Establishment of a RILD model in C57BL/6J mice treated with precise radiotherapy / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To provide a reliable and stable animal model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Methods Ninety C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 35 Gy radiation groups. The mice were executed at 4 weeks after radiation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver serum were measured. HE staining was performed on the pathological liver tissues. Masson staining was performed at 36 weeks after radiation. Results Compared with the control group, the fatality rate was higher in the 30 and 35 Gy radiation groups, and the body weight significantly decreased in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups. Compared with the control group, alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in mice exposed to 20 Gy, while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased in mice exposed to 25 Gy. No significant changes were observed in the livers of the mice in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups, but pathological examination showed liver damage induced by both 20 and 25 Gy radiation. Conclusion A stable and reliable mouse model of RILD was constructed for treatment with linear accelerator. The mouse model of RILD constructed for stereotactic body radiation therapy using linear accelerator has significant research implications for the exploration of RILD.

Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Select Symptoms and Conditions 31 to 150 Days After Testing among Children and Adults

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have described new and persistent symptoms and conditions as potential post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). However, it remains unclear whether certain symptoms or conditions occur more frequently among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those never infected with SARS-CoV-2. We compared the occurrence of specific COVID-associated symptoms and conditions as potential PASC 31 to 150 days following a SARS-CoV-2 test among adults ([≥]20 years) and children (<20 years) with positive and negative test results documented in the electronic health records (EHRs) of institutions participating in PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network. Methods and FindingsThis study included 3,091,580 adults (316,249 SARS-CoV-2 positive; 2,775,331 negative) and 675,643 children (62,131 positive; 613,512 negative) who had a SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test (nucleic acid amplification or rapid antigen) during March 1, 2020-May 31, 2021 documented in their EHR. We identified hospitalization status in the day prior through the 16 days following the SARS-CoV-2 test as a proxy for the severity of COVID-19. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds of receiving a diagnostic code for each symptom outcome and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the risk of being newly diagnosed with each condition outcome, comparing those with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test to those with a negative test. After adjustment for baseline covariates, hospitalized adults and children with a positive test had increased odds of being diagnosed with [≥]1 symptom (adults: adjusted odds ratio[aOR], 1.17[95% CI, 1.11-1.23]; children: aOR, 1.18[95% CI, 1.08-1.28]) and shortness of breath (adults: aOR, 1.50[95% CI, 1.38-1.63]; children: aOR, 1.40[95% CI, 1.15-1.70]) 31-150 days following a SARS-CoV-2 test compared with hospitalized individuals with a negative test. Hospitalized adults with a positive test also had increased odds of being diagnosed with [≥]3 symptoms (aOR, 1.16[95% CI, 1.08 - 1.26]) and fatigue (aOR, 1.12[95% CI, 1.05 - 1.18]) compared with those testing negative. The risks of being newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (aHR, 1.25[95% CI, 1.17-1.33]), hematologic disorders (aHR, 1.19[95% CI, 1.11-1.28]), and respiratory disease (aHR, 1.44[95% CI, 1.30-1.60]) were higher among hospitalized adults with a positive test compared with those with a negative test. Non-hospitalized adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test had higher odds of being diagnosed with fatigue (aOR, 1.11[95% CI, 1.05-1.16]) and shortness of breath (aOR, 1.22[95% CI, 1.15-1.29]), and had an increased risk (aHR, 1.12[95% CI, 1.02-1.23]) of being newly diagnosed with hematologic disorders (i.e., venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism) 31-150 days following SARS-CoV-2 test compared with those testing negative. The risk of being newly diagnosed with certain conditions, such as mental health conditions and neurological disorders, was lower among patients with a positive viral test relative to those with a negative viral test. ConclusionsPatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were at higher risk of being diagnosed with certain symptoms and conditions, particularly fatigue, respiratory symptoms, and hematological abnormalities, after acute infection. The risk was highest among adults hospitalized after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Identifying Contextual and Spatial Risk Factors for Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An EHR-based Cohort Study from the RECOVER Program

