RESUMO
Viruses are one of the most common causes of infections involving the posterior segment of the eye. Such infections can occur either on a congenital or an acquired basis, and may affect primarily the retina or the choroid. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella infections may result in retinitis. CMV retinitis is also the most common cause of acquired viral retinitis, primarily because of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other types of viral retinitis, such as those caused by herpes simplex or herpes zoster, can occur in immunocompromised or immunocompetent individuals. Retinitis or choroiditis caused by viruses such as measles, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and Rift Valley fever virus, typically occurs subsequent to an acute viral systemic illness. The systemic and ocular manifestations, as well as the histopathology, laboratory tests, differential diagnoses, and treatment regimens for each of the individual viruses are discussed in detail.
Assuntos
Corioidite/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Virais , Retinite/microbiologia , Varicela/diagnóstico , Varicela/terapia , Corioidite/diagnóstico , Corioidite/terapia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções Oculares Virais/diagnóstico , Fundo de Olho , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/terapia , HIV-1 , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/terapia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/terapia , Ceratite Herpética/diagnóstico , Ceratite Herpética/tratamento farmacológico , Retinite/diagnóstico , Retinite/terapiaRESUMO
Data analysis was performed in a prospective study of clinical symptoms and findings in 500 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The symptoms and findings in these patients met the usual definitions of the disease. At initial examination the patients were questioned in a standardized manner; symptoms and associated health problems were reviewed. Some patients were unable to answer all of the questions. Of the patients 274 (55%) were men and 226 (45%) were women, with a race distribution of 21 (4%) black, 47 (9%) Hispanic, 26 (5%) Oriental, three (1%) American Indian, and 403 (81%) white. Sixty-nine patients reported no symptoms of night blindness and 116 patients claimed no visual field changes; 90 stated that they saw better at dusk. The most common problem noted by 263 (53.3%) was headaches, 31 on a daily basis, 42 at least weekly, 124 infrequently, and the remainder nonspecifically. Numbness or tingling, mainly in extremities, was reported by 99 patients. The second most common problem affecting 170 patients (34.6%) was light flashes; since eight patients had retinal detachments, light flashes cannot be totally discounted. Of 143 patients who had been pregnant, 14 had visual changes.