h, this complex released mannotriose and mannotetraose consisting solely of 1,2-linked beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues, ca. 20% on weight basis of the parent complex. The acid-degraded complex was then subjected to acetolysis using an acetolysis medium of low sulfuric acid concentration, a 100:100:1 (v/v) mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid at 40 degrees C for 36 h. A phosphate-containing manno-oligosaccharide fraction eluted in the void-volume region of a Bio-Gel P-2 column was found to consist of Manp beta 1----2Manp beta 1----2Manp alpha 1----2Man to which 1 mol of phosphate group was attached, while a manno-oligosaccharide fraction eluted in the diffusable region was a mixture of Manp beta 1----2Manp beta 1----2Manp beta 1----2Manp alpha 1----2Man, Manp beta 1----2Manp beta 1----2Manp alpha 1----2Man, Manp beta 1----2Manp alpha 1----2Man, Manp alpha 1----2Man, and mannose in the molar ratio of 0.08:0.33:0.19:0.32:1.00. Therefore, the structural analysis of the polysaccharide moiety of a beta-1,2 linkage-containing phosphomannan-protein complex of fungal origin can be achieved by means of a sequential degradation procedure, partial acid degradation followed by acetolysis under mild conditions.
Assuntos
Proteínas Fúngicas/análise , Mananas/análise , Saccharomycetales/análise , Acetona , Aminoácidos/análise , Fenômenos Químicos , Precipitação Química , Química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Imunoquímica , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Fosfatos/análise , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
Age-related changes of the femoral bone mass in several strains of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) were investigated. Microdensitometrically, all strains exhibited essentially the same patterns of age changes, that is, bone mass corrected by the diameter of the shaft reached the peak value when the mice were 4 or 5 months of age and then fell linearly with age up to over 20 months of age. Two strains, SAM-R/3 and SAM-P/6, which originated from the same ancestry on pedigree, had a significantly lower peak bone mass than other strains (SAM-R/1, SAM-R/2, SAM-P/1, and SAM-P/2). On the other hand, the strains with a low peak bone mass had the same rate of decrease as other strains. Mineral and collagen contents per dry weight of bone showed little difference among the strains. Histologic studies of tibia, femur, and lumbar spine revealed that the osteopenia was not due to osteomalacia but, rather, to osteoporosis. The elderly mice in these two strains were prone to fracture, thus should be important models for study of senile osteoporosis seen clinically.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Osteoporose/patologia , Progéria/patologia , Animais , Densitometria , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Osteoporose/etiologia , Progéria/complicaçõesRESUMO
The primary structure of murine apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) has been determined. Apo A-II consists of a single polypeptide chain of 78 amino acid residues, of which the amino-terminus is pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Except for residues 5 and 38, the amino acid sequence is identical to that of murine senile amyloid protein (ASSAM), which has a common antigenicity with apo A-II. Substitution of glutamine (ASSAM) for proline (apo A-II) at position 5 is distinct and may possibly be related to murine senile amyloid-ogenesis.