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1.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 64(13): 24, 2023 10 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37847225

RESUMO

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the spatial patterns of the nonperfusion areas (NPAs) on widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to investigate their associations with NPA progression and DR severity. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 201 eyes from 158 patients with DR. Widefield images were obtained using a swept-source OCTA device (Xephilio OCT-S1), followed by the creation of 20-mm (1614 pixels) en face images. Nonperfusion squares (NPSs) were defined as 10 × 10-pixel squares without retinal vessels. Eyes with high-dimensional spatial data were mapped onto a two-dimensional space using the uniform manifold approximation and projection algorithm and divided by clustering. The patterns of NPA distribution were statistically compared between clusters. Results: All eyes were mapped onto a two-dimensional space and divided into six clusters based on the similarity of NPA distribution. Eyes in clusters 1 and 2 had minimal and small NPAs, respectively. Eyes in clusters 3 and 4 exhibited NPAs in the temporal and inferotemporal regions, respectively. Eyes in cluster 5 displayed NPAs in both superonasal and inferonasal areas. The unique NPA distributions in each cluster encouraged us to propose eight possible pathways of NPA progression. DR severity was not equal between clusters (P < 0.001), for example, 8 (15.7%) of 51 eyes and 15 (65.2%) of 23 eyes had PDR in clusters 1 and 5, respectively. Conclusions: Dimensionality reduction and subsequent clustering based on the NPA distribution on widefield OCTA enabled the inference of possible NPA progression in DR.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatia Diabética , Humanos , Angiofluoresceinografia/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Vasos Retinianos , Fundo de Olho , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Int J Ophthalmol ; 16(9): 1555-1558, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37724270

RESUMO

AIM: To establish a recording system with a direct view of the surgeon to supplement video recording under an operating microscope, which lacks information on the movement and position of the surgeon's hands, and to facilitate the reproduction of a skilled surgeon's technique by a surgeon in training. METHODS: A small camera was attached to the operating microscope with a custom adapter. Microscopic surgeon's view and direct surgeon's view through this new camera were recorded in the surgical recording system. Both movies were synchronized and analyzed how do surgeons handle the instruments. RESULTS: A small camera attached to the operating microscope allowed the surgeon's hands motion to be recorded without interfering with the surgeon's movements. Different surgeons used different methods to manipulate the ultrasound handpiece and the irrigation/aspiration device. Even in the simple paracentesis procedure, different surgeons used different methods. Surgeons-in-training were able to identify and improve their weaknesses by watching synchronized movies of their hand motions and microscopic view. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous recording the surgical field out of the operating microscopic view by a small camera set on the microscope is comprehensive and improves surgeons-in-training understanding and learning surgeries.

3.
Cureus ; 15(12): e50958, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38249232

RESUMO

Orthokeratology may be effective in slowing myopic progression. However, whether orthokeratology is beneficial enough to prevent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment formation remains unclear. Two cases of bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were seen during orthokeratology treatment and corrected with scleral buckling and cryopexy under general anesthesia. This is the first report of bilateral retinal detachment found during orthokeratology treatment. Although orthokeratology is effective for myopic correction and prevents axial length elongation, patients still have a risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Careful follow-up not only of the anterior segment but also of the peripheral retina is necessary.

4.
Case Rep Ophthalmol ; 13(2): 534-541, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36160479

RESUMO

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) constitute a rare group of disorders whose optimal treatment is yet to be established. We report a patient with bilateral orbital inflammation associated with PNS, who responded well to surgical resection of the primary tumor. An 83-year-old woman was referred to our department for treatment of a progressive reduction in visual acuity and palpebral swelling in both eyes for the past 2 months. She was scheduled to undergo thoracic surgery for lung cancer. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right and left eye had worsened from 0.3 to 0.5 one month before she was referred to our department to 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. A slit-lamp examination revealed edema in both eyelids. Goldmann perimetry revealed several paracentral scotomas with constriction of the peripheral visual fields of both eyes, along with central absolute scotomas in V-4e isopter in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the bilateral extraocular muscles, which compressed the bilateral optic nerves at the orbital apex. Seven days after the resection of the lung cancer, the BCVA improved to 0.07 and 0.15 in the right and left eyes, respectively, without concomitant immunotherapy. Intravenous methylprednisolone (500 mg/day) was administered for 3 days to treat the residual orbital inflammation. Fourteen days after surgery, the BCVA further improved to 0.4 and 0.5 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Swelling of the bilateral extraocular muscles and the visual field abnormalities improved dramatically. Early diagnosis is crucial for the management of PNS.

5.
Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep ; 27: 101663, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35865660

RESUMO

Purpose: To report a case of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear after trabeculectomy combined with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Observations: A 65-year-old man with neovascular glaucoma due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy presented with visual impairment and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye and underwent trabeculectomy combined with PPV. Three weeks after surgery, the best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) improved from 3.0 to 0.30, and the IOP was controlled within normal limits. Four weeks after the surgery, he noticed visual impairment and ocular pain in the right eye after continuous coughing associated with asthma. Fundus examination revealed bullous retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, and submacular hemorrhage (SMH) due to a giant RPE tear at the posterior pole. Visual acuity worsened considerably to 1.7, while IOP was not elevated (6 mmHg). The patient received PPV with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and fluid/air exchange for internal tamponade and achieved anatomic retinal and choroidal attachments. Conclusions and importance: The acute increase in hydrostatic pressure in the choroidal interstitium due to continuous coughing induces an RPE tear. Vitrectomy with rt-PA and fluid/air exchange may be a favorable treatment for exudative retinal detachment and SMH due to RPE tears.