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) affects a wide range of organ systems among a large proportion of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although studies have identified a broad set of patient-level risk factors for PASC, little is known about the contextual and spatial risk factors for PASC. Using electronic health data of patients with COVID-19 from two large clinical research networks in New York City and Florida, we identified contextual and spatial risk factors from nearly 200 environmental characteristics for 23 PASC symptoms and conditions of eight organ systems. We conducted a two-phase environment-wide association study. In Phase 1, we ran a mixed effects logistic regression with 5-digit ZIP Code tabulation area (ZCTA5) random intercepts for each PASC outcome and each contextual and spatial factor, adjusting for a comprehensive set of patient-level confounders. In Phase 2, we ran a mixed effects logistic regression for each PASC outcome including all significant (false positive discovery adjusted p-value < 0.05) contextual and spatial characteristics identified from Phase I and adjusting for confounders. We identified air toxicants (e.g., methyl methacrylate), criteria air pollutants (e.g., sulfur dioxide), particulate matter (PM2.5) compositions (e.g., ammonium), neighborhood deprivation, and built environment (e.g., food access) that were associated with increased risk of PASC conditions related to nervous, respiratory, blood, circulatory, endocrine, and other organ systems. Specific contextual and spatial risk factors for each PASC condition and symptom were different across New York City area and Florida. Future research is warranted to extend the analyses to other regions and examine more granular contextual and spatial characteristics to inform public health efforts to help patients recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Machine Learning for Identifying Data-Driven Subphenotypes of Incident Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Conditions with Large Scale Electronic Health Records: Findings from the RECOVER Initiative

The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) refers to a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs that are persistent, exacerbated, or newly incident in the post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection period of COVID-19 patients. Most studies have examined these conditions individually without providing concluding evidence on co-occurring conditions. To answer this question, this study leveraged electronic health records (EHRs) from two large clinical research networks from the national Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) and investigated patients newly incident diagnoses that appeared within 30 to 180 days after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through machine learning, we identified four reproducible subphenotypes of PASC dominated by blood and circulatory system, respiratory, musculoskeletal and nervous system, and digestive system problems, respectively. We also demonstrated that these subphenotypes were associated with distinct patterns of patient demographics, underlying conditions present prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, acute infection phase severity, and use of new medications in the post-acute period. Our study provides novel insights into the heterogeneity of PASC and can inform stratified decision-making in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with PASC conditions.

Understanding Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection through Data-Driven Analysis with the Longitudinal Electronic Health Records: Findings from the RECOVER Initiative

Recent studies have investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) using real-world patient data such as electronic health records (EHR). Prior studies have typically been conducted on patient cohorts with small sample sizes1 or specific patient populations2,3 limiting generalizability. This study aims to characterize PASC using the EHR data warehouses from two large national patient-centered clinical research networks (PCORnet), INSIGHT and OneFlorida+, which include 11 million patients in New York City (NYC) and 16.8 million patients in Florida respectively. With a high-throughput causal inference pipeline using high-dimensional inverse propensity score adjustment, we identified a broad list of diagnoses and medications with significantly higher incidence 30-180 days after the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-infected patients. We found more PASC diagnoses and a higher risk of PASC in NYC than in Florida, which highlights the heterogeneity of PASC in different populations.

Novel clinical subphenotypes in COVID-19: derivation, validation, prediction, temporal patterns, and interaction with social determinants of health

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heterogeneous and our understanding of the biological mechanisms of host response to the novel viral infection remains limited. Identification of meaningful clinical subphenotypes may benefit pathophysiological study, clinical practice, and clinical trials. Here, our aim was to derive and validate COVID-19 subphenotypes using machine learning and routinely collected clinical data, assess temporal patterns of these subphenotypes during the pandemic course, and examine their interaction with social determinants of health (SDoH). We retrospectively analyzed 14418 COVID-19 patients in five major medical centers in New York City (NYC), between March 1 and June 12, 2020. Using clustering analysis, four biologically distinct subphenotypes were derived in the development cohort (N = 8199). Importantly, the identified subphenotypes were highly predictive of clinical outcomes (especially 60-day mortality). Sensitivity analyses in the development cohort, and re-derivation and prediction in the internal (N = 3519) and external (N = 3519) validation cohorts confirmed the reproducibility and usability of the subphenotypes. Further analyses showed varying subphenotype prevalence across the peak of the outbreak in NYC. We also found that SDoH specifically influenced mortality outcome in Subphenotype IV, which is associated with older age, worse clinical manifestation, and high comorbidity burden. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of how COVID-19 causes disease in different populations and potentially benefit clinical trial development. The temporal patterns and SDoH implications of the subphenotypes may add new insights to health policy to reduce social disparity in the pandemic.

