Exploration on fine management of antibiotics in burn department based on disease diagnosis related groups / 中国药房

OBJE CTIVE To explore the rational application and management of antibiotics in burn department of our hospital based on disease diagnosis related groups （DRGs）. METHODS Patients discharged from the burn department of our hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects to collect DRG data. The overall application of antibiotics in DRG group with more than 10 cases were analyzed ，and the application of antibiotics in typical disease groups were evaluated horizontally and vertically. RESULTS Among 3 732 discharged cases in the burn department of our hospital ，a total of 3 515 cases were included in 66 DRG groups ，21 DRG groups of which were included in the study. Among 21 DRG groups ，the maximum antibiotics use density （AUD）of antibiotics was 102.20 DDDs/（100 person·d）in AH 11 group，the utilization ratio of antibiotics was 100％，and the combined use rate of antibiotics was 81.82％；case-mix index （CMI）value was 11.49. The minimum AUD was 1.01 DDDs/（100 person·d）in XR 19 group，the utilization ratio of antibiotics was 5.06％，and the combined use rate of antibiotics was 0；CMI value was 0.81. Within the same core group ，AUD increased with the increase of CMI. The horizontal comparison and analysis of WB 11 group showed that there was a large gap in AUD among different physicians. The vertical comparison of AUD in WB11 group showed relatively small changes over time. CONCLUSIONS The horizontal and vertical evaluation of antibiotics based on DRGs can provide new clues for the control of antibiotics and help to realize the fine specialized management of antibiotics.

Progress in the Treatment of Tachyarrhythmia by Pulsed Electric Field Ablation Catheter Ablation / 中国医疗器械杂志

Pulsed electric field(PEF) provides high-energy instantaneous pulse and release energy to myocardial cell membrane, resulting in irreversible electroporation and causes myocardial cell contents leakage, destruction of intracellular homeostasis, cell death, and slight inflammatory response. PEF as non-thermal energy promotes the design and application of arrhythmia ablation catheter to enter a new stage. There are currently limited clinical studies that have proved the safety and effectieness of Farawave PEF catheter, PVAC GOLD PEF catheter, Lattice-tip Sphere-9 PEF and radiofrequency (RF) catheter used for atrial fibrillation ablation, but still need further discussion. The research of atrial fibrillation ablation with PEF is under study in China. In this paper, the design and application of PEF ablation for tachyarrhythmia are reviewed.

Progress in Wnt signaling pathway and tumorigenesis / 实用肿瘤学杂志

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development,and is a key pathway mediating carcinogenesis. Therefore,further studies of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway may provide powerful help for exploring the pathogenesis of tumors and seeking effective diagnosis and therapy. This article reviews the research progress of Wnt/be-ta-catenin signaling pathway and tumorigenesis.

Quality Standard of Huangqi Baoxin Mixture / 医药导报

Objective To establish a quality standard of huangqi baoxin mixture and improve its quality control system. Methods The qualitative analysis of Astragalus membranaceus,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Forsythia,and Angelica were performed by TLC.The content determination of astragalosideⅣin the huangqi baoxin mixture was conducted by HPLC-ELSD. Results As-tragalus membranaceus,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Forsythia,and Angelica in the huangqi baoxin mixture could be accurately identified by TLC.The linear range of astragaloside Ⅳ was 1.224-10.20 μg (r=0.999 5).RSDs of precision,stability,and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;the recovery was 96.2%-102.9% with RSD at 2.20% (n=6). Conclusion The established quan-titative method is simple,accurate,and reliable with high specificity which can be used to control the quality of huangqi baoxin mixture.

Effect of the Optimal Prescription of Huiru Yizeng on Hyperprolactinemia and Hyperplasia of Mammary Glands in Model Rats / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the effect of the optimal prescription of huiru yizeng on rats with hyperplasia of mammary gland and hyperprolactinemia. Methods Fifty-six female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=8), including normal control group, model control group, sodium chloride group, bromocriptin group, rupi sanjie group, the original prescription group and optimizing prescription group. Rat model of mammary gland hyperplasia with hyperprolactinemia was replicated in 6 groups but not the normal control group. The successfully established experimental rats were given corresponding drugs by intragastric gavage. After 30 days, the levels of the estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were detected, and the pathomrphology of glandular tissue was observed. Results Prolactin levels of model control group, the original prescription group and optimize prescription group were (69.47 ±6.08), (53.13 ±10.59), and (28.41 ±6.37) pg·mL-1, respectively . Compared with that in the model control group, the contents of prolactin in both the optimal prescription group and the original prescription group were reduced, but the optimal prescription group was better (P<0. 01). In the original prescription group, the lobules of mammary gland showed a few of hyperplasia, the individual alveoli and duct showed a slight hyperplasia, and a small amount of secretions was found in the duct. The degree of the hyperplasia was alleviated in the optimal prescription group similar to that observed in the normal control group, which showed that there was no hyperplasia in the lobules of mammary gland or no secretions in the duct. Conclusion The therapeutic effects of the optimal prescription are much better than the original prescription, which can effectively lower the level of prolactin, adjust the balance among the prolactin , estrogen and progesterone, and alleviate the pathological hyperplasia of mammary glands in the model rats.

