RESUMO
High-level mupirocin resistance results from the acquisition of a mupirocin resistance (Mupr) plasmid carrying the mupA gene. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneous location of the mupA gene as well as sequence variations in mupA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types of high-level mupirocin-resistant (MuH) staphylococci isolated from tertiary hospitals and long-term care facilities in South Korea. RFLP patterns of the mupA gene were investigated in 14 MuH staphylococci isolates, and sequence variations of the cassette-like construction composed of the transfer gene complex (trs), an insertion sequence (IS257-like) and the mupA gene of the Mupr plasmid were also studied. Among the 14 isolates, four different EcoRI/HindIII banding patterns were observed, which were determined to be caused by sequence deletion between the mupA gene and trsLM of the trs gene complex. Four different sequence types were also identified for the trsLM-IS257-like-mupA cassette. The IS257-like sequence of all MuH staphylococci showed two base pair substitutions and one base deletion compared with the sequence of IS257. The heterogeneous location of the mupA gene was caused by sequence deletion adjacent to the IS257-like sequence of the trsLM-IS257-like-mupA cassette construction, and the IS257-like sequence was found in all MuH staphylococci.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Mupirocina/farmacologia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Análise de Sequência , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Genótipo , Hospitais , Humanos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , República da Coreia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that is the etiological agent of gonorrhea. We explored variations in the genes of a multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolate from a Korean patient in an effort to understand the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and importance of horizontal gene transfer within this important, naturally competent organism. Here, we report the complete annotated genome sequence of N. gonorrhoeae strain NCCP11945.
Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Biologia Computacional , DNA Bacteriano/química , Feminino , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Antimicrobial-resistant gonococcus has been a major problem in sexually transmitted disease control . Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were suggested to have influence on its resistance to antibiotics. So, in this work, we provide a proteomic analysis tool for examining the OMPs of N. gonorrhoeae and also provide a comparative analysis of the OMPs between the susceptible parent strain (92WT) and the resistance-induced isogenic mutant (92mu13) to determine the OMPs responsible for resistance. The 2-D gel spots of 92mu13 differed from 92WT particularly in porin, pilus secretion protein (PilQ) and enzymes. PilQ expression in 92mu13 was considerably reduced by abrupt termination at nucleotide 2,112. This made it difficult to form a high molecular mass (HMM) pore at the outer membrane; it is suspected that reduction of PilQ serves a role in antibiotic resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. The amount of porin was not changed but its isoelectric point (pI) shifted to a basic region, which is caused by the alteration of an amino acid of porin and it is suggested to relate to the development of antimicrobial resistance . Differential regulation of the enzymes involved in metabolism was found in 92mu13, believed to represent an adaptation of N. gonorrhoeae to the antibiotic environment.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/biossíntese , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Enzimas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Fímbrias/biossíntese , Ponto Isoelétrico , Porinas/biossínteseRESUMO
A total of 2,280 nonduplicate clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, obtained nationwide from Korean non-tertiary care hospitals from 2002 to 2005, were identified and their susceptibilities to aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, and quinolones were studied, together with their production of beta- lactamases. Using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests, it was found that 2.9% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. An EDTA-disk synergy test, PCR amplification with specifically designed primers, and direct sequencing of the PCR products showed that the blaOXA-10, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-17, blaPER-1, blaSHV-12, and blaIMP-1 genes were carried by 34.3%, 26.9%, 3.0%, 3.0%, 1.5%, 1.5%, and 1.5% of 67 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa was three-fold higher, compared with that from the United States. More than two types of beta-lactamase genes were carried by 10.4% of isolates. The most prevalent beta-lactamase genes were blaVIM-2 and blaOXA-10. This study is the first description of MDR P. aeruginosa from non-tertiary care hospitals in Korea and the coexistence of the blaOXA-10 gene with blaVIM-2, blaIMP-1, or blaPER-1 in these clinical isolates.
