Ultradilutions of Natrum muriaticum in the agronomic performance of cherry tomatoes submitted to saline stress / Ultradiluições de Natrum muriaticum no desempenho agronômico do tomateiro-cereja sob estresse salino

Considered an agricultural input by the Ministry of Agriculture and Supply, homeopathy has been increasingly used in agriculture, especially in plants. It is an important technology to be adopted to reverse a framework of saline stress, because since the current procedures are little known, have hight costs and resources are not renewable. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the homeopathic preparation Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) on agronomic performance and physiological parameters of cherry tomatoes submitted to saline stress. The statistical design was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted in the application of Nat-m 3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH, 13cH and two controls: etanol 70% and distilled water. They were conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments were applied weekly. Satisfactory results were observed with the applications of Nat-m 11cH and 13cH, with a significant increase in the characteristics such as height, diameter of the lap, number of leaves, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits, fresh fruit mass, as well as on the productivity of tomato plants. Lower averages of the proline content were obtained with the application of these homeopathic preparations, this response may be associated with the osmotic adjustment promoted by the use of ultradiluitions. Natrum muriaticum positively affected the vegetative and reproductive development of cherry tomato plants submitted to saline stress.(AU)

Considerada insumo agrícola pelo Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento, a homeopatia vem sendo utilizada de forma crescente na agricultura, especialmente em plantas. É uma importante tecnologia a ser adotada para reversão de quadros de estresse salino, pois os procedimentos atuais são pouco conhecidos, possuem custos elevados e os recursos não são renováveis. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do preparado homeopático Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) no desempenho agronômico e parâmetros fisiológicos do tomateiro-cereja submetido à estresse salino. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de Nat-m 3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH, 13cH e duas testemunhas: etanol 70% e água destilada. Foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e a aplicação dos tratamentos realizada semanalmente. Resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos com as aplicações de Nat-m 11cH e 13cH, com incremento significativo nas características altura, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas, número de flores por cacho, número de frutos, massa fresca de frutos, bem como na produtividade do tomateiro. Médias inferiores do teor de prolina foram obtidas com a aplicação destes preparados homeopáticos, tal resposta pode estar associada ao ajuste osmótico promovido pelo uso das ultradiluições. Natrum muriaticum atuou positivamente no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas de tomate-cereja submetidas ao estresse salino.(AU)

Ultradilutions of Natrum muriaticum in the agronomic performance of cherry tomatoes submitted to saline stress / Ultradiluições de Natrum muriaticum no desempenho agronômico do tomateiro-cereja sob estresse salino

Considered an agricultural input by the Ministry of Agriculture and Supply, homeopathy has been increasingly used in agriculture, especially in plants. It is an important technology to be adopted to reverse a framework of saline stress, because since the current procedures are little known, have hight costs and resources are not renewable. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the homeopathic preparation Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) on agronomic performance and physiological parameters of cherry tomatoes submitted to saline stress. The statistical design was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted in the application of Nat-m 3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH, 13cH and two controls: etanol 70% and distilled water. They were conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments were applied weekly. Satisfactory results were observed with the applications of Nat-m 11cH and 13cH, with a significant increase in the characteristics such as height, diameter of the lap, number of leaves, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits, fresh fruit mass, as well as on the productivity of tomato plants. Lower averages of the proline content were obtained with the application of these homeopathic preparations, this response may be associated with the osmotic adjustment promoted by the use of ultradiluitions. Natrum muriaticum positively affected the vegetative and reproductive development of cherry tomato plants submitted to saline stress.

Considerada insumo agrícola pelo Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento, a homeopatia vem sendo utilizada de forma crescente na agricultura, especialmente em plantas. É uma importante tecnologia a ser adotada para reversão de quadros de estresse salino, pois os procedimentos atuais são pouco conhecidos, possuem custos elevados e os recursos não são renováveis. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do preparado homeopático Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) no desempenho agronômico e parâmetros fisiológicos do tomateiro-cereja submetido à estresse salino. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de Nat-m 3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH, 13cH e duas testemunhas: etanol 70% e água destilada. Foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e a aplicação dos tratamentos realizada semanalmente. Resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos com as aplicações de Nat-m 11cH e 13cH, com incremento significativo nas características altura, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas, número de flores por cacho, número de frutos, massa fresca de frutos, bem como na produtividade do tomateiro. Médias inferiores do teor de prolina foram obtidas com a aplicação destes preparados homeopáticos, tal resposta pode estar associada ao ajuste osmótico promovido pelo uso das ultradiluições. Natrum muriaticum atuou positivamente no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas de tomate-cereja submetidas ao estresse salino.

Production of tomato seedlings using seeds pelleted with Natrum muriaticum and submitted to saline stress

The development and yield of plants is directly related to the effects of salinity. There are several reports in scientific studies of significant reduction in the growth and production of tomato in soils with high electrical conductivity. The correction or recovery of salinized soils, although technically possible, is a slow and very expensive process, making it necessary to develop new technologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) seedlings using seeds pelleted with a homeopathic preparation of Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) submitted to saline stress. The treatments consisted of the pelletization of tomato seeds with six dynamizations of Nat-m (3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH and 13cH). Coated or uncoated seeds (controls) were placed in phenolic foam blocks, kept in plastic trays previously moistened with 50 mM NaCl saline solution (2.922 g.L-1 of NaCl, electrical conductivity = 4.5 dSm-1) and nutrient solution (0.15 dS.m-1) at half the ionic strength, containing 4, 1, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.5 mmol.L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, and 17.5, 9.5, 10.5, 2, 0.45 and 0.35 mmol.L-1 of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The variables evaluated were percentage of emerged plants, emergence speed index, shoot length, leaf area, number of leaves, root volume, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The treatments pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 5cH and pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 7cH increased all variables evaluated. They differed statistically from the controls, with a positive response for the development of tomato seedlings under disequilibrium conditions. (AU)