Effect of Huiru Yizeng Granules on Hhyperplasia of Mammary Glandsin Rats with Hhyperprolactinemia / 医药导报

Objective To compare the effects of Huiru Yizeng granules Huiru yizeng original decoctin on hyperplasia of mammary glands with hyperprolactinemia in serum and pathological morphology of mammary glands tissue.Methods Seventy rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal control group,model control group,Huiru yizeng granules group,Huiru yizeng original decoctin group,Rubisanjie group,bromocriptine group and accessories group.After sucessfully modeling hyperplasia of mammary glandsin rats with hyperprolactinemia,Huiru yizeng granules group was administrated 17.22 g·kg-1·d-1,Huiru yizeng original decoctin group was administrated 20.08 g·kg-1·d-1,Rubi sanjie group was administrated 0.416 mg·kg-1·d-1,bromocriptine group was administrated 0.393 mg·kg-1·d-1.These groups were intragastric administration 2 mL every day for 30 consecutive days.The morphology of pathological tissue in mammary gland was observed by microscope.The levels of prolactin(PRL),progesterone(P),estradiol(E2) were determined by ELISA kit.Results Compared with the model group,Huiru yizeng granules group[PRL=(22.74±4.74) pg·mL-1,P=(46.91±2.85) ng·mL-1,E2=(99.96±9.61) pg·mL-1],Huiru yizeng original decoction group[PRL=(28.41±6.37) pg·mL-1,P=(43.91±4.17) ng·mL-1,E2=(105.02±3.05) pg·mL-1] and bromocriptine group[PRL=(23.58±4.10) pg·mL-1,P=(45.99±2.95) ng·mL-1,E2=(98.04±9.98) pg·mL-1]showed significant decrease in PRL,E2 levels,obvious increase in P(P<0.01).In Huiru yizeng granules group,Huiru yizeng original decoction group and bromocriptine group,PRL,P,and E2 returned to normal level after 30 days,and hyperplasia of mammary glands tissue had great ease.Huiru yizeng original decoction group was Ⅰ to Ⅱ hyperplasia,and Huiru yizeng granules group was 0 or Ⅰ hyperplasia.Compared with each other,the effect of Huiru yizeng granules on the mammary gland proliferation inhibition was superior to Huiru yizeng original decoction group.Conclusion On the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands and hyperprolactinemia,Huiru yizeng granules were better than Huiru yizeng original decoction.

Fluid shear stress suppresses TNF-α-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells: Involvement of ERK5-AKT-FoxO3a-Bim/FasL signaling pathways.

TNF-α is known to induce osteoblasts apoptosis, whereas mechanical stimulation has been shown to enhance osteoblast survival. In the present study, we found that mechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear stress (FSS) suppresses TNF-α induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that has been implicated in cell survival. We also demonstrated that FSS imposed by flow chamber in vitro leads to a markedly activation of ERK5, which was shown to be protective against TNF-α-induced apoptosis, whereas the transfection of siRNA against ERK5 (ERK5-siRNA) reversed the FSS-medicated anti-apoptotic effects. An initial FSS-mediated activation of ERK5 that phosphorylates AKT to increase its activity, and a following forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) was phosphorylated by activated AKT. Phosphorylated FoxO3a is sequestered in the cytoplasm, and prevents it from translocating to nucleus where it can increase the expression of FasL and Bim. The inhibition of AKT-FoxO3a signalings by a PI3K (PI3-kinase)/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) or the transfection of ERK5-siRNA led to the nuclear translocation of non-phosphorylated FoxO3a, and increased the protein expression of FasL and Bim. In addition, the activation of caspase-3 by TNF-α was significantly inhibited by aforementioned FSS-medicated mechanisms. In brief, the activation of ERK5-AKT-FoxO3a signaling pathways by FSS resulted in a decreased expression of FasL and Bim and an inhibition of caspase-3 activation, which exerts a protective effect that prevents osteoblasts from apoptosis.