Low molecular weight heparin through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway protects PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation induced inflammation / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the inflammatory response of PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and its related mechanism.Methods:The PC12 cells were cultured in vitro were randomly divided into sham(control) group, OGD group, LMWH group and blocking agent group. The latter group was divided into six groups: Eritoran+ OGD group, LMWH+ Eritoran+ OGD group, ST2825+ OGD group, LMWH+ ST2825+ OGD group, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC)+ OGD group and LMWH+ PDTC+ OGD group. OGD cell model was established. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell activity. The expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mRNA and protein were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and S100β were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:The cell activity of OGD group was significantly lower than that of control group on the first, second, third day ( P<0.05). Compared with OGD group, the activity of LMWH group was increased on the second, third day ( P<0.05), but lower than that of control group ( P<0.01). The mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB was significantly increased in OGD group compared with the control group ( F=144.9, F=710.5, 79.51, P<0.01). Compared with OGD group, the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly decreased after treatment with LMWH ( P<0.01), and the specific inhibitor of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH. The protein expression of this pathway was consistent with that of the gene. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and S100β in OGD group was significantly higher than control group ( P<0.05). After treatment with LMWH, the concentrations of inflammatory factors and S100β were significantly decreased compared with OGD group ( P<0.01). When hinder TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB respectively by Eritoran, ST2825 and PDTC, the concentrations of inflammatory factors and S100β were significantly decreased, but it was still higher than control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OGD can cause pathological damage of PC12 cells, including high expression level of S100β and aggravation of inflammatory reaction. LMWH can improve cell activity, down-regulate inflammatory reaction degree and protect the cells. Using inhibitors of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to inhibit the corresponding target, the up-regulation of inflammatory factors by OGD can be inhibited in varying degrees. These suggested that LMWH may regulate inflammatory reaction of PC12 cells induced by OGD through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

The clinical effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass combining with en-cephalo-duroarterio-synangiosis in the treatment of moyamoya disease / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore clinical curative effects of superficial temporal artery-middle cer-ebral artery bypass combining with encephalo-duroarterio-synangiosis( STA-MCA+EDMS) in the treatment of moyamoya disease. Methods Thirteen cases were confirmed to be moyamoya disease by digital subtrac-tion angiography ( DSA) , and treated with STA-MCA+EDMS methods. Four cases were ischemic, and the others were hemorrhagic in this group. Results The follow-up was 6-12 months. The clinical symptoms were improved significantly, without cerebral ischemic attack in 4 ischemic cases. Seven hemorrhagic cases got blood from the external carotid artery by means of vascular bypass or temporal muscle, and established effective collateral circulation half a year after operation. Two hemorrhagic cases bleed again in July after operation. However, the family gave up treatment. Ten cases were good, one case was moderate, while two cases got bad. The total effective rate was 76. 9％. Conclusions STA-MCA+EDMS can improve cerebral hemodynamics of moyamoya disease, improve quality of life, and reduce incidence of stroke.

Laparoscopic Sphincter Preserving Surgery for Ultra Low Rectal Cancer：Report of 108 Cases / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .

Recent progress on study of the selection of intraocular lens in the bilateral sequential cataract surgery / 中华实验眼科杂志

Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.