6.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 38: 102745, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35123015

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the 3-year outcome in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy or rescue therapy using standard verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT), and corroborate efficacy of rescue PDT. METHODS: Patients were administered aflibercept injections once a month for 3 months followed by once every 2 months in the first year. After year 1, treatment with aflibercept monotherapy as indicated or in combination with PDT at the retinal specialist's discretion. Only cases completing the three-year follow-up were included. Regression analysis with visual acuity and macular atrophy at year 3 was performed for the dependent variable. RESULTS: Of the 292 eyes, 15 eyes underwent rescue PDT following year 1. The best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution, mean/Snellen equivalent ± SD) was 0.35 (20/45) ± 0.38, 0.23 (20/30) ± 0.36, 0.26 (20/35) ± 0.38, and 0.31 (20/40) ± 0.42 at baseline, year 1, year 2, and year 3, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the rescue PDT was significantly associated with macular atrophy and poor visual outcome at year 3 (odds ratio = 1.2, p < 0.001; ß = 0.23, p = 0.0029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The visual outcome in eyes with nAMD retained baseline levels at year 3; however, patients treated with rescue PDT developed macular atrophy more frequently and poor visual outcomes.


Assuntos
Degeneração Macular , Fotoquimioterapia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Atrofia/induzido quimicamente , Atrofia/complicações , Atrofia/tratamento farmacológico , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Injeções Intravítreas , Degeneração Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular
7.
Nat Commun ; 1: 86, 2010 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20981014

RESUMO

Dyrk1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) is a serine/threonine kinase essential for brain development and function, and its excessive activity is considered a pathogenic factor in Down syndrome. The development of potent, selective inhibitors of Dyrk1A would help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of normal and diseased brains, and may provide a new lead compound for molecular-targeted drug discovery. Here, we report a novel Dyrk1A inhibitor, INDY, a benzothiazole derivative showing a potent ATP-competitive inhibitory effect with IC(50) and K(i) values of 0.24 and 0.18 µM, respectively. X-ray crystallography of the Dyrk1A/INDY complex revealed the binding of INDY in the ATP pocket of the enzyme. INDY effectively reversed the aberrant tau-phosphorylation and rescued the repressed NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell) signalling induced by Dyrk1A overexpression. Importantly, proINDY, a prodrug of INDY, effectively recovered Xenopus embryos from head malformation induced by Dyrk1A overexpression, resulting in normally developed embryos and demonstrating the utility of proINDY in vivo.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/enzimologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Animais , Benzotiazóis/química , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Xenopus laevis , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Quinases Dyrk
8.
Arch Histol Cytol ; 69(2): 101-7, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16819149

RESUMO

Previous reports have revealed that estrogen agonists or anti-androgenic chemicals induce abnormal spermiogenesis in rodents. In the seminiferous epithelium, the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) is an actin-based (cell-cell) junctional structure developing between the Sertoli cells and spermatids as is the basal ES also--although it is located between adjoining Sertoli cells. In the apical and basal ES are several adhesion complex proteins that control the spermatid developing process. Cortactin, an actin-binding protein, is one of the ES adhesion proteins, combining with several cell-cell adhesions associating proteins. In the present study, 17beta-estradiol (E2, 1.2 microg/kg), bisphenol A (BPA, 2.4 microg/kg), and diethylstilbestrol (DES, 2.5 microg/kg) were subcutaneously injected in ICR 12-week-old male mice. Mice testes were observed for the expression of cortactin protein after E2, BPA, and DES treatments by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and immunoelectron microscopic analysis. Observations showed that the immunoreactivity of the treated testes was significantly decreased. The immunohistochemical reactivity of cortactin in the apical ES was decreased in the treated testis. In immunoelectron microscopic observations, ultrastructural immunolocalizations of cortactin protein in the apical ES by both E2 and BPA were decreased, and the immuno-gold particles of apical and basal ES by DES were much less than the control. In the toxicological field, cortactin may be considered to be one of the indicator proteins of abnormal spermiogenesis which is affected by exogenous chemicals, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals. In summary, this study helps toward understanding the cortactin protein expression underlying the histological abnormalities of spermatogenesis induced by exogenous hormonal chemical treatment.


Assuntos
Cortactina/metabolismo , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacologia , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/agonistas , Fenóis/farmacologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Western Blotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Testículo/citologia , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/ultraestrutura
9.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 346(1): 276-80, 2006 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16756952

RESUMO

Our previous study revealed that the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) was deleted by the treatment of anti-estrogen, ICI 182.780 (ICI), and anti-androgen, flutamide (FLUT) in mouse testis. Also, expression of cortactin, an F-actin-binding protein, was decreased by the treatment of FLUT in mouse testis. Cortactin has been suggested to promote actin polymerizer at the ES in the testis, and also actin depolymerization is induced by tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin. The present study revealed that exogenous treatment of ICI and FLUT caused the deletion of the cortactin in the apical ES and the increase of tyrosine phosphorylated cortactin in mouse testis. These results suggest that the sex hormone antagonists', ICI and FLUT, induced actin depolymerization and tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin in the mouse testis. Also, the present study may be a key to elucidate the adverse affect exogenous compounds that affect spermiation.


Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Cortactina/metabolismo , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/farmacologia , Flutamida/farmacologia , Células de Sertoli/fisiologia , Espermátides/fisiologia , Tirosina/metabolismo , Animais , Estradiol/farmacologia , Fulvestranto , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Fosforilação , Células de Sertoli/ultraestrutura , Espermátides/ultraestrutura , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos
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