Fluid shear stress inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoblast apoptosis via ERK5 signaling pathway.

Fluid shear stress (FSS) is a potent mechanical stimulus and prevents cells from TNF-a-induced apoptosis. Recently, Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) has been found to be involved in regulation of cell survival. However, little is known about the role of ERK5 signaling pathway in FSS-mediated anti-apoptotic effects in osteoblast. In this study, we show that FSS blocks TNF-a-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells via ERK5 signaling pathway. We found that physiological FSS for 1 h significantly decreased TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis. After inhibition of ERK5 activity by XMD8-92, a highly-selective inhibitor of ERK5 activity, the ability of FSS to inhibit TNF-α induced apoptosis was significantly decreased. Analysis of anti-apoptotic mechanisms indicated that exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to FSS for 1 h increased phosphorylation of Bad and inhibited caspase-3 activity. After treatment with XMD8-92, phosphorylation of Bad by FSS was significantly blocked, but caspase-3 activity was increased. In summary, these findings indicated that FSS inhibits TNF-α-mediated signaling events in osteoblast by a mechanism dependent on activation of ERK5, and Bad is a crucial downstream target for ERK5. Those results implied that ERK5 signaling pathway play a crucial role in FSS-mediated anti-apoptotic effect in osteoblast. Thus, ERK5 signaling pathway may be a new drug treatment target of osteoporosis and related bone-wasting diseases.

Simultaneous HPLC determination of 9 effective components ofTanreqing injection / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish HPLC method for the simultaneous detgrmination of 9 effective components ofTanreqing injection.Methods The Agilent TC-C18 (2) (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) column was used, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (B) in a gradient mode, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 30℃, the injection volume was 10μl, and the detecting wavelength was at 280 nm.Results All the 9 effective components showed a good linear relationship. TheRSDof the precision, reproducibility and stability tests were less than 2%. The average recoveries of the 9 effective components were in the range of 99.3%-103.1%.Conclusion This analysis method is simple, accurate and has a good specificity, which can be suitable for controlling the quality of Tanreqing injection.

Determination of Camphol and Isoborneol in Shaoshang Yuhe Gao / 医药导报

Objective To establish a capillary gas chromatography method for determination of camphol and isoborneol in Shaoshang yuhe gao ( burn healing cream) . Methods The capillary gas chromatography was adopted under the following conditions: use PEG-2000 as the stationary liquid,nitrogen as carrier gas,ZB-WAX (30 m×0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) as the chromatographic column,and the flame ionization detector. The column temperature was programmed at 80 ℃ for 5 min as the initial temperature,then raised to 180 ℃ at the rate of 5℃·min-1 and kept for 10 min. The shunt ratio was 101. Results The liner range for camphol was 0. 487 5-31. 25 μg ( r =0. 999 6),and the average recovery was 95. 95%( n =6). The liner range for isoborneol was 0. 487 5-31. 25 μg( r =0. 999 7),and the average recovery was 96. 44%( n =6). Conclusion The method is accurate,sensitive,and can be applied to quality control of shaoshang yuhe gao.

Ultrasonic diagnosis and clinical analysis of eosinophilic cystitis in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the ultrasound imaging and the clinical analysis of eosinophilic cystitis in children and to improve the understanding of this very rare clinical disease.Methods The ultrasound imaging of 9 patients who were diagnosed as eosinophilic cystitis in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Jul.2007 to May 2013 were analyzed retrospectively,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results The ultrasound imaging of the 9 patients were described as follows:4 cases showed a diffuse thickening bladder wall,2 cases showed a localized mass-like thickening bladder wall,and 3 cases showed a markedly thickening anterior bladder wall and bilateral bladder wall.Laboratory studies showed that all the patients were presented with eosinophilia.Six patients underwent cystoscopy that showed an erythematous,and velvety appearance of the bladder mucosa.Histopathology disclosed a bladder mucosal tissue with dense interstitial eosinophilic infiltration consistent with eosinophilic cystitis.Three patients had clinical resolution under the treatment of anti-infections and urine alkalinization.Other 6 patients received prednisone at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg and an antihistamine treatment.Prednisone was eventually tapered off after 2-week reemission.Regular follow-up by urinary bladder ultrasound and urine routine did not show any disease recurrence in 9 children.Conclusions The combination of bladder wall thickening and peripheral eosinophilia may suggest the likely diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis.Cystoscopy with bladder biopsy is the most important step in the diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis.Anti-histamines and corticosteroids can be used as the primary management and have good results.