Risk factors of renal artery pseudoaneurysm following partial nephrectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

ObjectiveTo study the risk factors of renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) following partial nephrectomy.MethodsOpen partial nephrectomy was performed on a total of 464 cases of renal cell cancer from July 2003 to May 2010. Five patients ( 1.1％ ) had postoperative hemorrhage from RAP.The surgery technique of the open partial nephrectomy, the clinical presentation, imaging findings and treatment of RAP were reviewed. The anatomical characteristics of these five renal tumors on enhanced CT were quantified using the R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score System.ResultsAll five cases were male, two had tumors on the left side and three on the right side. Median tumor size was 3.6 cm ( range from 2.5 to 5 cm; Radius score 1 - 2). Four tumors were exophytic of these, three had a major endophytic component (≥50％) deep in the parenchyma (Exophytic/endophytic score 2 ), one was entirely endophytic (score 3 ). The distance of all the tumors to the collecting system was ≤4 mm ( Nearness score 3 ). Four of the five tumors were across the polar line and/or renal axial midline ( Location score 3 ). The other tumor was located under the lower pole ( Location score 1 ) but close to the renal hilar. All patients presented with delayed gross haematuria and decreasing hemoglobin occurred on mean postoperative day 12 (3 -23 day). Four patients complained of flank pain, two of which had signs of hypovolemia requiring blood transfusion. The diagnosis was confirmed by the contrast medium-enhanced CT and selective angiography, and RAP was found most commonly arising from the segmental branch of renal artery. Superselective microcoil angioembolization was successfully performed in four cases, once in three cases and twice in the remaining case. The procedure failed in one patient and a nephrectomy was done. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (12 -30) , all patients had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsRAP should be considered in all patients who had delayed hematuria after partial nephrectomy. A central, deep tumor and its relationship to the segmental branch of renal artery could be an important risk factor for this complication. Choosing the case properly for partial nephrectomy and suturing the transected vessels and the defect of parenchymal correctly could reduce occurrence of this serious complication. Early use of selective angioembolization could be a primary choice of treatment.

Delayed hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy: 5 cases report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the etiology and management of hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy because of renal cancer. Methods Of the 382 cases performed partial nephrectomy during a 10-year period, 5 patients(1.3%) had postoperative hemorrhage because of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm. The ages of these patients were from 42 to 63 years. All the tumors were malignant with an average diameter of 2. 8 cm. The renal pedicle was blocked in 2 cases with tumor size larger than 3 cm. The kidney was reconstructed with interrupted 0 chromic sutures in "8"or "U" style. Delayed postoperative hemorrhage occurred from 6 days to 3 months. The blood loss was from 1000 to 4500mi. Shock or lower blood pressure occurred in 3 patients. Nephrectomy was performed in 1 patient and selective angiographic embolization was performed in other 4 cases. Results Angiography revealed renal artery pseudoaneurysm in all 5 cases at the third (4 cases) or fourth branch(1 patient).Percutaneous embolization was successful in 4 patients. Four cases were followed up for 2 to 9 years without complication. Conclusions Delayed postoperative hemorrhage following partial nephrectomy is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication. Super-selective angiographic embolization could be the first choice of treatment.

Application significance of Besniak renal cyst dassification / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the application significance of Bosniak renal cyst classification. Methods The operations of 497 cases of cystic renal masses were performed from 2002 to 2007 in our hospital.The average age of these cases was 42-years old,the average diameter of renal cysts was 5.4 cm. There were 212 left lesions,265 right and 20 bilateral.According to Bosniak classification,there were 339 cases of category I,49 cases of category Ⅱ(including 23 cases of category ⅡF),44 cases of category Ⅲ and 65 cases of category Ⅳ.Renal cystectomy was performed in 372 cases when nephron sparing surgery performed in 51 eases and radical nephrectomy performed in 74 cases.Results Malignant tumors were found in 89 cases and benign lesions were found in 408 cases.The malignant rate was 0.9% in category I,10.2% in category Ⅱ(13.O%in category ⅡF),52.3% in category Ⅲ,89.2% in category Ⅳ.There was significant difference among the 4 groups,but there was no significant difference between category ⅡF and non-Ⅱ F of category Ⅱ.403 cases were followed up for 1-5 years with 75 cases of malignancy and 328 cases of benign lesions.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 9 malignant cases.Conclusions Careful follow-up should be performed in category I and Ⅱ,especially in the cases of Ⅱ F category and the eases with changes of diameter or morphology.It is definite that surgery should be performed in the cases of renal cyst with category Ⅲ or Ⅳ for their high malignant rate.

