Association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cognitive function among older adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the relationship between vitamin B1 intake and cognitive function in older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. A total of 2422 participants were included in the analysis, with dietary vitamin B1 intake being determined by averaging two 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive function was assessed using three cognitive function tests: the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for processing speed, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) for executive function, a Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) subtest for memory. Test-specific and global cognition z score was created. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the association between vitamin B1 and cognitive function. RESULTS: 2422 participants, aged 60 years and older, were included from NHANES across two survey cycles (2011-2014). Higher vitamin B1 intake was associated with higher DSST, AFT scores (P < 0.001) as well as the global cognition z score (P = 0.008). In the fully adjusted model, as compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) of vitamin B1 intake was related to higher DSST score (ß = 2.23, 95% CI 0.79 ~ 3.67) and global cognition z sore (ß = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 ~ 0.16). The association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cognitive function scores in US adults is linear. There was no detected significant statistical interaction between these variables. CONCLUSIONS: Increased dietary intake of vitamin B1 was associated with better cognitive function in individuals aged over 60.

Effect of sevoflurane on CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical surgery.

In this study, the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients before anesthesia induction (T1), after surgery (T2) and the first day after surgery (T3) was studied to explore the effect of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Forty patients with advanced gastric cancer were recruited and randomly divided into the sevoflurane group (S group) and the propofol group (T group). Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Compared with stage ⅡB, the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in T1, T2 and T3 of stage ⅢA and stage ⅢB patients was increased. Compared with the T group, the expression of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood of T2 and T3 in the S group was decreased. The results showed that the expression of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells might be related to the TNM stage of gastric cancer and sevoflurane could alleviate the inhibition of postoperative immune function more than propofol. Sevoflurane effectively reduced the expression level of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood of T2 and T3 of patients with gastric cancer, providing the theoretical basis for the selection of surgical anesthetics for patients with gastric cancer.

The association between double-lumen tube versus bronchial blocker and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after lung cancer surgery.

Background: Both double-lumen tube (DLT) and bronchial blocker (BB) are used for lung isolation in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. However, the effects of different devices for lung isolation remain inconclusive. Present study was designed to investigate the association between the choice of the two devices and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients with lung cancer. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent lung cancer surgery between January 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020 were screened. Patients were divided into two groups according to different devices for lung isolation: DLT group and BB group. Primary outcome was the incidence of a composite of PPCs during postoperative in-hospital stay. Results: A total of 1721 were enrolled for analysis, of them, 868 received DLT and 853 BB. A composite of PPCs was less common in patients with BB (25.1%, [214/853]) than those received DLT (37.9% [329/868] OR 0.582 95% CI 0.461-0.735 P < 0.001). Respiratory infection was less common in BB group (14.4%, [123/853]) than DLT group (30.3%, [263/868], P<0.001). The incidence of non-PPCs complications was not statistically significant between the 2 groups. Conclusions: For patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer, the use of BB for lung isolation was associated with a reduced risk of PPCs when compared with DLT.

Sevoflurane represses the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating forkhead box protein 3.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggested that sevoflurane exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects on cancer cells. To determine the role of sevoflurane on gastric cancer (GC) progression, we evaluated its effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901, AGS, and MGC803 GC cells. METHODS: GC cells were exposed to different concentrations of sevoflurane (1.7, 3.4, or 5.1% v/v). Cell viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assays. Immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting were performed to analyze forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) protein expression in tissue specimens and cell lines, respectively. RESULTS: FOXP3 was downregulated in human GC specimens and cell lines. Functionally, FOXP3 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells and accelerated their apoptosis. Moreover, sevoflurane significantly blocked GC cell migration and invasion compared with the findings in the control group. However, FOXP3 silencing neutralized sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of GC cell migration and invasion. Sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and the suppression of migration and invasion might be associated with FOXP3 overactivation in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane activated FOXP3 and prevented GC progression via inhibiting cell migration and invasion in vitro.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates cisplatin­induced acute kidney injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress­induced apoptosis via the α2AR/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Cisplatin (CP) is an effective antineoplastic agent; however, CP­induced acute kidney injury (AKI) seriously affects the prognosis of patients with cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS)­induced apoptosis serves a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CP­induced AKI. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a potent α2 adrenergic agonist, has been reported to exert protective effects against AKI. However, the protective effects of Dex against CP­induced AKI and the potential molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, male Sprague­Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=10/group), as follows: Control group; CP group, rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5 mg/kg CP; Dex + CP group, rats received an i.p. injection of 25 µg/kg Dex immediately after CP treatment; and Dex + CP + atipamezole (Atip) group, rats received an i.p. injection of 250 µg/kg Atip, an α2 adrenoreceptor (α2AR) antagonist, and then received the same treatment as the Dex + CP group. Rats were anesthetized and sacrificed 96 h after CP injection. Subsequently, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were analyzed, and kidney samples were collected for analyses. Pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and protein expression levels were assessed using western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, apoptosis was examined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick­end labeling assay. The present results suggested that Dex protected against CP­induced AKI by attenuating histological changes in the kidney, serum BUN and Scr production. Furthermore, the expression levels of 78­kDa glucose­regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase­12, and the apoptotic rate in the kidney were decreased following Dex treatment. In addition, the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)­PI3K and p­AKT in the Dex + CP group were significantly increased. Conversely, the renoprotective effects of Dex were attenuated following the addition of Atip. In conclusion, Dex may alleviate CP­induced AKI by attenuating ERS­induced apoptosis, at least in part, via the α2AR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on sevoflurane MAC-BAR value of patients undergoing radical stomach carcinoma surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane required for 50% blockade of the adrenergic response (BAR) to surgical incision in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Forty-four patients were selected for this study. Patients with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprised the NC group (n = 22) and patients without preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included as the C group (n = 22). Patients in the NC group were treated with two cycles of 14-day neoadjuvant chemotherapy with combination of oxaliplatin and Gio, and underwent surgery 3 weeks later. Patients in the C group received no chemotherapy prior to surgery. A sequential allocation method was employed to determine the MAC-BAR for each group. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set as 3% for both the NC and C groups. Sympathetic responses to surgical incision were evaluated 6 times by measuring the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at 1 min intervals before (T1, T2, T3) and after (T4, T5, T6) skin incision, and used to adjust the end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations for each patient. More than a 15% increase in MAP or HR after incision was scored as a positive response. MAIN RESULTS: The HR and MAP levels measured pre- (T1) and post-incision (T6) were significantly lower than base line values at admission in both groups, but without statistical difference between the groups. The MAC-BAR value of sevoflurane was 2.2% in the NC group and 3.0% in the C group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduced the MAC-BAR value of sevoflurane in gastric cancer patients by enhancing the inhibitory effect of sevoflurane on the stress response.