Pre-existing mutations in reverse transcription region of HBV in patients with different HBV infection stages / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To compare the pre-existing mutations in reverse transcription region of HBV in patients with different HBV infection stages.Methods Totally 474 patients with chronic HBV infections,including 205 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),153 with liver cirrhosis and 116 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),were enrolled from the People' s Hospital of Shangyu and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during January 2011 and June 2013.All patients had not received nucleos (t)ide analogues treatment.HBV RT region mutations and genotypes were determined by PCR followed by sequencing.SPSS14.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results There were 387 (81.6％) patients with HBV genotype B,in which 156 were with CHB,124 were with liver cirrhosis,and 107 were with HCC.Nucleos(t)ide analogues-related mutations were observed in all the above 387 patients.rtS106C mutation was more popular in CHB and liver cirrhosis (14.1％ and 14.5％) patients than that in patients with HCC (4.7％) (x2 =6.126,6.207,P ＜0.05); And the positive rates of rtD134E/G/N/S mutations were also higher in CHB and cirrhotic patients (21.8％ and 20.2％) than that in HCC patients (10.3％,x2 =5.933,4.263,P ＜ 0.05).rtD134E/G/N/S and rtS106C mutations were correlated with HBeAg (P ＜0.01) and gender (P ＜ 0.05),but not with HBV virus load and age (P ＞ 0.05).The mutation frequencies in A-B interdomain were higher in CHB and cirrhotic patients (5.3％ and 5.6％) than that in HCC patients (3.5％,x2 =9.018,11.018,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Nucleos (t) ide analogues-related mutations exist in various HBV infection stages.rtSl06C and rtD134E/G/N/S mutations may be involved in necro-inflammation,and A-B interdomain mutations may be correlated with necro-inflammation,immune response and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases.

iDental: A Haptic-Based Dental Simulator and Its Preliminary User Evaluation.

Performance evaluation is indispensable for a surgical simulator to become acceptable. A haptics-based dental simulator (iDental) has been developed and preliminary user evaluation on its first-generation prototype has been carried out to gain the knowledge. Based on detailed requirement analysis of Periodontics procedures, a combined evaluation method including qualitative and quantitative analysis was designed. Construct validity was used to compare the performance difference between two groups of participants (faculty members and dental graduate students). These participants were required to perform three periodontal examination and treatment procedures including periodontal pocket probing, calculus detection, and removal. From the evaluation results, we found that penetration between tool and teeth or cheek will greatly decrease the fidelity of the simulation, therefore, it is necessary to utilize 6-DOF haptic device with both force and torque feedback in dental simulator, and accordingly it is needed to extend point-based rendering to 6-DOF haptic rendering of multiregion contacts. Furthermore, several other key research topics that will enable haptic technology to be effective in a practical dental simulator were identified, including simulation of deformable body such as tongue and gingival, and simulation of occlusion of tongue and cheek on teeth, etc.

The relationship between the hepatitis B virus base core and precore/core promoter mutations and the development of cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma and noncirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the mutations of basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PreC) region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the association with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection.Methods Totally 381 untreated HBV patients were recruited from the Department of Infectious Diseases,People's Hospital of Shangyu from Jan 2003 to Dec 2010,which included patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =166),cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (cirrhotic-HCC,n =158) and noncirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (noncirrhotic-HCC,n=57).The mutations in HBV BCP and PreC and the genotypes of HBV were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing.Data were analyzed by chi square test and Logistic regression.Results The HBV genotype of most cases was genotype B (CHB,n =124;cirrhotic-HCC,n=126 ; noncirrhotic-HCC,n=50).In univariant analysis,BCP V1753 (x2 =7.927,P=0.005),BCP T1762/A1764 (x2 =12.796,P＜0.01),PreC A1896 (x2 =6.890,P=0.009) and PreC A1899 (x2=11.850,P =0.001) mutations were more frequently detected in cirrhotic-HCC patients than those in CHB patients.PreC A1896 (x2 =27.310,P＜0.01) and A1899 (x2=7.575,P=0.006) mutations were highly detected in noncirrhotic-HCC patients than those in CHB patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that in HBeAg positive patients,BCP T1762/A1764 (wald=6.180,P=0.016,OR=8.883) and PreC A1899 (wald=10.279,P=0.001,OR=7.475) mutations were independently associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC; PreC A1896 (wald=4.324,P=0.038,OR=4.439) and PreC A1899 (wald=4.850,P=0.028,OR=6.010)mutations were independently associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC.While in HBeAg negative patients,PreC A1896 mutation (wald=15.448,P＜0.01,OR=12.128) was independently associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC.Conclusions BCP T1762/A1764 mutations are associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive patients.PreC A1896 mutation is associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative patients.PreC A1899 mutation is associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC and noncirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive patients.