Application of orthogonal sampling to incomplete data interferometric tomography: numerical simulation and experimental analysis.

Orthogonal projection sampling mode was proposed to reconstruct the incomplete-data flow field in optical computerized tomography (OCT). With numerical simulation technique, a two-peak plane symmetric flow field was reconstructed in different sampling modes and discussed in simulated results is the reconstructive accuracy with error indexes, such as mean square error (MSE) and peak error (PE). The corresponding experiments were researched with a Fabry-Perot rotary interferometer. The results indicated that the errors were drastically reduced and the precision was improved when orthogonal projection sampling mode was adopted in the reconstruction of the incomplete data field. The MSE obtained with orthogonal sampling mode was decreased 72.81% from that of the sequential projection sampling mode (the difference between the MSE obtained with the orthogonal sampling mode and that with the sequential sampling mode divided by the MSE of the sequential sampling mode) and the PE was decreased by 73.97%. The precision obtained from the experimental results reached 10%, which showed the orthogonal projection sampling could be a practicable sampling mode for the incomplete data field reconstruction in OCT and could provide some guidance for the flow-field measurement and apparatus design in the practical situation.

Synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the treatment of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.Methods Fourteen cases of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma with 12 males and 2 females were treated from 1994 to 2005.Lumbago occurred in 4 cases and hematuria in 2 cases.All the cases were diagnosed with the CT scan,IVU,US and/or MR.Six cases received bilateral operation simultaneously,8 cases received sequential operations.Radical nephrectomy on one side and partial nephrectomy on the opposite side was conducted in 8 patients.Partial nephrectomy on both sides was performed for 6 patients. Results Twenty-two operations were performed in 14 cases.The average operative time was(263±52)min in simultaneous operation and(155±46)min in others.The length of hospital stay was(11.5±2.1)d in simultaneous operation and(7.4±1.2)d in staging operatiom Ten cases were followed up for 6-41 months.The renal function remained good in 7 patients.The SCr increased in 3 cases with no need for dialysis.One case died 25 months later with metastasis of lung.One case with local recurrence died 38 months later.One case died of cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions The renal function and treating tumor must be considered in managing synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.The geheral condition of patient and the position of tumor should be evaluated in order to make a treatment plan.

Comparison of immunosuppression between demethylzeylasteral with Glucosidorum Tripterygll Totorum / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To study the immunosuppression of Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) on the lymphocytic blastogenesis in vitro and compare the inhibitory effects on the rejection in renal transplant rats between T-96 with Glucosidorum Tripterygll Totorum (TII) in vivo. Methods Mixed lymphocyte cells were cultured through xenogenous antigen to stimulate C57BL/6 mouse spleen cell blast transformation, then different concentrations of T-96 or TII were added respectively. By 3H-TdR methods, the inhibitory effects of T-96 and TII on the blast transformation of spleen cells were measured. Different doses of T-96 or TII were given for different groups of renal transplant rats to evaluate the effects on survival time of renal transplant rats.Methods At the concentrations of 0.25 , 0.5 , 1.0 ??g/ml T-96, there was a significant inhibitory effect on the blast transformation of mouse spleen cells as compared with control group ( P

Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250.

OBJECTIVES: Gene amplification/expression of G250 is a major event in human renal tumorigenesis. G250-based therapeutic agents and G250-specific gene therapy are under development. These new perspectives call for a sensitive and accurate method to screen G250 alterations in renal cell cancer (RCC) patients and investigate the relationship between G250 mRNA expression and RCC. METHODS: We developed a quantitative RT-PCR assay for the measurement of G250 mRNA expression using a real-time procedure based on the use of fluorogenic probes and the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detector System. The method has been applied to the measurement of quantitative mRNA level of G250 in 31 cases RCC and 6 normal renal tissues. RESULTS: The dynamic range was 10(3)-10(8). The relationship between Ct and log starting concentration was linear (r=0.99). G250 expression was present in all RCCs with G250 amplification but was absent in normal ones. G250 mRNA expression ranged from 2.9 x 10(3) to 6.5 x 10(7) copy/microg RNA, with a mean value of 3.5 x 10(6) copy/microg RNA. The expression of G250 revealed an inverse correlation to tumor grade. G250 mRNA level did not correlate with the cell types and clinical stages (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: G250 has the potential to be used as a marker of diagnosis and increasing proliferation in RCC. This new simple, rapid, semi-automated assay was a major alternative to competitive PCR and Northern blot analysis for gene alteration analysis in human tumors and might be a powerful tool for large randomized, prospective cooperative group trials and supporting future G250-based biological and gene therapy approaches.

In situ transduction of cytosine deaminase gene followed by systemic use of 5-fluorocytosine inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic prostate cancer mouse models / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antitumor and anti-metastatic effect of in situ transduction of adenovirus encoding cytosine deaminase (AdCD) followed by the systemic use of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in the orthotopic (o.t.) prostate cancer mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The o.t. prostate cancer model of C57BL/6 mouse was developed by o.t. inoculation of RM-1 cells to the subcapsular area of the prostate gland. In situ transduction of the CD gene, followed by systemic use of 5-FC at a daily dosage of 300 mg/kg for 14 days, was performed two days later.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with mice treated with Adbeta-gal/5-FC, 5-FC and PBS, mice of the o.t. model receiving in situ treatment of AdCD/5-FC had significant prolongation of survival and suppression of local tumor growth. More importantly, pathological observations showed that metastatic activity occurred in all mice of the PBS, 5-FC and Adbeta-gal groups including metastasis to the iliac lymph node (10/10, 10/10, 10/10) and the lung (8/10, 7/10, 7/10). However, only two out of ten had iliac lymphatic metastasis in the AdCD/5-FC group with no systemic or preaotic lymphatic metastasis, suggesting a strong metastatic inhibitory effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In situ transduction of AdCD followed by systemic use of 5-FC leads to the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastatic activity in the o.t. mouse model of prostate cancer. Clinically, it may be possible to treat metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer with a novel gene therapy using in situ injection techniques in future.</p>

Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for renal cell carcinoma-associated protein G250 mRNA / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the expression of G250 mRNA in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its clinical significance. Methods A semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was developed to assay the levels of G250 mRNA obtained from 7 normal renal tissues and 33 cases of RCC.Of the 33 RCC cases,28 had clear cell carcinoma and 5 had non-clear cell carcinoma.By UICC staging, 8 cases were diagnosed with T_1 stage carcinoma,13 with T_2 and 12 with T_3.Pathological grading showed 11 cases of G_1,15 of G_2,and 7 of G_3. Results Among the 33 cases of RCC,G250 mRNA expression was present in 28 cases (84.8%).However, it was absent in all the 7 normal renal tissues.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P0.05);while they were 0.48?0.32,0.23?0.16 and 0.11?0.11,respectively,in RCC cases of G_1,G_2 and G_3,which showed that the expression of G250 mRNA was inversely correlated with tumor grades(P

Transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi(report of 116 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods 116 cases of ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from Dec.1999 to Feb.2002 were studied retrospectively.There were 49 male patietns and 67 female with an average age of 43,3 being upper ureteral stone,24 middle and 68 lower ureteral stone.21 ureteral stone-street. Results The stone fragmentation rate was 90%(104/116),85%(99/116) of which being fragmented on the first treatment session.The main complications were failure to insert the ureteroscope in 3 cases and ureteral perforation in 4.94 cases were follow-up for one to eighteen months and 91 cases were stone free within one month.No ureteral stricture has been observed on intravenous urogram. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral calculi by transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy has been safe, effective and less invasive.