Evaluation of the vascular endothelial function of carotid artery in subclinical hypothyroidism by E-Tracking technique / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of E-Tracking technique in evaluating the vascular endothelial function of carotid artery in subclinical hypothyroidism.Methods The study population include 38 subclinical hypothyroidism patients and 60 normal controls.E-Tracking technique was performed to track the movements of the common carotid artery and the following parameters were assessed:stiffness parameter(β),elastic coefficient (Ep),arterial compliance (AC),augment index (AI) and one point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ).Results Ep,β,AI and PWVβ were significantly higher in subclinical hypothyroidism than those in the control group,AC were lower than that in the control group( P ＜0.05).Conclusions Vascular endothelial function in subclinical hypothyroidism patients is injured in early stage.ETracking technique may conduce to find the injury early and may assess it quantitatively.

Protective effect of gangliosides on neurons after spinal cord injury in rats / 中华创伤杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). MethodsSixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. ResultsThe improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.

Study and comparison on HPLC fingerprints of flavonoids of frequently used Chinese materia medica in citrus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids of the six clinical frequently used Chinese materia medica for regulating Qi flow,such as Citri grandis, C. grands, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Aurantii Fructus, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from Citrus, and analysis differences in the fingerprints to provide scientific basis for profile-effect research and clinical reasonable use.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC was performed on a C18 column with methanol-water (with acetic acid), to establish HPLC fingerprints of the six kinds of medicinal herbs on the same chromatograph condition.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The six frequently used Chinese materia medica were divided into naringin type and hesperidin type according to the method of phytochemotaxonomy. Based on the retention time of chromatograph peaks, C. grandis and C. grands had fifteen common peaks; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Aurantii Fructus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus had ten common peaks. All herbs had five common peaks. Compared with mutual model, the holistic similarity of chromatograms of C. grandis and C. grands was in the range of 0.9285 - 0.9962. The degree of similarity was high. For Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, it was in the range of 0.9221 - 0.9973 and high. But the similarity of Aurantii Fructus was only in 0.4547 - 0.7733 with the mutual model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established fingerprints of flavonoids of the six common traditional Chinese medicines can be used to compare the differences intuitively. Meanwhile, the peak height and peak areas of characteristic peaks are different remarkably, but whether it is connected with the different function of regulating Qi flow of the six medical materials in clinical use, is still needed to be studied.</p>

Role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.

Preparation and Quality Control of Diclofenac Sodium Hollow Suppository / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To prepare diclofenac sodium hollow suppository and establish its quality control. METHODS: The hollow type suppository was prepared with mixed fatty glyceride as the base; the content of diclofenac sodium was deter-mined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The linear range of diclofenac sodium was 5～25 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 7),with an average recovery rate of 102.04%(RSD=1.08%). CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of diclofenac sodium hollow suppository is simple and feasible,and the quality of the suppository is stable and controllable.

Measurement of uric acid of seminal plasma in fertile and infertile males / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure uric acid of seminal plasma in fertile and infertile males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-three infertile males were divided into an obstructive azoospermic group (15 cases), a non-obstructive azoospermic group (36 cases), an oligozoospermic group (43 cases), and an asthenozoospermic group (69 cases). Twenty fertile males were included in the control group. Uric acid concentrations of seminal plasma in the fertile and infertile men were assessed by spectrophotometer, and sperm parameters were analyzed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Uric acid concentration of seminal plasma in the control group was significantly higher than all the infertile groups (P < 0.01), and that of the obstructive azoospermic group significantly lower than the other infertile groups (P < 0.1), but no significant difference was observed among the other infertile groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uric acid may play an important role in male reproduction because of its antioxidative property.</p>